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WorksheetsNeuro Chapters 5, 6, 16 (Motor System)
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
The white matter of the spinal cord does not contain
neuroglia
endothelium
perikarya (cell bodies)
axons
T/F: Dorsal roots are formed by central processes of the dorsal root ganglia
true
false
There are ________ cervical vertebrae and _______ cervical spinal cord segments
8, 7
7, 8
8, 8
7, 7
the ventral horn of the spinal cord receives the blood primarily from the
central branch of the ventral spinal artery
dorsal plexus of the dorsal spinal artery
the dorsal funiculus is
a white matter bounded by the dorsal median and dorsolateral sulci
a white matter bounded by the dorsolateral and ventral median fissure
a grey matter lateral to the dorsal median septum
a grey matter lateral to the central canal
T/F: The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord corresponds to C1 through C5
true
false
interneurons in the spinal cord are
the same as motor neurons
always excitatory
always inhibitory
either excitatory or inhibitory
T/F: motor neurons are also known as projection neurons as they project axons to skeletal muscles
true
false
visceral motor neurons are located in the
T1-L3 and S2-S3
T1-L3 only
S2-S3 only
C6-T1
lower motor neurons are located in the
dorsal horn
ventral horn
cerebral motor cortex
thalamus
T/F: Each skeletal muscle fiber is innervated by various numbers of spinal motor neurons
true
false
T/F: a motor unit is defined as a motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates
true
false
Visceral motor neurons are located in the
dorsal horn
ventral horn
intermediate substance
Motor neurons in the ventral horn and their axons are classified as
general somatic efferent (GSE)
general somatic afferent (GSA)
general visceral efferent (GVE)
general visceral afferent (GVA)
The pelvic limbs of a dog are paralyzed. Pain sensation is also absent in both limbs, and the quadriceps reflex is absent in both pelvic limbs. The thoracic limbs show normal motor control and sensory perception. A lesion in this animal is most likely present somewhere in the:
cord segments C1-C5
cord segments C6-T1
cord segments T3-L3
cord segments L4-S1
T/F: the myotatic reflex is triggered by stretching the golgi-tendon organs
true
false
A large lesion of the ventral horn likely induces
loss of pain sensation
hyperreflexia
muscle atrophy
hypertonia
Which statement is correct for myotatic reflex?
myotatic reflex is referred to as the polysynaptic reflex
perineal reflex is one example of myotatic reflex
myotatic reflex is always present as long as interneurons are intact
the quadriceps reflex is one example of myotatic reflex
Absence of the triceps reflex suggests a problem in which of the following spinal cord segments?
C1-C5
C6-T2
T3-T6
L4-S1
When a fibrocartilagenous embolus blocks the dorsal plexus of the right dorsal spinal artery to the cord segments T3-T5, the quadriceps reflex is:
absent
present
A dog has a lesion in the right half of the spinal cord from L4 to S2. Which of the following statements best describes the clinical presentation you would expect to see in this animal?
normal reflex of the right thoracic limb, hyperreflexia of the right pelvic limb
areflexia of the right thoracic and pelvic limbs
areflexia of the right thoracic limb, hyperreflexia of the right pelvic limb
normal reflex of the right thoracic limb, areflexia of the right pelvic limb
An example of monosynpatic reflex is the
withdrawal (or flexor) reflex
perineal reflex
triceps reflex
all of the above
A dog was hit by a car, causing dislocation of the right shoulder. He shows paralysis of the right thoracic limb and no pain sensation. The cutaneous trunci reflex on the right side in this animal is most likely
present
absent
T/F: Ia fibers mediate sensory signals from the muscle spindle, whereas Ib fibers mediate motor signals
true
false
Which statement is true for the animal with a lesion of the left half of the spinal cord segments between T2-T5
the perineal reflex is absent
the triceps reflex of the left limb shows hyperreflexia
the quadriceps reflex of the left limb shows hyperreflexia
the flexor reflex of the left thoracic limb is absent
Major motor projections to the spinal cord arise directly from the
cerebellum
caudate nucleus
thalamus
red nucleus
The basal nuclei
work closely with the pons by circuits that can best be described as loops
receive dopaminergic inputs from the substantia nigra of the midbrain
include the caudate nucleus, putamen, and thalamus
represent the white matter
Which one of the following areas does not contain fibers of the corticospinal tract?
the crus cerebri
the pyramidal decussation
the pons
the tectum of the midbrain
Renshaw cells are
inhibitory interneurons
excitatory interneurons
sensory neurons
spinal motor neurons
neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion are referred to as
primary sensory neurons
upper motor neurons
interneurons
projection neurons
which condition is induced by presynaptic disorder of the neuromuscular synapse?
myasthenia gravis
tetanus
tick paralysis
lower motor neuron disease most likely results in
hypertonia
hyperreflexia
muscle atrophy
fibers of the middle cerebellar peduncle originate from the
olivary nucleus
reticular formation
pontine nuclei
red nucleus
myotatic hyperreflexia can be induced by a lesion of the
lower motor neurons
upper motor neurons
the corticospinal tract
is the only output projection from the cerebral cortex
is important for voluntary control of fine movements of limbs
extends only to the upper cervical region of the spinal cord
is not involved in proprioceptive reflexes such as the placing reflex
which of the following statements about lower motor neurons is true
lower motor neurons reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
lower motor neurons excite or inhibit skeletal muscle via interneurons
lower motor neurons are under the control of upper motor neurons
death of lower motor neurons leads to hyperreflexia
the alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord are classified as
upper motor neurons
interneurons
lower motor neurons
interneurons in the spinal cord are
another name for upper motor neurons
always excitatory
always inhibited by upper motor neurons
either excitatory or inhibitory
a tract that carries motor information is the
spinomedullary tract
spinothalamic tract
corticospinal tract
fasciculus cuneatus
A dog presents with hypertonic thoracic and pelvic limbs and a stiff gait. This presentation could be explained by:
the dog has a spinal cord lesion in the lateral funiculus above C6
the dog has been exposed to a toxin that affects neuromuscular junctions
the dog has been exposed to a toxin that affects Renshaw cells in the spinal cord
the dog suffered from a female tick bite and was exposed to the toxin that affects neuromuscular junctions
Which of the following statements about maintenance of posture is not true?
maintenance of posture requires tonic excitation to flexor muscles
the stretch reflex plays an important role in maintenance of posture
maintenance of posture integrates information from the vestibular system to keep an individuals center of gravity aligned with the axis of the body
maintenance of posture is a constant battle against gravity
choose the statement that most correctly describes descending motor tracts
the pyramidal decussation is where the reticulospinal tract crosses the midline
the corticospinal tract forms part of both the crus cerebri and the pyramids
the pyramids include both the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts
the corticonuclear tract is a key tract for maintenance of posture
Which of the following is true about motor neuron disease?
upper motor neuron disease may present with flaccid paralysis because descending tracts are interrupted
lower motor neuron disease may present with hypertonia and hyperreflexia
with upper motor neuron disease, local spinal reflexes may still be present
with upper motor neuron disease, local central pattern generators cannot operate
A dog presents with paralysis in the left pelvic limb, but the affected limb shows the quadriceps reflex and pain sensation. Which of the following is most likely the location of the lesion?
T2-T5; bilateral
L4-S1; right side
T3-T5; left side
L4-S1; left side
The left thoracic limb fails the proprioceptive positioning test, but pain sensation and myotatic reflex are all present in that limb. The lesion is most likely present in the left side of cord segments C6-T1 involving the:
dorsal horn
ventral horn
dorsal funiculus
lateral funiculus
Maintenance of posture (the battle against gravity) is dependent upon descending tracts that run in the _________ funiculus
dorsal
lateral
ventral
Which condition is induced by a toxin that prevents the release of neurotransmitter from inhibitory interneurons?
tetanus
myasthenia gravis
tick paralysis
Massive hemorrhage in the midbrain tegmentum is most likely to induce:
hyporeflexia of the thoracic and pelvic limbs
hydrocephalus
coma
paresis
A dog has a lesion in the right half of the spinal cord from L4-S2. Which of the following statements best describes the clinical presentation you would expect to see in this animal?
normal reflex of the right thoracic limb, hyperreflexia of the right pelvic limb
normal reflex of the right thoracic limb, areflexia of the right pelvic limb
areflexia of the right thoracic limb, hyperreflexia of the right pelvic limb
areflexia of the right thoracic and pelvic limbs
Which statement is correct?
myasthenia gravis is caused by the antibody that prevents Ach release at the neuromuscular synapses
tetanus is caused by the tetanus toxin that prevents the release of glycine from inhibitory interneurons
tick paralysis is caused by the toxin that prevents Ach from binding to AChRs
