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ESC 1000 Module 1 Review

Total questions: 47

Worksheet time: 56mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Rock formed from sediments, such as sand, pebbles, shells and remains of dead plants / animals; often deposited in layers

a)

Regolith

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Igneous Rock

d)

Metamorphic Rock

2.

Rock formed from liquid molten rock (lava or magma) that cools slowly and hardens. Found near volcanoes and fissures; can have crystals.

a)

Metamorphic Rock

b)

Igneous Rock

c)

Sedimentary Rock

d)

Regolith Rock

3.

Fossils (the remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms preserved in petrified form or as molds or casts) are found in ___________ rocks only.

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Iron Oxide

4.

The process necessary to form a metamorphic rock:

a)

uplift, weathering, erosion

b)

heat and or pressure

c)

burial and cementation

d)

compaction

5.

_________ rocks harden into rock layers due to pressure of water and weight of more sediments.

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Igneous

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Volcanic

6.

Physical and chemical process that transforms sediments into sedimentary rocks, due to increasing pressure and temperature is:

a)

crystalization

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

lithification

7.

Sedimentary rocks are broken down by:

a)

lithification

b)

weathering

c)

erosion

d)

plants and animals

8.

Limestone is a(n) ________ rock.

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

cemented

d)

metamorphic

9.

Basalt is a(n) _______ rock:

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

cemented

d)

metamorphic

10.

Intrusive & extrusive are 2 types of...

a)

sedimentary

b)

metamorphic

c)

Igneous

11.

            Which of the following is NOT considered a terrestrial-planet?

a)

Mars

b)

Venus

c)

Neptune

d)

Mercury

12.

The largest of the terrestrial planets is

a)

Jupiter

b)

Earth

c)

Mars

d)

Uranus

13.

Which of the Jovian planets have rings?

a)

only Saturn and Jupiter

b)

Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune

c)

only Saturn and Neptune

d)

only Saturn, Jupiter, and Uranus

14.

This type of planet is very cold and Icy

a)

Terrestrial

b)

Jovian

15.

These planets are often called "gas giants" or "ice giants"

a)

terrestrial

b)

jovian

16.

What are the names of ALL parts of the geologic time scale in correct order from broadest to narrowest?

a)

era, period, eon

b)

eon, era, period, epoch

c)

era, eon, epoch, period

d)

eon, era, epoch, period

17.

What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?

a)

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

b)

Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian

d)

Mesozoic, Pre-Cambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

18.

Which era is the most recent, the one that we are currently in?

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Precambrian

19.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
20.

A model scientists use to describe the timing of events and the relationships between those events in earth’s history.

a)

geologic time scale

b)

era

c)

period

d)

epoch

21.
 The Quaternary period, where humans first appeared, is in the Mesozoic era.
a)
True
b)
False
22.
Paleontologists infer that the earth is approximately how many years old?
a)
4.5 million years
b)
450 million years
c)
450 billion years
d)
4.5 billion years
23.
The geologic time scale is a record of....
a)
the history of fossils only
b)
the history of rocks
c)
the history of rock layers and fossils
d)
geologist notes
24.

The term _____________ means “ancient life”.

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Cambrian

25.

The ____________ Era is known as the era of recent life.

a)

Mesozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Cenozoic

d)

Cambrian

26.

Periods are subdivided into shorter time division called ______________.

a)

Eons

b)

Eras

c)

Period

d)

Epochs

27.

The coal we burn today developed from plants during the carboniferous period. How long ago was that?

a)

4.0 Ga (billion years ago)

b)

252 - 541 Ma (millions years ago)

c)

66 - 252 Ma (millions years ago)

d)

11.8 Ka (thousand) - 66 Ma (millions years ago)

28.
How does the law of crosscutting explain the age of a fault?
a)
The fault is younger than the rocks above it.
b)
The fault is younger than the rocks it cuts through.
c)
The fault is older than the rocks above it.
d)
The fault is older than the rocks it cuts through.
29.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
30.

How do sedimentary rock layers usually form?

a)

Vertically

b)

Diagonally

c)

Folding

d)

Horizontally

31.

Which of the following are characteristics of a mineral?

a)

natural

b)

crystalline structure

c)

solid

d)

all of the above

32.

Which of the following do NOT classify as a mineral because they don't meet all 5 characteristics?

a)

coal

b)

wood

c)

salt

d)

quartz

33.

If a mineral breaks along flat surfaces, it demonstrates this property.

a)

color

b)

streak

c)

luster

d)

cleavage

34.

If a mineral is said to be "metallic", this is a description of its:

a)

color

b)

streak

c)

luster

d)

cleavage

35.

This mineral identification property is the most easily observed, but the least reliable.

a)

color

b)

streak

c)

luster

d)

cleavage

36.

If a mineral is gold in color, but the powdered color is rusty brown, this is an example of its:

a)

color

b)

streak

c)

luster

d)

cleavage

37.
Diamond has a hardness of ___ on Mohs Hardness Scale.
a)
1
b)
5
c)
8
d)
10
38.
Why is coal not a mineral?
a)
It's not a solid
b)
It is man-made
c)
It is not inorganic
d)
It is made of carbon
39.
A mineral breaks into pieces like are shown in the picture. How would you describe its breakage?
a)
Fracture
b)
Cleavage
c)
Glassy
d)
Waxy
40.
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its...
a)
era
b)
age
c)
half-life
d)
eon
41.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
42.
Which of these must happen first for a fossil to form?
a)
a plant or animal is covered by sediment
b)
sediments fill a mold and form a cast
c)
a plant or animal is eaten
d)
sediments are pressed together and harden
43.

A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another.

a)

Fault

b)

Boundary

c)

Fissure

d)

Rockslide

44.
How have the rocks been disturbed?
a)
tilting
b)
folding
c)
faulting
d)
igneous intrusion
45.

An _________ is igneous rock that forms when magma is injected into rock and then cools and becomes hard.

a)

Folding

b)

Intrusion

c)

Tilting

46.

The diagram shows fossils and rock features...

Which is younger than the clam fossil?

a)

Layer Z

b)

Broadleaf

c)

Reptile bone

d)

Intrusion X

47.

Which layer is an igneous intrusion?

a)

I

b)

R

c)

F

d)

H

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