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WorksheetsHuman Anatomy & Physiology
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 5hrs 30mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Water is the most abundant molecule found in living organisms. Most mammals, in fact are approximately 70% water by weight. About two-thirds of this water is present inside cells. The other one-third is present outside cells (e.g., in blood plasma or other body fluids). Why is water so important to cells?
a)
Water is stored in the cells to be used when the organism gets thirsty.
b)
Almost all the chemical reactions in life processes occur in solutions with water.
c)
Water determines which proteins are translated from the cellular DNA.
d)
The main structural component found in plasma membranes and cell walls is water.
2.
Each enzyme produced by the body is
a)
specific-meaning it is only able to catalyze a reaction with a certain molecule.
b)
immature-meaning it cannot catalyze a reaction until many years later.
c)
open-meaning it is able to catalyze a reaction with any molecule.
d)
incomplete-meaning it requires other parts before it is able to bind to a molecule.
3.
Which of the following describes the role that enzymes play in the process of metabolism?
a)
Enzymes provide the chemical energy that is broken down and released during metabolism.
b)
Enzymes increase the rate of the chemical reactions carried out during metabolism.
c)
Enzymes store the chemical energy that is used to construct nucleic acids during metabolism.
d)
Enzymes carry the genetic instructions required for a cell to initiate metabolism.
4.
All living organisms contain carbon atoms. Which of the following is an important characteristic of carbon?
a)
Carbon atoms can bond with many other kinds of atoms to form very stable molecules.
b)
Carbon atoms can bond with any other atom, but they cannot form bonds with other carbon atoms.
c)
Carbon atoms are very stable and do not easily form bonds with other atoms.
d)
Carbon atoms are highly reactive and form unstable bonds with any available atom.
5.
Nucleic acids are one of the four major macromolecules. The main functions of nucleic acids are to
a)
store and transport energy and structural components in the cell.
b)
act as enzymes, cell signals, and structural support for the cell.
c)
carry genetic material and create structures inside the cell.
d)
aid in development, the immune system, and blood clotting.
6.
Protein molecules are composed of long chains of __________ .
a)
ribosomes
b)
RNA
c)
amino acids
d)
DNA
7.
Organic macromolecules called __________ are insoluble in water, are often found in biological membranes and other waterproof coverings, and have the ability to store energy for extended periods of time.
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids
c)
proteins
d)
nucleic acids
8.
Examine the diagram of the enzyme:
How does the structure of this enzyme help with its function?
How does the structure of this enzyme help with its function?
a)
The enzyme's shape complements the substrate's shape, so it only catalyzes specific reactions.
b)
The enzyme's active site is amorphous and can change its shape to fit any substrate.
c)
Since the enzyme's shape matches the substrate's shape, it catalyzes only reverse reactions.
d)
Since the enzyme is larger than the substrate, catalytic reactions can occur within the enzyme itself.
9.
Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a relatively stable internal environment. How would an organism's homeostasis be affected if it was not able to produce enzymes?
a)
Without enzymes, ribosomes would break down proteins, rather than build them.
b)
Without enzymes, biochemical reactions would cease completely.
c)
Without enzymes, chemical reactions would not occur quickly enough to sustain life.
d)
Without enzymes, the temperature inside cells would increase rapidly.
10.
Any factor that changes the shape of an enzyme can affect the enzyme's activity. Which of the following two factors affect an enzyme's operation the most?
a)
blood glucose level and pH
b)
temperature and pH
c)
amount of light and temperature
d)
amount of light and pressure
11.
The human body contains approximately 70% water by weight. Water is found inside and outside of cells, and it is able to carry nutrients into and around cells in addition to carrying wastes away from cells. Why is water able to do this?
a)
Water is a nonpolar covalent compound.
b)
Water is able to dissolve many substances.
c)
Water is an ionic solution.
d)
Water is very acidic.
12.
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a
a)
positive ion
b)
negative ion
c)
neutral ion
d)
neutral atom
13.
What two types of atoms make a covalent bond?
a)
2 Nonmetals
b)
1 Nonmetal and 1 Metal
c)
2 Metals
d)
2 Noble Gases
14.
What is matter composed of?
a)
Cells
b)
Atoms
15.
The central region of an atom where its neutrons and protons are is its _______.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Electron cloud
c)
Core
d)
Center
16.
The positive particles of an atom are
a)
Electrons
b)
Positrons
c)
Neutrons
d)
Protons
17.
Particles in an atom that are neutral and have no charge are ______.
a)
Negatrons
b)
Electrons
c)
Neutrons
d)
Protons
18.
The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are _____.
a)
Neutrons and electrons
b)
Electrons only
c)
Protons and neutrons
d)
Protons and electrons
19.
From the nucleotide on the right, which part is labeled 2?
a)
Sugar
b)
Phosphate
c)
Nitrogenous Base
d)
Phosphorous
20.
What pentose sugar does DNA use?
a)
Ribose
b)
Sucrose
c)
Amylose
d)
Deoxyribose
21.
When coiled together, DNA looks like a:
a)
Single Helix
b)
Double Helix
c)
Triple Helix
d)
Broken Ladder
22.
The backbone of DNA is made up of _______ & ________ units.
a)
sugar & base
b)
sugar & phosphate
c)
base & phosphate
d)
phosphate & phosphate
23.
Which of the following is the smallest unit of life that can carry out all life functions?
a)
the mitochondria
b)
the vacuoles
c)
the nucleus
d)
the cell
24.
Which structures are found in every living cell?
a)
cell membrane and cytoplasm
b)
chloroplasts and mitochondria
c)
a cell wall and nucleus
d)
chloroplasts and cell wall
25.
Cell organelles that are responsible for digesting food, worn out organelles and other cellular wastes are called ___________________.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Vacuoles
c)
Lysosomes
d)
Chlororplasts
26.
All cells need energy to function. Which cell organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)
nucleus
d)
vacuoles
27.
_ are organelles responsible for digesting certain materials within the cell.
a)
vacuoles
b)
chloroplasts
c)
lysosomes
d)
cell membrane
28.
What organelle of the cell produces energy?
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Vesicle
d)
Vacuole
29.
What kind of transport does not require energy?
a)
Active
b)
Vacuole
c)
Passive
d)
Na/K Pump
30.
What structure of the cell forms a frame that holds the cell up in the cytoplasm?
a)
centrioles
b)
cell wall
c)
flagella
d)
cytoskeleton
31.
What is facilitated diffusion?
a)
Transport that uses proteins to help move molecules across the membrane.
b)
Movements of substances through a membrane.
c)
When molecules spread from High to Low concentration on their own.
d)
When pressure pushes something through a membrane.
32.
What macromolecules help to make the cell membrane?
a)
Proteins
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Phospholipids
d)
All of the above
33.
This process uses pressure to push substances through the cell membrane.
a)
Filtration
b)
Active Transport
c)
Osmosis
d)
Endocytosis
34.
Which of the following is the best example of osmosis?
a)
NA/K Pump
b)
Water moving though the cell membrane
c)
Kidneys
d)
Photosynthesis
35.
What is the significance of the cell membrane?
a)
Provides protection
b)
Maintains homeostasis
c)
Give a cell hydrophobic ends
d)
Provides cholesterol
36.
The small intestines use filtration.
a)
True
b)
False
37.
Movement of materials through a vesicle into the cell that requires energy is
a)
exocytosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
osmosis
d)
simple diffusion
38.
What are the 2 parts of a phospholipid?
a)
Hydrophobic head, hydrophilic tails
b)
Hydrophobic heads, hydrophobic tails
c)
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
d)
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophilic tails
39.
Active transport does not require energy.
a)
True
b)
False
40.
Which of the following is correct about the Golgi?
a)
Digests waste materials
b)
Protection and Support
c)
Modifies and packages molecules
d)
cellular movement
41.
The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus and its contents.
a)
True
b)
False
42.
Molecules using simple diffusion move from
a)
high to low concentrations
b)
low to high concentrations
c)
no concentrations
d)
both concentrations
43.
Osmosis is the movement of...
a)
salt
b)
sugar
c)
water
d)
none of these
44.
The path that water molecules take into the cell is...
a)
through cholesterol
b)
between globular proteins
c)
between phospholipids
d)
through peripheral proteins
45.
Name the process in the diagram.
a)
Meiosis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Phagocytosis
46.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
a)
It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement.
b)
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms.
c)
It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord
d)
It is the first stage of mitosis
47.
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an even that results from mitosis but not meiosis?
a)
Two stages of cell division
b)
Replication of cellular genetic material
c)
Daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
d)
Four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell.
48.
Which of the following best describes cancer?
a)
absence of cyclins in the DNA
b)
Multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
c)
Uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle.
d)
Presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders.
49.
Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram below?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
50.
Brain cells are known to go through mitosis at a rapid pace due to constantly learning and development of skills. Which of the following is not a cell that can go through mitosis?
a)
Heart cell
b)
Toenail
c)
Sperm
d)
Liver cell
51.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
52.
Human eggs and sperm are _____, and each has ____ chromosomes.
a)
diploid, 23
b)
diploid, 46
c)
haploid, 23
d)
haploid, 46
53.
Another name for a sex cell is a:
a)
gamete
b)
embryo
c)
bone cell
d)
muscle cell
54.
The type of metabolic pathway where polymers are built and requires energy is
a)
an enzymatic response
b)
anabolic
55.
Enzymes are
a)
able to lower activation energy of chemical reactions
b)
able to increase the rate of biochemical reactions
c)
all of the choices are correct
56.
All of the chemical reactions taking place within cells is called
a)
catabolism
b)
anabolism
c)
metabolism
57.
Which of the following is not one of the four tissue types?
a)
Blood
b)
Connective
c)
Epithelial
d)
Nervous
58.
Where is epithelial tissue found?
a)
glands
b)
covering body surfaces
c)
lines organs
d)
all of the above
59.
Epithelial tissue regenerate really quickly
a)
True
b)
False
60.
This type of epithelium has only one layer of cells
a)
Stratified epithelium
b)
Simple epithelium
61.
What is the function of epithelial cells?
a)
Act as barriers between the external environment, or between organs and fluidfilled cavities
b)
Provide movement by pulling on bones
c)
Provide secretions which help to digest food
d)
Act as the messaging pathway between different areas of the body
62.
Which type of muscle tissue would line the intestines?
a)
Smooth
b)
Cardiac
c)
Skeletal
d)
Transitional
63.
Cells make up.....
a)
Tissues
b)
Organs
c)
Organ systems
d)
more cells
64.
Organs make up.....
a)
Tissues
b)
Organs
c)
Organ systems
d)
more cells
65.
Which of the following tissues binds everything together?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle
d)
Nervous
66.
Which of the following tissues lines the interior and exterior of organs?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle
d)
Nervous
67.
Which of the following tissues is made up of cells that contract when stimulated?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle
d)
Nervous
68.
Which of the following tissues is made up of cells that conduct impulses?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle
d)
Nervous
69.
What is the purpose of nervous tissue?
a)
send electrical signals
b)
strengthen muscle
c)
make blood cells
70.
What is the top layer of skin called?
a)
callus
b)
epidermis
c)
dermis
d)
hypodermis
71.
What layer of skin senses pain?
a)
callus
b)
epidermis
c)
dermis
d)
hypodermis
72.
What layer of skin connects to muscle and bone?
a)
callus
b)
epidermis
c)
dermis
d)
hypodermis
73.
Because Ms. Robinson rock climbs and applies friction to her hands frequently, she has...
a)
pores
b)
epidermis
c)
epithelial cells
d)
calluses
74.
First degree burns are not very serious because they only affect...
a)
the epidermis.
b)
the dermis.
c)
the hypodermis.
d)
the calluses.
75.
What type of cells and tissue make up skin?
a)
muscle
b)
bone
c)
epithelial
d)
epidermis
76.
The skull is an example of what type of joint?
a)
Cartilaginous
b)
Synovial
c)
Fibrous
77.
Name this joint
a)
gliding
b)
saddle
c)
hinge
d)
ball and socket
78.
The knee joint is a
a)
Hinge joint
b)
Gliding joint
c)
Ball and socket joint
d)
Pivot joint
79.
What are joints
a)
A place where one bone meets
b)
A place where two bones meet
c)
Bones don't meet
d)
A place where three bones meet
80.
What are the three types of joints in the human body?
a)
hinge, ball and socket, opposable thumb
b)
movement, protection, support
c)
hinge, ball and socket, gliding
d)
gliding joint, opposable thumb, articulate
81.
What ball and socket joint do you use when you throw a ball?
a)
shoulders
b)
hips
c)
elbow
d)
wrist
82.
Which joints in the human skeleton work in a similar way?
a)
hips and backbone
b)
elbows and shoulders
c)
toes and shoulders
d)
ankles and wrists
83.
Bones at fibrous joints are tightly fastened to each other by a layer of dense connective tissue with many collagenous fibers
a)
True
b)
False
84.
Check all correct answers
a)
Joints form wherever two bones meet
b)
Joints allow for bone growth, muscle contractions, and movement
c)
Joints are classified according to the type of tissue that binds the bones and degree of movement (function).
d)
Joints are only classified by function or degree of movement
85.
A layer of cartilage holds together bones of cartilaginous joints
a)
True
b)
False
86.
The elbow joint
a)
has several bursae associated with the shoulder
b)
is a ball-and-socket joint
c)
is a hinge joint between the humerus and the ulna and a plane joint between the humerus and the radius.
87.
The knee joint
a)
is between the a modified hinge joint between the femur and tibia and a plane joint between the femur and the patella
b)
is a ball-and-socket joint between the femur and tibia and a plane joint between the femur and the patella
c)
is a fibrous joint between the femur and tibia.
88.
Changes in the symphysis joints in the vertebral column over time
a)
have no effect
b)
increases flexibility
c)
diminishes flexibility and decreases height
89.
Synovial joints lose elasticity over time
a)
True
b)
False
90.
The knee cap, the flat sesamoid bone located in a tendon that passes anteriorly over the knee is also called
a)
femur
b)
tibia
c)
ulna
d)
patella
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