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Biology 2nd Semester Final Exam

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 4hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Name the two major parts of the central nervous system.

a)

The brain and the skull.

b)

The brain and the body.

c)

The spinal cord and the brain.

d)

The spinal cord and the body.

2.

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

a)

The brain and spinal cord.

b)

The central nervous system and the skeletal system.

c)

The central and peripheral nervous systems.

3.

The brain is made up of three major parts. What are they?

a)

The occipital lobe, the parietal lobe, and the frontal lobe.

b)

The spinal cord, the cerebrum, and the cerebellum.

c)

The brain stem, the cerebrum, and the cerebellum.

4.
The part of the neuron that receives signals is the:
a)
Axon
b)
Dendrite
c)
Axon Terminal
d)
Cell Body
5.

Identify the following phase of Mitosis.

a)

Cytokinesis

b)

Interphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Metaphase

6.

Identify the following phase of Mitosis.

a)

Anaphase

b)

Telophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Prophase

7.

In what organelle is the genetic material found inside?

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Golgi Complex

c)

Nucleolus

d)

Nucleus

8.

The longest phase of the cell cycle

a)

prophase

b)

interphase

c)

metaphase

d)

mitosis

9.
This picture shows which process? 
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
the cell cycle
10.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
11.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
12.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
13.

What is the complimentary strand for the following:

ATC--GAG

a)

TAC--GAG

b)

ATC--GAG

c)

TAG--CTG

d)

TAG--CTC

14.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

a)

a sugar, a hydrogen and a nitrogen base

b)

a sugar, an oxygen and a nitrogen base

c)

a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

d)

a sugar, a phosphate group and a protein

15.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Single helix
b)
Double helix
c)
Triple helix
d)
Double spiral
16.
What base does Guanine match up with?
a)
Cytosine
b)
Adenine
c)
Thymine
d)
Glycine
17.

What does mRNA do?

a)

provides information from DNA to ribosomes

b)

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

c)

makes up ribosomes

d)

builds proteins

18.

What does rRNA do?

a)

provides information from DNA to ribosomes

b)

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

c)

makes up ribosomes

d)

builds proteins

19.

What does tRNA do?

a)

provides information from DNA to ribosomes

b)

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes

c)

makes up ribosomes

d)

builds proteins

20.
What is the process that copies information from DNA into RNA?
a)
protein synthesis
b)
transcription
c)
translation
d)
DNA Polymerase
21.

If mRNA has the codon CUG, what is the tRNA anticodon?

a)

GAC

b)

GTC

c)

CTG

d)

CAG

22.

In DNA Adenine binds with Thymine, but in RNA what does Adenine bind with?

a)

uracil

b)

cytosine

c)

thymine

d)

adenine

23.
What are the 4 types of GERMS?
a)
parasite,ouchy,bug,animal
b)
parasite, fungi, animal,insect
c)
parasite,fungi,virus,bacteria
d)
bug,bird,goat,bear
24.

What is produced by B cells and designed to mark antigens for destruction?

a)

Antigens

b)

Active Immunity

c)

Antibodies

d)

Antibiotics

25.
Which would most likely prevent a cold virus from spreading in a classroom?
a)
tissue at a teacher's desk
b)
students wash hands regularly with soap 
c)
students shake hands regularly with each other
d)
students wipe desks with dry paper towels
26.

What micro-organism is responsible for causing disease?

a)

Pathogen

b)

Antibodies

c)

B-cells

d)

Lymphocyte

27.

Name 3 parts of the body that keep pathogens out ("The First Line of Defense").

a)

White blood cells, tears, T-cells

b)

Saliva, inflammation, Lymphocytes

c)

Skin, tears, saliva

d)

Mucous membranes, fever, B-cells

28.
What is the function of innate immune response?
a)
Act very rapid as a first line of defense to eliminate the infection
b)
Trap microbes so they cannot spread in our body freely
c)
Coordinate and support adaptive immunity
d)
All of the above
29.
What is the largest outer defense of the body?
a)
Stomach Acid 
b)
Mucous Membranes
c)
White Blood Cells
d)
Skin
30.
Meiosis results in the production of
a)
2 diploid cells
b)
2 haploid cells
c)
4 haploid cells
d)
4 diploid cells
31.

In what phase of meiosis do the homologous chromosome form a tetrad and exchange genetic information?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Telophase I & Cytokinesis

c)

Prophase I

d)

Anaphase II

32.

Most of the cells in the human body are produced by...

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

33.

Involves crossing over

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

34.

Forms gametes

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

35.

A gene located on the sex chromosome is...

a)

autosome

b)

sex-linked

c)

genetic disorder

d)

sex gene

36.

Complex inheritance pattern that occurs when neither allele is dominant and both alleles are expressed.

a)

Codominance

b)

Sex-linked trait

c)

Telomere

d)

Epitasis

37.
A person who has a recessive allele but does not express the trait.
a)
carrier
b)
donor
c)
receptor
d)
genome
38.
A genetic disorder in which a person's blood will not clot properly or not at all.
a)
hemophilia
b)
sickle-cell anemia
c)
cystic fibrosis
d)
hemocytosis
39.
A person with an XY chromosomes pattern will be
a)
a male
b)
tall
c)
smart
d)
athletic
40.
Heterozygous
a)
Tt
b)
TT
c)
tt
d)
00
41.
Homozygous recessive
a)
TT
b)
Tt
c)
tt
d)
AA
42.

The alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are both expressed with no blending.

a)

codominance

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

polygenic

d)

multiple alleles

43.

Neither allele is dominant. Heterozygote has a blended phenotype.

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

codominance

c)

multiple alleles

d)

sex linked

44.

What is the proper base pairing

a)

Adenine(A) and Guanine(G) Thymine(T) and Uracil(U)

b)

Adenine(A) and Thymine(T) Guanine(G) and Cytosine(C)

c)

Thymine(T) and Cytosine(C) Adenine(A) and Guanine(G)

d)

Thymine(T) and Adenine(A) Cytosine(C) and Guanine(G)

45.

____ is when members of a species that are best suited for their environment survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other members of the species

a)

Natural selection

b)

Artificial selection

c)

Speciation

d)

Adaptation

46.
Any inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment is called ___.
a)
a mutation
b)
an adaptation
c)
evolution
d)
natural selection
47.
The evolution of a new species from an existing species is ____.
a)
natural selection
b)
isolation
c)
speciation
d)
genetic variation
48.

Which of the following is considered a behavioral adaptation?

a)

Wolves hunting in packs

b)

Long trunks of elephants

c)

Birds wings that allow them to fly

d)

The white underbelly of a shark

49.
Which of the following can scientists use as evidence to support the theory of evolution?
a)
Vestigial Structures
b)
Environment
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Extinction
50.

When an organism has a trait that allows it to blend in with its environment, we call that ____.

a)

Mimicry

b)

Camouflage

c)

Lucky

d)

Generating

51.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
52.

Identify the displayed form of natural selection?

a)

Stabilizing Selection

b)

Directional Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

d)

the answer is not here

53.

What is Reproductive Isolation?

a)

When organisms reproduce.

b)

When populations need to reproduce.

c)

When organisms no longer reproduce and have fertile offsring

d)

When organisms produce many offspring.

54.
An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:
a)
Autotroph
b)
Producer
c)
Consumer
d)
Mutualist
55.

An illustration that uses arrows to show the MANY possible directions in which matter and energy can pass through the organisms in an ecosystem.

a)

Food chain

b)

Food web

c)

Energy Pyramid

d)

Succession Map

56.
What are the Abiotic factors in this image? 
a)
water, sunlight, dirt, air
b)
birds and plants
c)
birds, water, dirt
d)
plants, water
57.

Which of the following best defines an ecosystem?

a)

a group of species living in a given area

b)

all of the living and nonliving factors in an environment

c)

all of the species living in a given area

d)

the regions on Earth that can support life

58.

A volcanic eruption destroys all biotic organisms. Over the next few years, some small lichens (very small plants) began to colonize the remaining rock and soil. This is an example of which of the following?

a)

climax community

b)

secondary succession

c)

natural selection

d)

primary succession

59.

A food chain is represented below.

Phytoplankton -->Krill--> Mackerel--> Sea Gull

Which organisms in the food chain is a primary consumer?

a)

sea gull

b)

phytoplankton

c)

krill

d)

mackerel

60.

Which of the following human actions could have a positive impact on local ecosystems?

a)

clearing forests to make way for new farms

b)

using renewable resources

c)

producing waste during technology development

d)

increasing the use of pesticides to protect crops

61.

Which of these is the main source of energy on Earth?

a)

the Sun

b)

producers/plants

c)

consumers/animals

d)

decomposers/fungi

62.

Evaporation and Transpiration will most likely appear in which of these cycles?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Carbon

c)

Water

63.

Which of these are negative consequences of farming?

a)

Nitrogen/Fertilizer run off causing an algae bloom

b)

Loss of habitat for animal homes

c)

Loss of territory for animals to hunt

d)

Birds will be able to find seeds in fields

64.

Which two items are used to identify the type of biome?

a)

Temperature

b)

Precipitation

c)

Geology

d)

Animals that live there

65.

A relationship in which both species benefit is called...

a)

Parasitism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

66.

Limiting factors ...

a)

are resources that are in short supply and limit the size of a population.

b)

are a cause of too much nitrogen in the water.

c)

are hosts for parasites.

d)

only found in the jungle.

67.

Which of the following is a predator/prey relationship?

a)

Owls eating mice

b)

Bunnies eating shrubs

c)

Bears eating berries

d)

Worms eating decaying matter

68.

Which of the following is an example of secondary succession?

a)

An island emerging from the sea

b)

A farmland regrowing after a tornado

c)

A volcano spewing lava on land

d)

A glacier retreats to reveal new land

69.
What factor describes when populations increase because animals are moving into a population?
a)
Emigration
b)
Limiting Factors
c)
Immigration
d)
Exponential Growth
70.
Biome with plants and grasses, but no trees.
a)
grassland
b)
savannah
c)
taiga
d)
tundra

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