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Marine Science Unit 3

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Identify which factors limit the distribution of coral reefs.

a)

Temperature, Light, Nutrients, Turbidity

b)

Temperature, Light, Nutrients, Salinity

c)

Turbidity, Light, Nutrients, Salinity

d)

Temperature, Light, Turbidity, Salinity

2.

TRUE or FALSE: Substrate availability influences presence of corals over time

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

3.

The specific form of Calcium carbonate used by corals to form their skeleton is called:

a)

Calcite

b)

Vaterite

c)

Carbide

d)

Aragonite

4.

Identify a conclusion that can be drawn from the figure above.

a)

Calcification increases as the aragonite saturation state increases

b)

Calcification decreases as atmospheric Carbon dioxide increases

c)

There is no relationship between aragonite saturation state and calcification rates

d)

There is a strong correlation between calcification rates and aragonite saturation levels.

5.

How many years ago did corals appear in Australian waters? (enter the number only)

(a)  

6.

Formation of the Great Barrier Reef stabilised (a)   years BP.

7.

Coral reefs first appeared in the geological record:

a)

6500 Years Ago

b)

20 000 Years Ago

c)

250 MYA

d)

240 MYA

8.

Identify the possible types of reef structures from the list below:

a)

Tabletop

b)

Platform

c)

Fringing

d)

Edge

e)

Ribbon

9.

The reef shown in the figure above is known as a (a)   reef.

10.

Identify which is TRUE for fringing reefs:

a)

They form directly from the shore

b)

They are characterised by a deep lagoon region in between the shoreline and reef edge

c)

They are susceptible to offshore runoff and pollution

d)

The are formed as a result of volcanic activity

11.

From the images shown, identify which is a FRINGING REEF.

a)
b)
c)
d)
12.

Identify the zone shown at III in the figure shown.

a)

Lagoon

b)

Reef Flat

c)

Reef Crest

d)

Reef Slope

13.

The morphological group under which soft corals are classified is known as (a)  

14.

Reef forming corals are referred to as being:

a)

Sclerectinian

b)

Alcyonacean

c)

Hermatypic

d)

Ahermatypic

15.

Identify three characteristics of a Sclerectinian coral

a)

Tentacles in multiples of 8

b)

Presence of a limestone skeleton

c)

Occur as both colonial and solitary

d)

Skeletal remains present after death

16.

Identify the structure shown in the figure shown:

a)

Nematocyst

b)

Temtacle

c)

Axial corallite

d)

Radial polyp

17.

Identify which of the following correctly orders life stages of a coral:

a)

planulae larvae; gamete; zygote; polyp

b)

gamete; planulae larvae; zygote; polyp

c)

gamete; zygote; planulae larvae; polyp

d)

zygote; gamete; planulae larvae; polyp

18.
Why are reef-building corals limited to shallow waters? 
a)
Salinity varies less in shallow water
b)
Calcium carbonate is only available in shallow water
c)
Zooxanthellae need light for photosynthesis
d)
Nutrients concentrate in shallow water
19.
The expulsion of zooxanthellae due to unfavorable conditions is called
a)
Exudation
b)
Bleaching
c)
Decalcification
d)
Denudation
20.
Eutrophication is very detrimental to the development of coral because it increases
a)
The amount of nutrients in the water, hence providing the conditions for the overgrowth of algae
b)
The temperature of the water, which kills the corals
c)
The temperature of the water, which kills the zooxanthellae
d)
The salinity of the water, which kills the corals
21.
Generally, an important distinction between barrier and fringing reefs is that barrier reefs
a)
Are found only in the Pacific Ocean
b)
Develop farther away from land
c)
Are found only in the Caribbean
d)
Do not have a reef flat
22.

Identify the structure labelled (A) in the figure shown:

a)

Septa

b)

Nematocyst

c)

Coelenteron

d)

Tentacle

23.

How much study do you need to do to pass Marine Science?

a)

None. I got this.

b)

Meh. A last minute cram will do.

c)

Might be time I pulled me finger out.

d)

24-7 and then STILL not guaranteed a pass!!!!!

24.

Which of the following has NOT occurred due to increased levels of atmospheric Carbon dioxide over time?

a)

Increased carbon levels in oceans

b)

Reduced ocean pH

c)

Reduced available carbonate ions in sea water

d)

Reduced free Hydrogen ions in seawater

25.

The depth at which the rate of CaCO3 accumulation equals rate of dissolution is known as:

a)

Thermocline

b)

Acidification layer

c)

Carbonate compensation depth

d)

Level of dissolution

26.

Which is of the following is a characteristic of FIELD investigations?

a)

Easily able to control variables

b)

Able to artificially investigate future conditions

c)

Inexpensive when compared to laboratory investigations

d)

Provides results which consider complex interactions

27.

Observed decreases in coral cover on a fringing reef associated with eutrophication would likely be due to:

a)

Reduced light levels

b)

Increased Algae levels

c)

Increased levels of coral bleaching

d)

Increased frequency of coral disease

28.

Identify the morphology of the coral shown in the figure above.

a)

Massive

b)

Plate

c)

Encrusting

d)

Branching

29.

Below the CCD, carbonate:

a)

Partially dissolves

b)

Is saturated

c)

Fully dissolves

d)

Is preserved

30.

78% of burrowing clams were found to be liivng in amongst live hard corals. From this information, corals are habitat

a)

determiners

b)

responders

c)

modifiers

d)

formers

31.

Identify egocentric arguments for conservation of coral reefs:

a)

Aesthetic

b)

Economic

c)

Ecological

d)

Social

32.

TRUE or FALSE: Precautionary principal approach takes preventative measures even when scientific knowledge is uncertain.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

33.

Identify the SDI (2 DP) for the information provided using the formula   SDI = (∑n(n−1)/N(N−1))SDI\ =\ \left(\sum_{ }^{ }n\left(n-1\right)\text{/}N\left(N-1\right)\right)  

(a)  

34.

Identify which of the following are anthropogenic sources of atmospheric carbon:

a)

Burning of fossil fuels

b)

Farming and forestry

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Respiration

35.

Which of the following is NOT a method used by corals to reproduce:

a)

Sexual reproduction

b)

Budding

c)

Fragmentation

d)

Parthenogenesis

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