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WorksheetsGenetic Technology (801)
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 18mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What technique is used to produce many copies of a DNA sequence from a very small quantity
a)
Gel Electrophoresis
b)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
c)
Gene Therapy
d)
DNA replication
2.
Which of the following DOES NOT explain the significance of carrying out PCR on DNA samples when doing genetic testing for an embryo or foetus?
a)
so that the DNA fragments will be visible on the gel
b)
the gene probes used to locate the DNA fragments will have many samples to bind to
c)
some of the DNA may get damaged during the PCR process
d)
only a small quantity of DNA sample can be obtained from the foetus/embryo and so it should be increased in quantity
3.
The enzyme used to treat DNA fragments before loading them on to the agarose gel for gel electrophoresis is …………………………
a)
Taq polymerase
b)
DNA polymerase
c)
Restriction endonuclease
d)
Restriction Exonuclease
4.
What causes DNA fragments to get separated during gel electrophoresis?
a)
the positive charge of the the DNA causes them to move at different rates through the electric field of the gel medium
b)
the negative charge of the DNA causes them to move at different rates through the electric field of the gel medium
c)
the different sizes of the DNA fragments causes them to move through the gel medium
d)
the electric field within the gel medium causes the DNA fragments to move through it at different rates
5.
Which DNA fragment will be closest to the positively charged pole of the gel plate?
a)
1500kbp fragment
b)
150kbp fragment
c)
1500bp fragment
d)
15kbp fragment
6.
Which DNA fragment will be closest to the negatively charged pole of the gel plate?
a)
1500kbp fragment
b)
150kbp fragment
c)
1500bp fragment
d)
15kbp fragment
7.
Which part of the DNA is responsible for its movement through the agarose gel
a)
the hydrogen bonds
b)
the phosphate groups
c)
the nitrogenous bases
d)
the phosphodiester bonds
8.
The optimum temperature for Taq polymerase
a)
95OC
b)
72OC
c)
79OC
d)
50OC
9.
What is the ideal temperature for annealing to occur
a)
95OC
b)
72OC
c)
79OC
d)
50OC
10.
PCR occurs in cycles and each cycle comprises of ………………………..
a)
3 stages
b)
5 stages
c)
7 stages
d)
2 stages
11.
The stages of PCR in the order of occurrence
(a)
12.
Which of the following distinguishes Taq polymerase from human DNA polymerase?
a)
It forms phosphodiester bonds
b)
it has active sites that can accommodate DNA nucleotides
c)
it has active sites that can accommodate RNA nucleotides
d)
It will produce more DNA per unit time
13.
Which of the following distinguishes Taq polymerase from human DNA polymerase?
a)
It is found in human cells
b)
it carries out formation of DNA
c)
It's activity follows the base pairing rule
d)
it works best at 72OC
14.
A PCR procedure started with 3 DNA fragments, how many fragments will be formed after 6 cycles
a)
729
b)
18
c)
64
d)
1129
15.
What components must be included with the DNA samples during PCR? (a) primers (b) nucleotides (c) Taq polymerase (d) DNA ligase (e) buffer solution
a)
a, b, c and e
b)
a, b, c, d, and e
c)
a, c, and e
d)
a, c, d, and e
16.
A PCR procedure started with one DNA fragments, how many fragments will be formed after 6 cycles
a)
729
b)
18
c)
64
d)
1129
17.
which bonds are broken during PCR and which bonds are formed?
a)
Hydrogen bonds are broken, phosphodiester bonds are formed
b)
Phosphodiester bonds are broken, hydrogen bonds are formed
c)
glycosidic bonds are formed, hydrogen bonds are broken
d)
helical bonds are broken, phosphodiester bonds are fomred
18.
Which ion is essential for facilitating annealing during PCR?
a)
Calcium ions
b)
Potassium ions
c)
Phosphate ions
d)
Chloride ions
19.
The ideal optimum pH for Taq polymerase to work best is ……………
a)
8.5
b)
9.6
c)
10.7
d)
7.4
20.
Primers are …………………………………….
a)
enzymatic DNA fragments that help initiate DNA annealing during PCR
b)
short DNA fragments that help initiate chain extension during PCR
c)
distorted DNA fragments that help initiate chain extension during PCR
d)
short DNA fragments that serve as binding sites for DNA polymerase during PCR
21.
What distinguises the nucleotides used during PCR from those found on the DNA?
a)
they are deoxynucleotides
b)
they have two extra phosphate groups
c)
they have three extra phosphate groups
d)
they lack OH groups on their carbon atom 3
22.
during gel electrophoresis, ……………………….. Is the medium through which the DNA travels
a)
electric current
b)
agarose gel
c)
electric gel
d)
agarose current
23.
Which feature DOES NOT contribute to the process of separating DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis? (a) fragment size (b) presence of phosphate groups (c) presence of nitrogenous bases (d) electric field
a)
C and D
b)
C only
c)
B only
d)
B and C
24.
What cannot be separated by gel electrophoresis?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Proteins
d)
lipids
25.
What is the relationship between the distance travelled by DNA fragment and the size?
a)
Inversely proportional
b)
Directly proportional
c)
Partially proportional
d)
Irregular
26.
For proteins to move through the electric field within the agarose gel, the must first be labelled and treated with …………………………..
(a)
27.
The unit for size of DNA fragment is Kbp. What does it mean?
(a)
28.
Which cannot be used to stain DNA during gel electrophoresis?
a)
ethidium bromide
b)
methylene blue
c)
nile blue A
d)
methylene orange
29.
What is true about the identification features of DNA fragments stained with ethidium bromide
a)
they give blue color under UV light
b)
they give green color under UV light
c)
they give blue color under Xray
d)
they give green color under Xray
30.
Which two methods are used in identifying the location of DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis (a) use a gene probe (b) use ethidium bromide (c) use a primer (d) use a VNTR or a STR
a)
A and B
b)
A and C
c)
B and D
d)
C and D
31.
During gel electrophoresis, gene probe can be used to identify the location of the DNA fragments. Which of the following is/are true about the probe (a) it must be radioactively labelled or stained (b) it must have primers on it (c) it must be complimentary to a VNTR or a STR present on the fragments (d) it must be complimentary to the probe used to make the fragment (e) it must be complementary some unique sequence on one or more fragments
a)
A,C and D
b)
A, C and E
c)
A only
d)
A, B, C, E
32.
If 50 fragments are separated based on their sizes using gel electrophoresis, and one of the fragments needs to be identified, which of the following is the best tool to use?
a)
ethidium bromide
b)
Nile blue stain
c)
a probe specific to that fragment
d)
a primer specific for that fragment
33.
What is used to break up DNA molecules into fragments before gel electrophoresis
(a)
34.
During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move from where to where?
(a)
35.
Which of the following will be done during Gel Electrophoresis? (a) extract DNA sample from cells (b) digest DNA into fragments using restriction enzymes (c) coat the DNA with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (e) incubate the DNA with Taq polymerase (f) label fragment a stain like Nile blue A
a)
A, B, C, F
b)
A, B and F
c)
A, B, D, E, F
d)
A, B, E, F
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