WorksheetsFinal Exam Prep
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 38mins
The law of multiple proportions
All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
There is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another.
when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers.
Law of definite proportions or the law of constant composition
All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
There is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another.
when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers.
the law of conservation of matter
All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
There is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another.
when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers.
Which of the following apply to extensive properties?
Depends on the amount of matter present.
Does not depend on the amount of matter present.
Examples: density, temperature
Examples: mass, volume, heat
Which of the following apply to intensive properties?
Depends on the amount of matter present.
Does not depend on the amount of matter present.
Examples: density, temperature
Examples: mass, volume, heat
[BLANK] is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition.
chemical property
physical property
The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change) is a [BLANK].
chemical property
physical property
[BLANK] exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout. Another name is a solution.
homogenous mixture
heterogeneous mixture
[BLANK] has a composition that varies from point to point.
homogenous mixture
heterogeneous mixture
Which compounds would you expect to be ionic: NaF, H20, N20, Li2O?
NaF
H20
N20
Li2O
Which compounds would you expect to be molecular: NaF, H20, N20, Li2O?
NaF
H20
N20
Li2O
What does the “ite” suffix on a polyatomic ion indicate?
That there is one less oxygen than the polyatomic ion with the suffix “ate.”
That there is one more oxygen than the polyatomic ion with the suffix “ate.”
That there is the same number of oxygen as the polyatomic ion with the suffix “ate.”
The [BLANK] of an element in a compound is the charge its atoms would possess if the compound was ionic.
Isotope number
Reduction number
Oxidation number
Atomic charge number
[Check all that apply] Oxidation is the what?
gain of electrons
loss of electrons
increase in oxidation number
decrease in oxidation number
[Check all that apply] Reduction is what?
gain of electrons
loss of electrons
increase in oxidation number
decrease in oxidation number
A [BLANK] is a specific type of acid-base reaction in which the reactants are an acid and a base, the products are often a salt and water, and neither reactant is the water itself.
Redox reaction
Neutralization reaction
Combustion reactions
Single-displacement (replacement) reactions
[BLANK] are reactions in which an ion in solution is displaced via the oxidation of a metallic element.
Redox reaction
Neutralization reaction
Combustion reactions
Single-displacement (replacement) reactions
[BLANK] are those in which one or more elements involved undergo a change in oxidation number.
Redox reaction
Neutralization reaction
Combustion reactions
Single-displacement (replacement) reactions
[BLANK] in which the reductant (also called a fuel) and the oxidant (often, but not necessarily, molecular oxygen) react vigorously and produce significant amounts of heat, and often light, in the form of a flame.
Redox reaction
Neutralization reaction
Combustion reactions
Single-displacement (replacement) reactions
A weak base...
Reacts completely
Reacts partially
Reacts spontaneously
Does not react
A strong base...
Reacts completely
Reacts partially
Reacts spontaneously
Does not react
A weak acid...
Reacts completely
Reacts partially
Reacts spontaneously
Does not react
A strong acid...
Reacts completely
Reacts partially
Reacts spontaneously
Does not react
If a compound has a hydroxide ion and a barium ion is it soluble or insoluble?
Soluble
Insoluble
If a compound has a group 17 ion of silver and a nonmetal ion is it soluble or insoluble?
Soluble
Insoluble
What kind of reaction has occurs when a dissolved reactant results in one or more solid products?
Precipitation Reaction
Combustion Reaction
Redox Reaction
Decomposition Reaction
Ionic Reaction
When q is negative the reaction is?
Exothermic
Endothermic
When q is postitive the reaction is?
Exothermic
Endothermic
[Check all that apply] Endothermic:
Releases heat
Absorbs heat
Feels hot
Feels cold
[Check all that apply] Exothermic:
Releases heat
Absorbs heat
Feels hot
Feels cold
Solution containing a reactant of unknown amount or concentration.
Titrant
Analyte
Solution containing a known concentration of one reactant.
Titrant
Analyte
The determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample.
Quantitative Analysis
Gravimetric Analysis
Titrations
Involves two solutions: measuring the volume of titrant solution required for complete reaction with the analyte (the equivalence point of the titration) allows calculation of the analyte concentration.
Quantitative Analysis
Gravimetric Analysis
Titrations
A type of analysis in which a sample is subjected to some treatment that causes a change in the physical state of the analyte that permits its separation from the other components of the sample.
Quantitative Analysis
Gravimetric Analysis
Titrations
[Check all that apply] The actual yield is often less than the theoretical yield for a number of reasons, which are?
Difficult recovery of product
Difficult recovery of reactant
Competing side reactions
Incomplete reaction
The actual yield is never less than the theoretical yield.
The amount of product obtained is called the what?
Theoretical yield of the reaction
Actual yield of the reaction
The amount of product that may be produced by a reaction as calculated per the stoichiometry of an appropriate balanced chemical equation, is called the what?
Theoretical yield of the reaction
Actual yield of the reaction
The [BLANK] (ℓ) is an integer that defines the shape of the orbital.
Principle Quantum Number
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number
Spin Quantum Number
The [BLANK], ml, specifies the orientation of the orbital in space.
Principle Quantum Number
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number
Spin Quantum Number
The [BLANK] (ms) describes the electrons spin.
Principle Quantum Number
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number
Spin Quantum Number
The [BLANK] (n) determines the energy.
Principle Quantum Number
Angular Momentum Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number
Spin Quantum Number
When the atom [BLANK] energy as a photon, the electron moves from an orbit with a lower n to a higher n.
Absorbs
Emits
When an electron falls from an orbit with a higher n to a lower n, the atoms [BLANK] energy as a photon.
Absorbs
Emits
f orbitals are what shape?
Spherical shape
Dumbbell shape
Cylindrical shape
Cube shape
More complex.
d orbitals are what shape?
Spherical shape
Dumbbell shape
Cylindrical shape
Cube shape
More complex.
s orbitals are what shape?
Spherical shape
Dumbbell shape
Cylindrical shape
Cube shape
More complex.
p orbitals are what shape?
Spherical shape
Dumbbell shape
Cylindrical shape
Cube shape
More complex.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
No four electrons in the same atom can have exactly the same set of all four quantum numbers.
More than one electron can have the exact same quantum numbers.
No two electrons in the same atom can have exactly the same set of all four quantum numbers.
No electron can have any of the same quantum number in the same atom.
No electron can have any of the same quantum number.
What increases as the principal quantum number (n) increases?
Energy of atomic orbitals
Spin speed
Shape size
Magnetic pull
The energy of the orbitals increases within a shell in the order?
p < s < f < d
f < d < p < s
d < f < s < p
s < p < d < f
An anion (negatively charged ion) forms when one or more electrons are [BLANK] to a parent atom.
Removed
Added
A cation (positively charged ion) forms when one or more electrons are [BLANK] from an atom.
Removed
Added
A cation is always [BLANK] than the atom from which it is derived.
Smaller
Larger
An anion is always [BLANK] than the atom from which it is derived.
Smaller
Larger
The formation of chemical bonds is what kind of reaction?
The formation of chemical bonds results in the release of energy (endothermic process).
The formation of chemical bonds results in the release of energy (exothermic process).
The formation of chemical bonds results in the addition of energy (endothermic process).
The formation of chemical bonds results in the addition of energy (exothermic process).
The breaking of chemical bonds is what kind of reaction?
To break chemical bonds, energy must be released (endothermic process).
To break chemical bonds, energy must be released (exothermic process).
To break chemical bonds, energy must be added (endothermic process).
To break chemical bonds, energy must be added (exothermic process).
As the electronegativity difference increases between two atoms the more what the bond becomes?
Ionic
Covalent
When n = 3 what does ℓ, radial node, equal?
(a)
An electron configuration consists of symbols that contain three pieces of information:
The principal quantum shell.
The orbital orientation
The letter that designates the orbital type.
A superscript number that designates the number of electrons in that particular subshell.
An arrow indicating the spin of each electron
Which of the following atoms and ions is largest?
F-2
F+
Ta
Ta+
What are some differences between ionic and covalent compounds?
Ionic compounds have much lower melting and boiling pts
Covalent compounds have much lower melting and boiling pts
Ionic compounds tend to be insoluble in water
Covalent compounds tend to be poor conductors
[BLANK] is the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms.
Bond Distance (or Bond Length)
Bond Angle
VSEPR Model
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Structure
[BLANK] describes only the placement of the atoms in the molecule.
Bond Distance (or Bond Length)
Bond Angle
VSEPR Model
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Structure
[BLANK] is the angle between any two bonds that include a common atom.
Bond Distance (or Bond Length)
Bond Angle
VSEPR Model
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Structure
[BLANK] describes the placement of all electron pairs (bonded and unshared).
Bond Distance (or Bond Length)
Bond Angle
VSEPR Model
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Structure
[BLANK] is the valence electron pairs surrounding an atom repel one another. Consequently, the orbitals containing those electron pairs become oriented so that they are as far apart from each other as possible.
Bond Distance (or Bond Length)
Bond Angle
VSEPR Model
Electron Pair Geometry
Molecular Structure
Characteristics of Gases:
Physical properties of gases are all similar
Composed mainly of nonmetallic elements with simple formulas and low molar masses
gases expand to fill their containers
have extremely low densities.
Two or more gases form a homogeneous mixture.
Which four physical properties describe a gas:
Amount (moles, n)
Volume (V)
Mass (g)
Pressure (P)
Temperature (kelvins, T)
Amontons’s law also known as Gay-Lussac’s law:
P1T2 = P2T1
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
V1T2 = V2T1
P1V1 = P2V2
Charles’s law:
P1T2 = P2T1
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
V1T2 = V2T1
P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle’s law:
P1T2 = P2T1
P1V1T2 = P2V2T1
V1T2 = V2T1
P1V1 = P2V2
What happens to the density of a gas as the gas is heated in a constant-volume container?
no change
increases
Decreases
What happens to the density of a gas as the gas is compressed at constant temperature?
no change
increases
Decreases
What happens to the density of a gas as additional gas is added to a constant volume container?
no change
increases
Decreases
