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WorksheetsThe multi-store model of memory
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 58mins
The multi-store model of memory makes a distinction between the separate stores of memory. These include:
The sensory register
The visuo-spatial sketchpad
The phonological loop
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
The multi-store model of memory is an example of:
A theoretical model
A computer model
The MSM of memory describes how information passes through memory stores in a L (a) way.
The ____________ __________ refers to the first and most immediate form of memory we have.
(a)
Sensory information must be __________ for it to transfer from the sensory register to short-term memory.
Paid attention to
Rehearsed
Recalled
Which of the following are appropriate descriptions of short-term memory according to the MSM?
It is holds a small amount of information
It holds information in an active and readily available state
It is the information we are consciously thinking about
Information is retained in short-term memory through elaborative rehearsal
Holds memories indefinitely
(a) rehearsal involves repeating information over and over again. This helps to keep it in short-term memory but can also help transfer it to long-term memory of rehearsed enough.
________-________ memory holds information indefinitely.
(a)
Information in LTM can be brought back into STM through:
Retrieval
Maintenance rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
The rehearsal loop
(a) refers to the way in which information is stored in memory.
Coding refers to the way in which information is ________ in memory
Stored
Rehearsed
Forgotten
Misplaced
If information was coded acoustically, it means it was stored by:
How it sounds
How it looks
What it means
If information was coded semantically, it means it was stored by:
How it sounds
How it looks
What it means
(a) refers to the amount of information that can be held in memory.
(a) refers to the length of time information can be held in memory.
Coding of information in the sensory register is:
Modality-specific
Acoustic
Semantic
The echoic store in the sensory register is where:
Visual information is coded visually
Auditory information is coded acoustically
One similarity between the sensory register and long-term memory is that:
They can both last indefinitely (forever)
They have an unlimited capacity
They code information semantically
One similarity between the sensory register and short-term memory is that:
They have an unlimited capacity
They have a short duration
They only code information in an acoustic form
Information in this store is stored in a raw, unprocessed form.
The sensory register
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Information in the sensory register last for approximately (a) milliseconds.
Sperling (1960) found that:
The sensory register has a large capacity but a short duration.
Short-term memories are coded acoustically whole long-term memories are coded semantically.
The capacity of short-term memory is about 7+/-2
Which of the following was used by Sperling (1960) to investigate the capacity and duration of the sensory register?
A 3x4 letter grid
Consonant trigrams
The digit span test
When investigating the capacity of the sensory register, Sperling found that when a tone was played to indicate the row to which recall letters from a 3x4 grid, participants could recall:
3 out of the 4 letters
1 out of the 4 letters
All 4 of the letters
Short-term memories are coded (a)
There may be confusion when recalling short-term memories that are:
Acoustically similar
Semantically similar
Long-term memories are coded (a)
There may be confusion when recalling long-term memories that are:
Acoustically similar
Semantically similar
Baddeley investigated:
The coding of STM and LTM
The duration of LTM
The capacity of STM
Baddeley’s study into the coding of STM and LTM involved participants recalling information:
Either after 20 seconds or 20 minutes
At 3 second intervals
After 50 milliseconds
In Baddeley’s study, when participants recalled words 20 seconds after their presentation, which category of words caused the most confusion?
Acoustically similar words
Semantically similar words
Acoustically dissimilar words
Semantically dissimilar words
In Baddeley’s study, when participants recalled words 20 minutes after their presentation, which category of words caused the most confusion?
Acoustically similar words
Semantically similar words
Acoustically dissimilar words
Semantically dissimilar words
Baddeley’s study found that:
STMs are coded acoustically while LTMs are coded semantically
STMs are coded semantically while LTMs are coded acoustically
STM has a limited capacity while LTM has an unlimited capacity
STM as an unlimited capacity while LTM has a limited capacity
The capacity of STM is:
7+/-2
5+/-2
9+/-2
Unlimited
The capacity of STM can be increased by:
Using elaborative rehearsal
Using maintenance rehearsal
Chunking information
Which of the following was used by Jacobs (1887) to investigate the capacity of STM?
A 3x4 letter grid
Consonant trigrams
The digit span test
Jacobs used the digit span test to measure the capacity of STM. This involves:
Gradually increasing the number of digits that participants have to recall
Displaying 12 digits and seeing how many participants could recall.
Measuring how long participants could remember a series of digits
Through the digit span test, Jacobs (1887) found that most people can recall between:
5-9 items
5-7 items
7-9 items
Wagenaar tested his recall of 2,400 events he had written in his diary over a number of years. This suggests:
STM has a very large capacity
LTM has a very large capacity
LTM has a short duration
STM has a long duration
Short-term memories last for approximately:
18-30 seconds
20-40 seconds
13-25 seconds
15-45 seconds
Duration of short-term memories can be extended by:
verbally rehearsing information through the rehearsal loop
chunking information
coding information acoustically
Peterson and Peterson investigated the duration of short-term memory using:
Consonant trigrams
The digit span test
When investigating the duration of STM, Peterson and Peterson prevented rehearsal by:
Asking participants to count backwards
Asking participants to sing a song
Asking participants to read some text
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from Bahrick et al.'s research into the duration of long-term memory?
Participants who graduated more recently were better at naming their old classmates.
Participants tested many years after graduation were able to match most names to faces.
LTMs can last for a lifetime but may require retrieval cues
Participants tested many years after graduation were better at naming old classmates than matching their names to their faces
Which of the following would apply to the sensory register?
Coding is modality specific
Capacity is unlimited
Duration is approx 250ms
Duration is approx 18-30s
Capacity is limited to 7+/-2 items
Which of the following would apply to short-term memory?
Duration is approx 250ms
Information is coded acoustically
Information is coded semantically
Duration is approx 18-30s
Capacity is limited to 7+/-2 items
Which of the following would apply to long-term memory?
Duration is potentially a lifetime
Information is coded acoustically
Information is coded semantically
Capacity is unlimited
Coding is modality specific
The sensory register has a duration of approximately (a)
STM has a duration of approximately (a)
STM has a capacity of (a) items
The case study of patient KF would suggest the MSM's idea of STM is oversimplified. Which statement is true about KF?
KF's STM for digits was very poor when he said them aloud but much better when he was able to read the digits to himself in his head
KF's STM for digits was very poor when he read them to himself in his head but much better when he said them aloud
The case study of KF suggests the MSM's idea of STM is oversimplified because:
It suggests there must be separate stores of STM memory rather than it being a unitary store
It suggests STM must be a unitary store rather than having separate stores
KF's better recall of digits when reading them to himself in his head in comparison to saying them aloud suggests:
There must be one STM to process visual information and one STM to process auditory information
The MSM is oversimplified for proposing a unitary STM rather than multiple stores of STM
The working memory model is a more accurate model for STM
The MSM accurately describes the complexity of STM
The working memory model provides a more accurate model for:
The sensory register
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Which of the following statements about Clive Wearing are true?
His procedural memory was intact
His semantic memory was impaired
His case suggests the MSM oversimplified LTM
His case suggests the MSM oversimplified STM
There is more than one type of LTM
Researchers have argued that the MSM was incorrect in stating maintenance rehearsal transfered STMs to LTMs. Instead (a) rehearsal is more effective.
Patient KF showed impaired STM but intact LTM memory. This questions:
The MSM as a linear model of memory
The MSM's proposal of different stores of memory
According to the MSM of memory, sensory information first enters:
the sensory register
STM
LTM
