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Unit I History and Approaches AP Psychology Baxer

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 41mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which philosopher is most well known for theorizing that the mind at birth is tabula rasa or a “blank slate”?
a)
Plato
b)
John Locke
c)
René Descartes
d)
Aristotle
2.
The first psychological laboratory was established by
a)
John Watson
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
3.

This subfield of psychology focuses on how we view and affect one another. They study such topics as obedience, conformity, and crowd behavior.

a)

Psychometric psychologists

b)

Human factors psychologists

c)

Social psychologists

d)

Community psychologists

4.
In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on ________, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on ________.
a)
evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings; self-reports of immediate physical sensations
b)
observable behavior; the way we perceive, process, and remember information
c)
childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential
d)
introspective reports of immediate sensations; empirical research relying on observation and experimentation
5.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of
a)
genetic predispositions.
b)
healthy growth potential.
c)
unconscious thoughts.
d)
punishment and reinforcement.
6.
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the scientific study of
a)
thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
b)
behavior and mental processes.
c)
conscious and unconscious mental activity.
d)
observable responses to the environment.
7.
Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of
a)
evolution versus natural selection.
b)
evolution versus natural selection.
c)
structuralism versus functionalism.
d)
nature versus nurture.
8.
Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?
a)
psychodynamic
b)
biological
c)
behavioral
d)
evolutionary
9.
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
a)
people try to understand their own unconscious motives.
b)
feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
c)
people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
d)
how behaviors and thinking vary across cultures.
10.
Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.
a)
social-cultural
b)
behavioral
c)
cognitive
d)
evolutionary
11.
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
a)
natural selection.
b)
learned 
c)
unconscious conflicts.
d)
introspection.
12.
Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
a)
biological
b)
evolutionary
c)
humanistic
d)
behavioral
13.
Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
a)
behavioral
b)
evolutionary
c)
biological
d)
socio-cultural
14.
Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.
a)
developmental
b)
social
c)
industrial-organizational
d)
clinical
15.
Dr. Ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ochoa's work best represent?
a)
biological psychology
b)
industrial-organizational psychology
c)
developmental psychology
d)
psychiatry
16.
Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders?
a)
biological psychology
b)
personality psychology
c)
clinical psychology
d)
social psychology
17.
Having the patient be self-reflective (looking inward), and training them to report elements of their experience.  
a)
structuralism
b)
introspection
c)
functionalism
d)
psychometrics
18.
In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of 
a)
 mental processes. 
b)
unconscious motives.
c)
learned behaviors.
d)
evolutionary influences.
19.
The most adaptive behaviors are the ones most likely to grow stronger and become habitual.
a)
Wilhelm Wundt 
b)
Francis Galton
c)
William James 
d)
Sigmund Freud 
20.
Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
a)
Jean Piaget 
b)
Rosalie Rayner
c)
Mary Calkins
d)
Margaret Washburn
21.
Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.?
a)
Jean Piaget
b)
Rosalie Rayner 
c)
 Mary Calkins
d)
Margaret Washburn
22.
Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?  
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
 John B. Watson
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
23.
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the 
a)
struggles with unconscious drives and conflicts.
b)
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
c)
treatment of psychological disorders. 
d)
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions.
24.

The practice of drilling holes in a person's skull to release "evil spirits."

a)

lobotomy

b)

trephination

c)

phrenology

d)

skull mapping

25.
The notion that the mind and body are separate and distinct.
a)
monolism
b)
dualism
c)
funtionalism
d)
structuralism 
26.

Philosopher that proposed that the mind and body were separate and distinct from each other.

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

John Locke

c)

Aristotle

d)

Rene Descartes

27.

Of the following, who is associated with the Behaviorist school of psychology?

a)

Watson

b)

James

c)

Titchener

d)

Wertheimer

e)

Freud

28.

By seeking to measure “atoms of the mind,” who

established the first psychology laboratory?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

John B. Watson

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

William James

29.

Which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture on our psychological traits?

a)

biopsychosocial

b)

cognitive

c)

humanistic

d)

social-cultural

e)

pyschodynamic

30.

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a(n)

a)

psychiatrist

b)

I/O psychologist

c)

clinical psychologist

d)

biological psychologist

31.
Who influenced functionalism through their work on natural selection?
a)
Margaret Washburn
b)
Mary Calkins
c)
Edward Titchener
d)
Charles Darwin
32.
Who is the “father” of psychology?
a)
John Locke
b)
John B. Watson
c)
William Wundt
d)
Rene Descartes
33.
Which of the following approaches seems to lack the most scientific support, since it seems to rely on after the fact explanations about correlations about childhood experiences and adult personality?
a)
Behavioral
b)
Psychoanalysis
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Cognitive 
34.
Mark is afraid of flying in airplanes. Which type of psychologist would best be able to help him overcome his fears?
a)
industrial/organization
b)
rehabilitation
c)
health
d)
clinical
35.
What type of psychologist is most likely to wonder how the brain scans of someone experiencing an epileptic seizure differ from the scans of someone who has not had a seizure?
a)
clinical
b)
health
c)
developmental
d)
biological
36.
Dr. Jean Piaget (1952) showed 5-year-old children two identical glass beakers each containing the same amount of liquid. The children had no difficultly understanding that the amount of liquid was the same in both containers. However, when the liquid from one beaker was poured into a tall, thin beaker, the children mistakenly believed that the taller glass had more liquid. Dr. Piaget concluded that children at this age lack the ability to understand that volume remains the same even if its appearance changes. Dr. Piaget was most likely a(n):
a)
educational psychologist
b)
developmental psychologist
c)
social psychologist
d)
human-factors psychologist
37.
Carrie is struggling to balance her school, home, and social lives.  What type of psychologist would she go to for help?
a)
Clinical
b)
Counseling
c)
Cognitive
d)
Human Factors
38.
An imbalance of hormones can contribute to aggressive behavior.
a)
Biological perspective
b)
Psychodynamic perspective
c)
Humanistic perspective
d)
Cognitive perspective
39.
Which branch of psychology focuses on the mental processes of athletes?
a)
Counseling
b)
Personality
c)
Health
d)
Sports
40.

Which perspective says our unconscious drives, such as neurotic needs or birth order, childhood memories, and shape behavior?

a)

sociocultural

b)

psychodynamic

c)

behavioral

d)

humanistic

41.
Humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of 
a)
childhood memories.
b)
unconscious thoughts. 
c)
healthy growth potential.
d)
punishment and reinforcement.
42.
In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of 
a)
 mental processes. 
b)
unconscious motives.
c)
learned behaviors.
d)
evolutionary influences.
43.
This theory of psychology believes that we can reinvent ourselves and all have the potential to start over again.  
a)
psychoanalytic
b)
humanist 
c)
cognitive
d)
behaviorist
44.
This theory of psychology does not recognize free will when it comes to making decisions and believe we are mechanically constrolled by our environment.
a)
psychoanalytic
b)
humanist 
c)
cognitive
d)
behaviorist
45.

They evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

a)

clinical psychologists

b)

counseling psychologists

c)

developmental psychologists

d)

social psychologists

e)

psychiatrist

46.

They help people adapt to change or make changes in their lifestyle.

a)

Counseling psychologists

b)

Clinical psychologists

c)

Experimental psychologists

d)

Personality psychologists

e)

Forensic psychologists

47.

They focus on how effective teaching and learning take place.

a)

Educational psychologists

b)

Counseling psychologists

c)

Health psychologists

d)

Industrial/Organizational psychologists

e)

Social psychologists

48.

A therapist who says that she uses whatever psychological perspective “works best” for each patient might be best described as

a)

socioal-cultural

b)

hunaistic

c)

eclectic

d)

psychodynamic

e)

functionalist

49.

Psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences affect behavior.

a)

evolutionary

b)

humanistic

c)

behavioral

d)

socio-cultural

50.

Dr. Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help it retain its employees without lowering the firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their workroomas recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs else- where. Dr. Didden is most likely to be

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

industrial/organizational psychologist

d)

forensic psychologists

51.
Which approach to psychology focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information?
a)
biological
b)
cognitive
c)
evolutionary
d)
psychodynamic
52.
The first modern psychologist who was interested in the uncounsious minds was
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Francis Galton
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
Ivan Pavlov
53.

Ms. Bown uses her knowledge of a person's cognitive processes to design computer programs that are easier to use. Ms. Bown is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

a)

human factors

b)

developmental

c)

educational

d)

biological

54.
Which psychological perspective would be most interested in studying our brain structures & chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.?
a)
Biological
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Humanistic
55.

This psychological perspective evolved from the humanistic approach. It is empirically based and focuses on optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals to thrive?

a)

Evolutionary

b)

Developmental

c)

Positive Psychology

d)

Psychodynamic

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