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Worksheetsmatthew200499
Total questions: 209
Worksheet time: 3hrs 11mins
Which of the following are considered internal defenses? (there may be more than one correct answer)
Mucus
Inflammation
Tears
Hair
Tcells
Which of the following are considered internal defenses? (there may be more than one correct answer)
Mucus
Inflammation
Tears
Hair
Tcells
True/False: Your body cannot make antibodies for pathogens that you have never been in contact with.
True, because your body needs to encounter the pathogen at least once in order to create the antibodies.
False, because you can make antibodies via immunizations given by a doctor.
The immune system works with all of the following system EXCEPT...
the integumentary
the lymphatic
the muscular
the cardiovascular
What is the function of antibodies within the immune system?
Antibodies kill off any antigen that enters the body.
Antibodies are only made when you are given a vaccination for specific antigens.
Antibodies bind to specific antigens to flag for destruction.
Antibodies are part of an external defense mechanism.
Which of the following statements are TRUE about vaccinations?
Allow B cells to make antibodies for any type of antigen the body comes in contact with.
Triggers the body to make memory cells for specific pathogens.
They are substances prepared from killed or weakened pathogens.
Always allows the body to resist an infectious disease any time it comes into contact with it.
All of the following are examples of white blood cells EXCEPT
Killer T cells
Supporter T cells
Macrophage
Vaccine
B Cell
What happens after the second time you are exposed to a pathogen?
The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier.
The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure.
The body can only be exposed to a pathogen a second time if you do not have a vaccine.
The body will know how to fight off the pathogen quickly, because memory cells have been created after the first encounter.
Some examples of external defenses are...
Skin
Mucus
Inflammation
Saliva
Sweat
How do T cells differ from B cells?
T cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly, while B cells fight pathogens by making antibodies.
T cells only make memory cells, and B cells only make antigens
T cells fight pathogens by making antibodies, while B cells fight pathogens by killing pathogens directly.
T cells can only fight off pathogens the body has encountered once, and B cells can fight off any pathogen the body comes across.
Which of the following can challenge the immune system?
Allergies
Antibodies
Vaccines
Cancer
Macrophage
Which of the following statements is TRUE about someone's immune system that has allergies?
Body cells are dividing at an uncontrolled rate.
The body is reacting to foreign antigens that are not dangerous to most people.
T cells and B cells in the body cannot be activated.
The body is mistaking its own cells for foreign antigens.
Pathogens are...
Foreign substances that attack the body.
White blood cells that attack foreign substances that enter the body.
A type of internal defense mechanism in the immune system.
Proteins that cause disease.
Which system has the primary function of fighting disease?
circulatory
integumentary
immune
respiratory
Why might you become ill after visiting a friend who is sick with the flu?
The room your friend was in was too warm.
You ate the same kind of food your friend ate.
You did not dress properly.
The virus that causes the flu entered your body.
One of the most important functions of the skin is to
carry food to body cells.
protect the body.
help the body move.
let food into the body.
All of the following are contained within one human body system: spleen, bone marrow, lymph
nodes, thymus gland, and white blood cells circulating in the blood. What human body system
contains all of these components?
circulatory
endocrine
immune
integumentary
What is the body's first line of defense against disease?
skin
blood
antibodies
enzymes
This allows us to develop an artificial immunity to a disease without ever getting
sick from the disease.
antibiotics
vaccines
blood transfusions
When foreign material enters the body, one way the immune system responds is by
lowering the body temperature
producing excess red blood cells
shutting down the circulatory system
producing antibodies
One function of the skin is to
sense the environment
produce antibodies
provide oxygen
regulate blood flow
Where are white blood cells made?
Bone marrow
Red Blood Cells
Heart
Veins
What body system is most affected by viruses that cause colds or the flu?
digestive
respiratory
circulatory
immune
What role does our circulatory system have with regards to fighting infection?
circulates white blood cells to lymph to fight infection
circulates red blood cells and white blood cells to fight infection
circulates lymph and red blood cells to fight infection
What causes lymph nodes to become swollen when we have an infection?
increased red blood cells
increased white blood cells
increased T-cells
_______________________________ are white blood cells that fight infection by “eating” or engulfing pathogens.
T-cells
B-cells
Macrophages
_______________________ are white blood cells that produce antibodies.
B-Cells
T-Cells
Macrophages
How do antibodies function to fight infection?
They mark the cell for duplication
They mark the cell for reproduction
They mark the cell for death
How are vaccinations able to help us develop immunity?
Exposure to disease creates antibodies which make us immune
Exposure to antibodies which makes us the disease immune to us
Exposure to immunity's which make us antibodies to the disease
True Or False
The healthy human immune system responds to pathogens with both specific and nonspecific processes. Which of the following models represents a nonspecific response?
A 3 month old baby contracts a virus called whooping cough (pertussis) after receiving the first of a sequence of 3 necessary DPT vaccines designed to prevent 3 diseases (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus). The vaccines are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age to allow the body to develop specific immunity against these diseases. After the infant recovered from the disease, the doctor informed the parents that from now on the infant would only need the DT (diphtheria, tetanus) part of the vaccine. Why does the infant only need the DT vaccine?
The infant had the first of a series of vaccines which caused the disease
The infant had the pertussis disease and has already produced antibodies against the disease.
The infant had the first of a series of vaccines which protected him from getting the disease.
The infant had the pertussis disease and will get diphtheria in the future.
What is the term for a strong response to a harmless antigen in the environment?
An allergy
Cell-mediated immunity
An autoimmune disease
Inflammatory response
Many times people visit the doctor requesting antibiotics to treat colds and viral infections. How is the doctor justified in offering the patient treatment options that do not include antibiotics for these cases?
Colds and viruses should be first treated with viral therapies and then when the body begins to recover, antibiotics can be used. Otherwise, the use of antibiotics is not effective at all.
Side effects from antibiotics are severe when used for colds and viruses. Any use of antibiotics for colds and viruses will only make the patient more ill and ultimately make the patient's recovery time longer.
Antibiotics can weaken the immune system when used for colds and viruses, whereas other medications are not so hard on the immune system during these types of illnesses.
If a doctor provides an antibiotic to treat colds and viruses, any bacteria in the patient's body will be killed, but a few will survive. Those few survivors may become resistant to antibiotics needed for real bacterial illnesses.
An immune response that occurs in the human body is shown above. This activity helps to do which of the following?
Produce antibiotics to control disease
Provide protection against a specific pathogen
Provide protection against all types of pathogens
Eliminate harmful gene alterations
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?
The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.
The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.
What is the body's first line (non-specific) of defense against infection by foreign organisms?
antibodies
lymph nodes
white blood cells
the skin
White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body?
They produce antibodies.
They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells
They form a barrier against pathogens.
They engulf and destroy bacteria
Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?
antibodies to a disease bacterium
live, inactive viruses
weakened viruses or antigens from the virus
blood from a person who has had the disease
Which of the following describes a way that a person's health can be affected by heredity?
A person with a family history of obesity is more likely to catch a common cold.
A person with a family history of high blood pressure is more likely to have heart disease.
A person with a family history of obesity is less likely to enroll in a weight loss plan.
A person with a family history of cancer is less likely to be screened for cancer.
Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?
Antibiotics should no longer be used.
Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.
Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.
Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.
What organelle differentiate the plant cell from the animal cell ?
ribosome
Cell Wall
nucleus
mitochondria
In what domain should this organism be classified?
Eukarya
Bacteria
Prokaryote
Protista
What is the "big cell" that surrounds the pathogen and tells the t-cell what the antigens are?
Macrophage
Lymphocyte
Memory T and B cells
Antibodies
What is it called when capillaries widen in the infected area?
Lymphocyte
Antigen
Pathogen
Inflammation
These are important because they remember the pathogen for the future.
Macrophage
Lymphocyte
Memory T and B cells
Antibodies
What attaches to antigens and tags the pathogen for destruction?
Pathogen
Antibodies
B-cells
Lymphocyte
What is the molecule located on the outside of a pathogen that the immune system recognizes?
Lymphocyte
Antigen
Pathogen
Inflammation
What is a "specialized white blood cell"?
Pathogen
Antibodies
B-cells
Lymphocyte
What is the specific response targeting a specific pathogen?
Immune response
Antigen
Memory T and B cells
Antibodies
What cell is "in charge" and identifies the specific pathogen?
B-cells
Immune response
T-cells
Macrophage
What makes and releases antibodies?
Pathogen
B-cells
Lymphocyte
Antigen
What micro-organism is responsible for causing disease?
Pathogen
Antibodies
B-cells
Lymphocyte
T or F - Vaccines work be directly attacking the disease.
true
false
T or F - A good way to fight disease is to live a healthy lifestyle.
true
false
T or F - Viruses can be treated with antibiotics.
true
false
T or F - A fever can help you fight infection.
true
false
T or F - A pathogen is any living organism.
true
false
T or F - Diseases that can be spread from person to person are called non-communicable disease.
true
false
T or F - The type of pathogen that invades your cells and uses your cellular processes to make more copies of itself is a virus.
true
false
T or F - The type of pathogen that is both a living organism and produces toxins is bacteria.
true
false
T or F - An example of a fungus is a tapeworm.
true
false
Name 3 parts of the body that keep pathogens out ("The First Line of Defense").
White blood cells, tears, T-cells
Saliva, inflammation, Lymphocytes
Skin, tears, saliva
Mucous membranes, fever, B-cells
What type of cell produces antibodies?
macrophage
cytotoxic T cell
B cell
Helper T cell
Which of the following is NOT acquired
production of antibodies
helper T cell making memory cells
cytotoxic T cell killing infected body cell
creation of histamine during a splinter infection
Which cell is directly associated with killing infected body cells?
macrophage
helper T cell
cytotoxic T cell
B cell
How does your body determine which cell to kill?
looks at the DNA fingerprint by each cell
uses the marker proteins
talks to the helper T cell about what to destroy
the brain tells it which cells belong
Which of the following is NOT true of autoimmune diseases
the immune system targets "self"
the immune system has been deactivated
the immune system has over active cytotoxic T cells
mutliple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease
Getting antibodies from breast milk is an example of acquired immune response
True
False
Vaccines will trigger your body to make all of the following EXCEPT
antibodies
memory cells
white blood cells
red blood cells
What is an antigen?
a protein that triggers an immune response
"hand cuffs" for pathogen
substance made by B cells
chemical that makes the immune cells divide
Which cell will "eat" pathogens?
helper T cell
B cell
macrophage
cytotoxic T cell
Which cell will poke holes in cancer cells?
cytotoxic T cell
B cell
helper T cell
macrophage
Which cell does HIV attack?
macrophage
antibody
Helper T cell
B cell
Vaccinations will
give you a deadly disease
give you autism
give you memory cells
give you autoimmune diseases
Which of the following is NOT specific?
Helper T cell
Cytoxic T cell
B cell
Macrophage
White blood cell that attacks infected body cells
helper T
B cell
antibody
cytoxic T cell
Which is the most important thing used in the first line of defense?
macrophage
fever
skin
antigens
Each antibody is specifically made to attach to only one type of antigen
True
False
HIV is hard for the body to destroy because
it hides in the immune system
it hides in the nervous system
it makes a mucus coat around itself so the immune system can't reach it
it replicates faster than the immune system can respond
Lytic reproduction refers to viruses attaching their DNA with host DNA
true
false
Once you have Influenza A, you will never be sick from that specific pathogen again.
True
False
Antibiotics
only destroy bacteria
only destroy viruses
can destroy both bacteria and viruses
Specific immune response refers to the body going after only one type of antigen(pathogen)
true
False
What type of response is this
non specific, innate
nonspecific , adaptive
specific, innate
specific, adaptive
Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease
AIDS
Multiple Sclerosis
Celiac
Arhritis
Vaccines work because they
make your body produce memory cells
give you antibodies directly
give you hydration
give you the disease
Diseases are passed from human to human by these four types of pathogens:
Viruses, influenza, HIV, and vaccines
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
Viruses, cancers, mutagens, and DNA
Viruses, blood, pollutants, and symptoms
What is the lifespan of adaptive immunity (specific immunity)?
It only remains for a short time
It always lasts throughout the person's life
Its lifespan can be either lifelong or short
None of the above
What is an example of Artificial active immunity?
Vaccination
Natural infection
What do chemical barriers include?
Tears, breast milk, sweat, saliva, stomach acid
Tears, breast milk, sweat, stomach acid, and feces
Tears and urine
Hair, breast milk, sweat, saliva, stomach acid
The purpose of the immune system is to ....
a. help germs invade your body
c. make your nose run
b. fight of sickness
d. give your diarrhea
The immune system is made up of ....
a. tissues
c. cells
b. organs
d. all of the above
The four main types of germs are ....
a. viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi
b. viruses, parasites, fungi, and phagocytes
c. parasites, bacteria, lymphocytes, and fungi
d. small, medium, large, and extra large
Lymph nodes are found in the ....
a. neck
c. groin
b. armpits
d. all of the above
Is the first barrier against infection fight off all pathogens with no specific response.
Chemical barrier
Skin
Interferon
Component Proteins
Saliva, tears, and nasal secretion contain the enzyme lysozyme which breaks down bacterial cells walls therefore killing bacteria.
Chemical Barriers
Skin
Interferon
Component Proteins
Virus-infected cell secrete a protein named interferon, this protein will alert neighboring cells of the virus, these cell will produce antivirus in them to help prevent viruses infections.
Chemical Barriers
Skin
Interferon
Component Proteins
Is the enhance of the immune system in an area. The response include; blood vessel become more permeable, blood flow increases, number of white cells increases.
White cells
Interferon
Inflammatory Response
Blood Cells
Are a type of white cell that is produced in the red bone marrow but they mature in the thymus gland. There is a special kind of these cell called T-Cell
Erythrocytes
Lymphocytes
Blood Cell
Component Proteins
Are proteins produced by B-lymphocytes that specifically react with foreigns antigens.
Component Proteins
Antigen
Antibodies
Enzymes
Is a substance foreign to the body that causes an immune response; it can bind to an antibody or T-cell.
White cell
Antigen
Antibodies
Component Protein
Are part of a nonspecific response.
Skin, T-cells, antibodies, chemical barriers and interferons.
Skin, Cytotoxic T-cells, antigen and component proteins.
Skin, chemical barriers, antibodies and component proteins.
Skin, chemical barriers, interferon and component proteins.
Are located in all lymphatic tissues and can be thought as antibodies factories.
Helper T-Cells
T-cells
B-Cells
Antibodie
This kind of lymphocyte attaches to B-cells and other kind of T-cells to activate antibody recreation on both cells.
B-Cell
T-Cell
Helper T-Cell
Antigen
A (a) is an agent that causes disease – either a microorganism (bacteria, protist, fungi or parasite), virus
Non-specific immune cells called (a) engulf pathogens non-selectively and break them down internally
Most of the clones of B lymphocytes develop into short-lived (a) cells that produce large quantities of specific antibody
A small proportion of clones of B lymphocytes differentiate into long-lived (a) cells that function to provide long-term immunity
Antibodies are specific molecules
True
False
Any substance foreign to the body that evokes an immune response
immunoglobulin
interleukin
pathogen
antigen
Antibody structure is commonly
Z shaped
Y shaped
W shaped
T shaped
Antigens can be either a whole molecule or part of a molecule.
True
False
