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Psych 1st Quarter Exam

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Who is considered the "father of psychology" and began the first psychology lab?
a)
Wilhelm Wundt
b)
Wiliiam James
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
Edward Titchener
2.

Titchener believed that psychology should study the basic elements of conscious experience and belonged to which school of thought?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Humanism

d)

Structuralism

3.
Which school of psychology would most likely have written a book titled The Whole is More than the Parts?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Gestalt
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Behavioral
4.

Who wrote the first psychology textbook, was the first American psychologist, and believed psychology should study the functions of consciousness?

a)

G. Stanley Hall

b)

John Watson

c)

William James

d)

Willhelm Wundt

5.
Darwin’s theory of evolution influenced which school of thought?
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Gestalt
d)
Cognitive
6.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
7.
Which perspective believed psychology should only study observable and objectively described acts?
a)
Humanistic
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Structuralism
8.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
9.
Which psychological perspective would be most interested in studying our brain structures & chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.?
a)
Biological
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Humanistic
10.
Which psychological perspective studies how the situation and our upbringing influence our behavior?
a)
Psychoanalysis
b)
Social-Cultural
c)
Behaviorism
d)
Functionalism
11.
Having the patient be self-reflective (looking inward), and training them to report elements of their experience.  
a)
structuralism
b)
introspection
c)
functionalism
d)
psychometrics
12.
This person introduced the concept of using reinforcement to increase the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. 
a)
Carl Rogers
b)
John Watson
c)
Ivan Pavlov 
d)
B.F. Skinner 
13.
This individual won a nobel prize for his work on the digestive system, but also studied conditioned reflexes in dogs.
a)
B.F. Skinner
b)
Jean Piaget
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
Peter Parker
14.
Use interviews and tests to identify their clients' problems. Is more of a advisor than a psychologist. 
a)
Clinical Psychologist
b)
Counseling Psychologist
c)
School Psychologist
d)
Developmental Psychologist
15.
Studies the changes that occur throughout a person's life span. 
a)
Clinical Psychologist
b)
Counseling Psychologist
c)
School Psychologist
d)
Developmental Psychologist
16.
Concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment. 
a)
Structuralism
b)
Functionalism
c)
Psychoanalysis
d)
Psychology of Gestalt
17.

For Freud, much of our behavior is controlled by __________.

a)

environmental stimuli

b)

mental Gestalts

c)

unconscious desires

18.

Memory, perception, learning, intelligence, language, and problem solving are all areas that are of particular interest to a __________ psychologist.

a)

humanistic

b)

cognitive

c)

industrial/organizational

19.
Julie appeared not to be surprised when the couple broke up.  “I could have predicted that,” she said.  Julie is demonstrating:
a)
ESP
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
overestimation the extent to which others share her opinion.
d)
correlation proves causation
20.
When everybody has an equal chance of being included in a study, this process is called
a)
unbiased reporting
b)

survey
c)
random sample
d)
reliability
21.
Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression.  This means
a)

low self-esteem causes depression
b)

depression causes low self-esteem
c)

low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor
d)

they are correlated but this does  not prove causation
22.
Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo.  This is an example of
a)
expectancy effects
b)

pacebo effects
c)
double blind
d)
nothing.  It would be ridiculous
23.
A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing
a)
a placebo effect
b)
catharsis
c)
negative transference
d)
tardive dyskinesia
24.
In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
a)
a high dosage of alcohol
b)
one-half the dosage given the experimental group
c)
a driving test before and after drinking alcohol
d)
no alcohol at all
25.
A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is
a)
an experiment
b)
a survey
c)
a case study
d)
cross sectional study
26.
Which is considered a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?
a)
it provides an overabundance of information
b)
it deals with behavior not tampered with by outside influences
c)
it limits biased observations through careful record keeping
d)
it doesn’t identify the cause of observed behavior
27.
Students who do better in high school tend to do better in college.  This is an example of
a)
a.a negative correlation 
b)
a zero correlation
c)
a positive correlation 
d)
a perfect correlation
28.
To prevent the ethical abuse in psychological research, the APA has suggested that
a)
psychologists must treat all subjects with respect and concern for the subject’s dignity
b)
psychologists must avoid deception when using human subjects
c)
all data collected from a person must be made public
d)
all psychological harm to subjects must be corrected by counseling
29.

Neither the researcher nor the subjects knew whether or not they received the drug studied or a placebo.  This is an example of
a)

expectancy effects
b)

placebo effects
c)
double blind
d)

nothing.  It would be ridiculous
30.
The tendency to search for information that confirms a preconception is called:
a)
participant bias. 
b)
prejudice.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
replication.
31.
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are:
a)
causally related. 
b)
dependent variables.
c)
independent variables. 
d)
negatively correlated.
32.
Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view violent videos.  In this instance, the dependent variable is
a)

violent videos
b)

aggressive behavior
c)

a placebo
d)

the control condition
33.
The ____ is a measure of the degree of variation among a set of scores from each other.
a)
mean
b)
scatterplot
c)
standard deviation
d)
normal distribution
34.
Which of the following describes an independent variable within an experiment?
a)
a measured factor within an experiment that the the researcher cannot change and depends on the independent variab
b)
variables that are eliminated or removed in order to see the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
c)
a measured factor within an experiment that the researcher can change
d)
a factor within an experiment that is considered extraneous, it also correlates with the dependent or independent variable
35.
Which of the following correctly describes a dependent variable within an experiment
a)
a measured factor within an experiment that the researcher can change
b)
a variable that are eliminated or removed in order to see the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
c)
a factor within an experiment that is considered extraneous, it also correlates with the dependent or independent variable
d)
a measured factor within an experiment that the the researcher cannot change and depends on the independent variable
36.
What is the conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world called? 
a)
schema
b)
cognition
c)
conservation
d)
critical period
37.
Which stage of Erikson's theory do early teenagers encounter?
a)
Trust vs. Mistrust 
b)
Industry vs. Inferiority 
c)
Identity vs. Role Confusion
d)
Intimacy vs. Isolation
38.
The internally programmed growth of a child
a)
Maturation
b)
Learning
c)
Critical period
d)
Assimilation
39.
The process of fitting objects and experiences into one’s schemas
a)
Assimilation 
b)
Accommodation
c)
Conservation
d)
Schemas
40.
The adjustment of one’s schemas to include newly observed events and experiences
a)
Accommodation
b)
Assimilation
c)
Schemas
d)
Surrogate
41.
The principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed 
a)
Conservation
b)
Egocentric
c)
Assimilation
d)
Accommodation
42.
A young child’s inability to understand another person’s perspective
a)
Egocentric
b)
Imprinting
c)
Socialization
d)
Learning
43.
Parents attempt to control, shape, and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of children and adolescents in accordance with a set code of conduct 
a)
Authoritarian
b)
Authoritative 
c)
Democratic
d)
Permissive
44.
From birth to 2 years of age, behavior consists of simple motor responses to stimuli. This stage of human development is called _____. 
a)
Sensorimotor Stage
b)
Preoperational Stage
c)
Concrete operations Stage 
d)
Formal operations Stage
45.
Who developed the theory of moral development?
a)
Harlow
b)
Maslow
c)
Kohlberg
d)
Piaget
46.
When people begin to be able to think logically about abstract concepts and ideas, they are in which cognitive development stage?
a)
Sensorimeter
b)
Preoperational
c)
Concrete Operational
d)
Formal Operational
47.
The repetition by infants of meaningless language sounds(including both vowel and consonant sounds) is called...
a)
crying
b)
telegraphic speech
c)
cooing 
d)
Babbling
48.
Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as...
a)
teratogens
b)
carcinogens
c)
antigens
d)
chorionic villi
49.
The study of changes in behavior from conception to death encompasses
a)
gerontology
b)
thanatology
c)
developmental psychology
d)
social psychology
50.
stage in psychosocial development model (by Erik Erikson) in which individuals must master skills valued by their society
a)
trust vs mistrust
b)
intimacy vs isolation
c)
identity vs role confusion
d)
industry vs inferiority
51.
Which psychologist identified the importance of contact comfort?
a)
Konrad Lorenz
b)
Harry Harlow
c)
Mary Ainsworth
d)
Jean Piaget
52.

According to Erikson, early adulthood is characterized by a psychosocial crisis centering on establishing close, personal relationships with others. This is the stage of

a)

generativity versus self-absorption.

b)

intimacy versus isolation.

c)

identity versus confusion.

d)

integrity versus despair.

53.

Which of the following does NOT describe a cognitive change associated with adult aging?

a)

Intellectual productivity begins to decline after age 50.

b)

Speed in learning, solving problems, and processing information declines with age.

c)

Memory losses associated with normal aging are moderate.

d)

There is a small decrease in average intelligence test score after age 60.

54.

Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex MOST accurately describes

a)

gender roles.

b)

gender stereotypes.

c)

gender behaviors

d)

gender differences

55.

The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the

a)

hypothalamus.

b)

prefrontal cortex

c)

occipital cortex.

d)

medulla.

56.
In the _______, adolescents have spent so much time thinking about their own thoughts and feelings that they become convinced that they are special, one of a kind, and that no one else has ever had these thoughts and feelings before them.
a)
Personal Fable
b)
Imaginary Audience
c)
Activity Theory
d)
Menopause
57.
This type of parent simply isn’t involved with their children, ignoring them and allowing them to do whatever they want, until it interferes with what the parent wants, and at that point the relationship may become an abusive one.
a)
Permissive Neglectful
b)
Authoritarian
c)
Permissive Indulgent
d)
Authoritative 
58.
This type of parent combines firm limits on behavior with love, warmth, affection, respect, and a willingness to listen to the child’s point of view.
a)
Authoritative 
b)
Permissive Indulgent
c)
Permissive Neglectful
d)
Authoritarian
59.
 During a discussion in class regarding cheating in school, a student argues, “Cheating is wrong; it is important to follow rules.” Lawrence Kohlberg would say this student is in what stage of moral development?
a)
Preconventional
b)
 Conventional
c)
Postconventional
d)
Advanced conventional
60.
 As a preschooler, Emma has developed a number of cognitive and social skills that she will use to assume responsibility. According to Erik Erikson, what stage of psychosocial development is Emma in?
a)
Trust versus mistrust
b)
 Autonomy versus self-doubt
c)
 Initiative versus guilt
d)
Identity versus role confusion
61.
A 38-year-old woman quits her high-paying marketing job to focus on her children and become a school counselor. What stage would Erikson consider this to be:
a)
Idenitity vs. Role Confusion 
b)
Generativity vs. Stagnation
c)
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
d)
Industry vs. Inferiority
62.
The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with:
a)
Trust vs. Mistrust
b)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c)
Intiative vs. Guilt 
d)
Industry vs. Inferiority 
63.
Jane, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane’s behavior?
a)
Trust vs. Mistrust 
b)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c)
Intiative vs. GUilt 
d)
Industry vs. Inferiority 
64.
Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson’s theory, failure at this stage of development results in
a)
Feelings of Inferiority
b)
A sense of guilt
c)
A poor sense of Self
d)
Mistrust 
65.

Fluid intelligence-our ability to reason speedily and abstractly-

a)

decreases slowly with age

b)

hasn't been measured over time

c)

increases slowly with age

d)

doesn't change until about age 75

e)

remains unchanged if we exercise

66.
Kohlberg suggests that a child whose moral reasoning is based on avoiding punishment would be at which stage of moral development.
a)
 Stage 1 Punishment & Obedience
b)
e Stage 2 Hedonism Stage 
c)
Stage 3 Interpersonal Concordance 
d)
 Stage 4 Law & Order
67.

Late Adulthood. When reviewing his life, the older adult feels a sense of satisfaction or failure.

a)

Ego Integrity v. Despair

b)

Initiative v. Guilt

c)

Intimacy v. Isolation

d)

Generativity v. Stagnation

68.

Middle/Late Childhood (6-puberty) Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

a)

Trust v. Mistrust

b)

Identity v. Role Confusion

c)

Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt

d)

Industry v. Inferiority

69.

Toddler (1.5-3) After gaining trust, infants discover they have a will. They assert their sense of autonomy or independence. If restrained or punished too harshly, they are likely to develop a sense of shame & doubt.

a)

Identity v. Role Confusion

b)

Trust v. Mistrust

c)

Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt

d)

Industry v. Inferiority

70.

An oversupply of dopamine could result in

a)

schizophrenia

b)

Parkinson’s disease

c)

paralysis.

d)

Alzheimer’s disease.

71.

The brain is both protected from physical damage and insulated against extreme temperatures by

a)

the central nervous system.

b)

the spinal cord.

c)

layers of sheathing.

d)

the peripheral nervous system.

72.

Which of the following parts of the brain includes the pons?

a)

hindbrain

b)

midbrain

c)

orebrain

d)

thalamus

73.

Surgeons try to prevent grand mal seizures by

a)

stimulating the amygdala.

b)

severing the corpus callosum.

c)

removing the parietal lobe.

d)

triggering memory sequences.

74.

A stroke that damages the left hemisphere of the brain would most likely impair a person’s

a)

pattern recognition.

b)

spatial abilities.

c)

left side movement.

d)

speech.

75.

The _____________________ are located on top of the kidneys; they become active when a person is angry

or frightened.

a)

adrenal glands.

b)

pituitary glands

c)

duct glands.

d)

sex glands.

76.

The “master gland” of the endocrine system is the _____________________ gland

a)

pituitary

b)

adrenal

c)

duct

d)

sex

77.

An insufficient amount of _____________________ in the bloodstream causes laziness and lethargy.

a)

thyroxine

b)

harmones

c)

adrenaline

d)

seratonin

78.

When it is secreted into the blood by the adrenal glands, norepinephrine functions as a

_____________________.

a)

hormones

b)

seratonin

c)

dopamine

d)

adrenaline

79.

To send rapid and specific messages, the body uses

a)

the endocrine system.

b)

the nervous system.

c)

a hormone system.

d)

the gland system.

80.

Similar behaviors from identical twins who grew up in different homes provide evidence for the

influence of

a)

economic background.

b)

schooling.

c)

heredity.

d)

environment.

81.

integrates sensory information and relays it upward

a)

midbrain

b)

hindbrain

c)

forebrain

82.

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?

a)

synapse

b)

cell body

c)

axon terminals

d)

dendrites

83.

If a person suffered a head injury and could no longer hear, which part of his brain was probably damaged?

a)

occipital lobe

b)

parietal lobe

c)

temporal lobe

d)

frontal lobe

84.

How are testes and ovaries different?

a)

Testes are sex glands; ovaries are not sex glands

b)

Testes product testosterone; ovaries estrogen

c)

Testes produce eggs; ovaries produce sperm

d)

Testes are always active; ovaries are active only during pregnancy

85.

the brain and spinal cord

a)

central nervous system

b)

peripheral nervous system

c)

somatic nervous system

d)

autonomic nervous system

86.

controls involuntary activities

a)

autonomic nervous system

b)

somatic nervous system

c)

central nervous system

d)

peripheral nervous system

87.

controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

a)

somatic nervous system

b)

peripheral nervous system

c)

central nervous system

d)

autonomic nervous system

88.

A blind person may have experienced damage to her

a)

occipital lobe

b)

parietal lobe

c)

frontal lobe

d)

temporal lobe

89.

Which gland controls how quickly the body uses energy and makes proteins?

a)

thyroid

b)

pituitary

c)

adrenal

d)

pineal

90.

Which of the following types of research design

is most appropriate for establishing a cause-andeffect

relationship between two variables?

a)

Correlational

b)

Naturalistic observation

c)

Participant observation

d)

Experimental

e)

Case study

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