Acquiring property that started as trade fixtures and were not removed by a tenant at the expiration of the lease.

The rights to use the air above the land, may also be sold or leased independently of the land.

Annual plantings or crops of wheat, corn, vegetables, and fruit generally considered personal property (fruits of industry).

Changing personal property into real estate because they have become a permanent improvement on the land. For example, an owner buys cement, stones, and sand and constructs a concrete walk on his parcel of real estate, the component parts of the concrete, which were originally personal property, are converted into real estate.

Trees, perennial shrubbery, and grasses that do not require annual cultivation are considered real estate (fruits of nature).

Includes the right to control the property within the framework of the law, the right of exclusion (to keep others from entering or occupying the property), the right of possession, the right of disposition (to be able to sell or otherwise convey the property), and the right of enjoyment (to use the property in any legal manner). Within these ownership rights are included further rights: to mortgage or encumber; lease or license; cultivate or mine; will, dedicate, or give away; and share, trade, or exchange.

The buildings erected on the land, as well as to streets, utilities, and sewers (called infrastructure) and other man-made additions to the property.

Items of personal property. Includes such tangibles as chairs, tables, clothing, money, bonds, and bank accounts.

Earth’s surface to the center of the earth and the airspace above, including the trees and water.

Personal property such as annual plantings or crops of wheat, corn, vegetables, and fruit known as fructus industrial.

Is all property that does not fit the definition of real estate. Has the unique characteristic of being movable.

Indicating a deficiency in the grantor’s title, such as a mineral interest held by a previous owner.

Movable items not attached to real estate; items severed from real estate.

Defined as a part of the earth, including the permanent additions or growing things attached to it, the airspace above it, and the minerals below it. Land plus permanent, human-made additions.

Land and anything permanently attached to it. Real estate plus “bundle of legal rights.”

Indicating an interest being retained by the seller, such as a mineral right or an access easement.

To change an item of real estate to personal property. For example, a growing tree is real estate, but if the owner cuts down the tree for firewood, thereby severing it from the earth, the tree becomes personal property.

The rights to the natural resources below the earth’s surface. Texas recognizes as separate estates oil and gas (as one right) and other mineral rights.

The rights to use the surface of the earth. Underground water is considered part of the surface estate.

An article owned by a tenant and attached to a rented space or building for use in conducting a business. Considered personal property of the tenant and, as such, must be removed on or before the expiration of the lease, without seriously damaging the building.