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WorksheetsAP Psychology: S & P new CED
Total questions: 120
Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins
The smallest line on the eye chart that you can read during a trip to the optometrist would be an example of
just noticeable difference
difference threshold
absolute threshold
Weber's Law
Finding a cold classroom a little more comfortable once you have been in there for a while would be an example of
sensory interaction
stimulus generalization
just noticeable difference
sensory adaptation
The specialized cells in each of the sense organs that collect information to send to the brain are called...
sensory cells
sensory nuerons
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
sensory receptors
A person's diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as...
accomodation
parallel processing
sensory adaptation
transduction
sensory equilibrium
While waiting in line at Starbucks, Kramer was playing games on his cell phone and subsequently failed to see the customer in front of him rob the cashier. This is an example of...
inattentional blindness
place theory
blind spot
feature detectors
sensory adaptation
Although Bill was seated next to his friend, he was able to smell the burning popcorn a full minute earlier than his friend. Bill must have a lower _________ for smell.
accommodation level
absolute threshold
tolerance level
gustatory saturation level
adaptation level
The method by which the sensations experienced at any given moment are interpreted and organized in some meaningful fashion.
constancy
perception
Contiguity
Gestalt
Which Gestalt Principle?
Figure Ground Perception
Closure
Similarity
Proximity
If you see triangles, it can best be explained by
gestalt
opponent-process theory
trichromatic color theory
absolute threshold
___________________ refers to the DIFFERENCE in what our right eye sees compared to our left eye, allowing us to see DEPTH.
Retinal disparity
Color constancy
Perceptual adaptation
Perceptual constancy
When PARALLEL LINES seem to meet in the distance this is called
linear perspective
interposition
gestalt
perceptual constancy
The black shape appears to be closer to us than the green one because of
interposition
linear perspective
Although two eyes allow us to see depth, with just ONE EYE we can still detect DEPTH by using _____________.
monocular cues
retinal disparity
binocular cues
There looks like there is movement in the image. This illusion is called
the phi phenomenon
color constancy
parallel processing
priming
Our tendency to integrate pieces into an ORGANIZED WHOLE is called ______________.
gestalt
figure-ground
retinal disparity
perceptual constancy
The VISUAL CLIFF was used to study
depth perception
absolute threshold
monocular cues
perceptual constancy
When we look at a car's color in the sun, we know it's the same color even when it is dark outside. The color doesn't change. This is an example of _______________.
color constancy
phi phenomenon
retinal disparity
perceptual adaptation
What sense helps maintain balance?
Vestibular
Kinesthetic
Proprioception
Audition
Olfaction
The coiled, fluid filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called...
eustachian tube
auditory canal
semicircular canal
cochlea
vestibular aparatus
The process by which your ears convert sound waves to neural impulses is called...
sensory adaptation
accommodation
parallel processing
sensory introduction
Transduction
The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as...
opponent process theory
feature detector
sensory interaction
Weber's law
absolute threshold
What is the first part of the eye that light hits?
lens
cornea
pupil
retina
iris
What is the term for the loss of hearing due to damage in the inner ear?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Visual impairment
Conductive hearing loss
With hearing, what does a wave's amplitude determine?
(a)
The conversion of one form of energy to another is called
Parapsychology
Retinal Disparity
Transduction
Transitionary Processing
After attending a loud concert, Alex experiences reduced hearing sensitivity for several hours. This temporary threshold shift most directly illustrates which of the following concepts?
Opponent process theory
Sensory adaptation
Signal detection theory
Weber's law
Dr. Chen studies patients with cochlear implants by presenting them with pure tones of varying frequencies. She notices that patients can identify the location of high-frequency sound activation in the cochlea more precisely than low-frequency sounds. This observation best supports which theory of pitch perception?
Place theory
Frequency theory
Volley principle
Gate control theory
This theory says the rate of this pulse moving along your auditory nerve matches the frequency of whatever tone you are hearing.
place theory
frequency theory
The ______________ nerve delivers information about sound to the brain.
auditory
optic
cochlea
basilar
In sound, AMPLITUDE determines ________________.
pitch
loudness
In sound, WAVELENGTH determines ________________.
pitch
loudness
The loudness of a sound is determined by the sound waves...
Frequency
Shape
Height
Color
This form of deafness generally requires the use of cochlear implants in order to be able to hear certain frequencies...
Conductive
Sensorineural
Fractured
Frequency
Receptors send information about odors to the brain via the...
Optic Nerve
Auditory Nerve
Sinus Nerve
Olfactory Nerve
The "skin senses" is more commonly referred to as...
Feeling
Touch
Epidermis
Skinny Touchy Feely Sensy
This theory of pain suggests that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time.
Door
Window
Gate
Ceiling
This sense works via sensory organs in the ear that monitor the body’s motion and position in relation to gravity.
Vestibular
Kinesthesis
Gravitas
Levity
Cones are activated in (a) light environments and enable humans to see (b) and detail
what is the cocktail party effect
your focus is on one stimuli and you miss other stimuli
your expectation for what you see
allows you to focus on one thing when there are other things going on around you. for example it allows you to hear your name in a crowded room
when you notice a change in your sensation- can you tell the different between 2 similar stimuli?
what is the difference threshold
your focus is on one stimuli and you miss other stimuli
your expectation for what you see
allows you to focus on one thing when there are other things going on around you. for example it allows you to hear your name in a crowded room
when you notice a change in your sensation- how much does something have to change for you to notice the difference?
what is top down processing
when you have prior knowledge which influences your perception
brain → body
when you perceive things as a whole
when your brain interprets and creates perception
senses→brain
a law that states that the change is a percentage instead of a number
what is bottom up processing
when you have prior knowledge which influences your perception
brain → body
when you perceive things as a whole
when your brain interprets and creates perception
senses→brain
a law that states that the change is a percentage instead of a number
what is Weber's law
when you have prior knowledge which influences your perception
brain → body
when you perceive things as a whole
when your brain interprets and creates perception
senses→brain
a law that states that the change is a percentage instead of a number
what is closure
a study with babies and plexiglass to see when they develop depth perception
when your perception fills in the gaps to create a meaningful whole
when sensation is translated to neural transmission for your brain to understand
when one image or stimuli stands out against another stimuli
what is the opponent process theory
a theory that says that cones have pairs that cannot fire at the same time
blue→yellow
red→green
black→white
a theory that says that there are certain cones in the back of the eye that are responsible for certain colors (red, green, blue)
when we are moving, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do distant objects
when we are moving but objects that are fixed in one place appear to be moving along with us
what is the fovea
the spiral shaped part of the inner ear that has tiny hairs in order to send information to the temporal lobe to be processed
the part of the eye that allows you to see fine details and focus on one object. the central location for cones on your retina
allows you to see depth because you get a slightly different image on each retina→eyes are a couple inches apart
when taste chemicals dissolve within mouth
what is the retinal disparity
the spiral shaped part of the inner ear that has tiny hairs in order to send information to the temporal lobe to be processed
the part of the eye that allows you to see fine details and focus on one object. the central location for cones on your retina
allows you to see depth because you get a slightly different image on each retina→eyes are a couple inches apart
when taste chemicals dissolve within mouth
Extra sense that uses muscles, tendons, and joints:
Vestibular Sense
Kinesthesis
Synesthesia
Visual Capture
Monitors head position with fluid in the ear:
Vestibular Sacs
Ossicles
Middle Ear
Cilia
Neurological condition where multiple senses are activated at the same time:
Vestibular Sense
Kinesthesia
Homunculus
Synesthesia
When someone can taste words or hear colors:
Synesthesia
Kinesthesis
Vestibular Sense
Homunculus
This type of MONOCULAR CUE interprets the convergence of parallel lines to perceive depth and distance.
relative height.
linear perspective.
interposition
closure.
The semicircular canals have receptors for _____, while the cochlea has receptors for ___.
accommodation, smell
the vestibular sense, hearing
kinesthesis, balance
hearing, smell
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the
adaptation threshold.
difference threshold.
subliminal threshold.
absolute threshold.
change threshold.
Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as
sensory accommodation.
blindsight.
sensory adaptation.
transduction.
equilibrium.
Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to
a feature detector.
perceptual adaptation.
a perceptual set.
a difference threshold.
gate-control theory.
Ohio State University pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of
place theory.
gate-control theory.
selective attention.
the phi phenomenon.
retinal disparity.
The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates
subliminal perception.
kinesthesis.
accommodation.
sensory adaptation.
parallel processing.
Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of
interposition.
size constancy.
linear perspective.
shape constancy.
binocular cues.
Color constancy refers to the fact that
light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.
objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.
the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.
the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.
colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference threshold.
Sound Localization
If a study damaged the fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear, what degree of change in balance would you expect?
Significant loss of balance and dizziness
Increased sensation of phantom limbs
Improved ability to localize sounds
No change in sensory transduction
Converting outside stimuli, like light or sound, into neural activity is called:
Transduction
Phantom Limb
Sound Localization
Semicircular Canals
Which theory of pitch detection suggests that groups of neurons work together to process higher frequency sounds?
Place theory
Frequency theory
Volley theory
Resonance theory
In the context of hearing, what does amplitude correspond to?
Pitch
Loudness
Frequency
Timbre
As Peter listened to classical music, he was able to distinguish between different notes in the melody. This demonstrates his ability to detect sound waves with different
amplitudes
frequencies
intensities
hues
Despite doing an elaborate dance routine in a tightly packed gym, the dancers' strong ___________ sense allowed them to execute the routine flawlessly without accidentally running into or injuring any nearby dancers.
chemical
audiovestibular
kinesthetic
gestalt
In order to savor the rich flavor of her ramen bowl, Kim most likely relied on the interaction between her
kinesthetic and vestibular senses.
gustatory and tactile senses.
olfactory and gustatory senses.
tactile and visual senses.
Sensory information from this system is the only one to bypass the brain's sensory relay center, the thalamus.
Gustatory (taste)
Auditory
Olfactory (smell)
Visual
The four main touch receptors are
hot, cold, danger, safe
warmth, odor, kinesthesia, stretch
pain, damage, temperature, sensitivity
pressure, pain, cold, hot
Someone who is able to ear smells and taste sounds would be best described as having
synesthesia
accomodation
prosopagnosia
perceptual adaptation
Nociceptors
allow the body to maintain its sense of orientation with respect to gravity.
transduce possible painful or dangerous stimuli into neural signals.
primarily respond to physical disturbances in the air produced by sound waves.
induce stretch receptors to help the body fine-tune its location in space.
The idea that pain can be blocked by simultaneous activation of mechanical touch receptors is best explained by
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
Gate-control theory
Opponent process theory
Psychodynamic dream theory
Which of the following is the best example of your kinesthetic sense?
touching your nose with your eyes closed
maintaining balance in your chair
detecting both sweet and sour in a beverage
smelling the soup that is cooking for dinner
combining smell and taste together to create flavor
In the human eye, rods are to _________, as cones are to ________.
light/ color
color/ light
monochromat/ dichromat
dichromat/ monochromat
lens/ iris
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that...
an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects
the retina has three types of color receptors
the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously
quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color
color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes
What color afterimage would occur after viewing the color blue?
blue
red
yellow
green
white
Process by which the eye lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
adaptation
accommodation
transduction
Negative afterimages are explained by
the trichromatic theory
color detection by rods
the opponent-process theory
a lack of adaptation
dichromatic color perception
I can't hear anyone blinking in the room. the sound of blinking therefore Isn't loud enough to pass the:
Difference Threshold
Absolute Threshold
Tympanic Membrane
pupil
I shine two flashlights in your face and ask which one is brighter. I am most likely looking for:
The Difference Threshold
The Absolute Threshold
Subliminal Stimuli
How small I can make your pupils
What gestalt principal lets me know that black chess pieces are in a different group than white chess pieces?
Continuity
Closure
Similarity
proximity
If I am holding an empty jar, I will notice the weight difference when a coin is dropped in, but I will not notice the coin if the jar is full. This principle is called:
The Placebo Effect
Weber's Law
the difference threshold
the Kinesthetic sense
You walk into a room and it feels like a sauna at first, but then you stop noticing the heat. This is an example of:
Difference Threshold
Sensory adaptation
Weber's Law
absolute threshold
What part of the eye allows light into the eye?
Lens
Retina
Pupil
Iris
While singing to you on your birthday, your friends leave off the very last word of the song, “Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday dear David, Happy birthday to….” Your tendency to mentally fill in the last word best reflects which of the following Gestalt principles of organization?
continuity
proximity
connectedness
closure
figure and ground
You are watching a movie when your little brother puts his hand in front of your face. You know his hand is closer than the TV because it is blocking your view. This is called a:
Interposition cue
texture gradient
relative size cue
retinal disparity
