the basic unit of matter

a positively charged subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus

a neutral subatomic particle (has no charge) found in the atomic nucleus

a negatively charged subatomic particle found orbiting an atomic nucleus

a pure substance made up of only one type of atom

atoms of the same element, but have different numbers of neutrons (ex: Carbon 12, 14, 16)

substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in specific proportions/amounts

type of bond that occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

type of bond that occurs when electrons are shared between atoms

type of bonds that involve weak intermolecular forces between + and - charged regions of molecules

what is the mass per unit of measure for an object?

when the charges charges of a molecule are unevenly distributed (more + on one side, and more - on the other side)

the attraction between molecules of the same substance (image: water molecules all together on top of a penny)

the attraction between molecules of different substances

when both adhesion and cohesion together cause liquids to move up narrow tube structures

the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a substance

a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together (but not chemically combined)

when the molecules of a mixture are evenly distributed

the substance that gets dissolved in a solvent

the substance that a solute is dissolved in (is usually water)

a mixture of water and non-dissolved material

scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution (ranges from 0-14) (can also say it shows how acidic or basic a solution is)

compounds that form hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution (has pH less than 7)

compounds that form hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution (has pH greater than 7)

compounds that prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

means big / large molecules

the study of all compounds that contain carbon bonds

small individual molecules are called

large molecules made up of monomers linked together are

chemical process where monomers are joined together to form polymers

store and release energy, are source of quick energy for organisms

the monomer of carbohydrates are

the polymer of carbohydrates are

an important sugar (carbohydrate) for organisms

a complex carbohydrate, function is to store extra sugars

stores energy, form biological membranes, chemical messengers

fats, oils, and waxes are types of

glycerol combined with fatty acid side chains form a

macromolecules made up of amino acids are

the monomer of proteins are

the polymer of proteins are

the type of bond between amino acids of a protein

macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information

the polymers of nucleic acids are

the monomer of nucleic acids is a

the process that changes one set of chemicals into another is called a

the substances that "go into" a chemical reaction (to start it)

the substances that "come out" of a chemical reaction (the results)

the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required

types of proteins that act as a biological catalyst

material that binds to an enzyme's active site

the area of an enzyme that a substrate binds to

process when the molecular structure of a protein is changed