Definition: the tools, weapons, and other objects that early people left behind

Definition: a narrow body of water that connects two larger ones

Definition: the movement of people from one area to another

Definition: a person who moves from place to place

Definition: people who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food

Definition: climates and landscapes that surround living things

Definition: a variety of corn

Definition: a scientific method of determining the age of an artifact

Definition: a people’s shared values, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors

Definition: a highly developed society

Definition: a society that is ruled by religious leaders

Definition: a form of writing that uses symbols or pictures to represent things, ideas, and sounds

Definition: a broad platform of flat land cut into a slope

Definition: to supply water to crops by artificial means

Definition: a government that links and unites different groups

Definition: a group of people who have a common ancestor

Definition: one of a series of expeditions Europeans made to regain control of Christian holy sites in the Middle East from A.D. 1000s to the 1200s

Definition: warriors who fought on horseback

Definition: a disease that spread across Europe, killing an estimated 25 million people

Definition: related to the culture of ancient Greece and Rome

Definition: a reawakening of culture and intellectual curiosity in Europe from the 1300s to the 1600s

Definition: the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Definition: an instrument used to plan a course of traveling using the stars

Directions: triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind

Definition: an instrument that shows the direction of magnetic north

Definition: a journey to a holy place

Definition: a Muslim house of worship.

Definition: a group of people from northern Africa

Definition: a pilgrimage to Mecca, a Muslim holy city

Definition: a point of land that sticks out into the water, much like a peninsula.

Definition: to travel completely around something, usually by water

Definition: a Spanish explorer

Definition: an imaginary line drawn up by the Roman Catholic Church that divided the Atlantic Ocean between Spain and Portugal

Definition: moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west from its original location

Definition: the transfer of animals, plants, diseases, etc. between the old world (Europe) and the new world (Americas)

Definition: resistance, such as to disease

Definition: a town in the Spanish-ruled lands.

Definition: underground ceremonial chambers

Definitions: cone-shapes shelters usually made of skins

Definition: people who trace their ancestry through their mother’s side of the family and not the fathers

Definition: people who trace their ancestry through their father’s side of the family and not their mothers

Definition: a religious community where farming was carried out and Native Americans were converted to Christianity

Definition: a fort

Definition: gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work in exchange for the settlers protecting the Native Americans and converting them to Christianity

Definition: a large farm

Definition: a sixteenth-century religious movement rejecting or changing some Roman Catholic teachings and practices and establishing the Protestant churches

Definition: a form of Christianity that was in opposition to the Catholic Church

Definition: a form of government in which people rule themselves

Definition: a fleet of warships

Definition: a sea passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific along the north coast of North America

Definition: a settler who pays rent or provides work to a landowner in exchange for the right to use the landowner’s land

Definition: a document granting the recipient the right to settle a colony

Definition: a company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of its future profits

Definition: a 50-acre grant of land given to colonial settlers who paid their own way

Definition: an elected representative to an assembly

Definition: to disagree with or oppose an opinion.

Definition: to mistreat a person or group on the basis of their beliefs

Definition: having a natural resistance to something such as a disease

Definition: a landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled over large areas of land

Definition: a person who is opposed to the use of violence

Definition: the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure

Definition: a spreading or scattering

Definition: a laborer who agrees to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

Definition: a list of fundamental laws to support a government

Definition: a person or country that owes money

Definition: producing just enough to meet immediate needs

Definition: a crop that can be sold easily in markets

Directions: crops that are always needed

Definition: a variety, such as of ethnic or national groups

Definition: a trade route between three destinations, such as Britain, West Africa, and the West Indies

Definition: rules focusing on the behavior of and punishment of enslaved people

Definitions: a system by which people elect delegates to make lass and conduct government

Definition: places in which townspeople talked and decided on issues of local interest

Definitions: an economic theory whose goal is building a state’s wealth and power by increasing exports and accumulating precious metals in return

Definition: to sell abroad

Definition: to bring in from foreign markets

Definition: the permanent movement of people into one country from other nations

Definition: an illness that affects large numbers of people

Definition: a young person who learns a trade from a skilled craftsperson

Definition: democratic ideas, practices, and values that form a truly free society

Definition: a military force made up of ordinary citizens

Definition: a group of Native American nations in eastern North America joined together under one general government

Definition: partnership

Definition: a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 17e0s and 1740s

Definition: a movement that took place during the 1700s that spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society