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WorksheetsUnit 3 Test
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Which species appears to have been the most successful in surviving changes in the environment over time?
A
B
C
H
An insecticide is a chemical that kills insects. Most insects are killed the first time they are exposed to an insecticide. However, some insects carry a gene that enables them to survive their first exposure to an insecticide. When these surviving insects reproduce, this gene may be inherited by their offspring. The number of insecticide-resistant insects usually increases over time because increasing numbers of offspring with this gene are able to survive and reproduce.
Which process enables increasing numbers of insects to survive their initial exposure to an insecticide?
cloning
independent assortment
natural selection
genetic engineering
According to the modern theory of evolution, giraffes’ necks are long because
giraffes grew long necks to reach food sources
giraffes stretched their necks by reaching for food
among their ancestors, giraffes with the longest necks survived best and passed on their genes
giraffe necks only look like they are long
Which of these characteristics would provide the best evidence to determine if menhaden and striped bass are closely related?
They are both cold-blooded.
They eat similar food
They both live in coastal waters.
They have similar DNA sequences.
The mitochondria in your cells have their own unique DNA. It is believed that this is because:
mitochondria were once separate organisms that were engulfed by early cells and began to live inside them.
mitochondrial DNA is a different sort of molecule than your other DNA.
mitochondria are deep in cells and are free from mutations.
mitochondrial DNA is from your father and must be kept separate from your other DNA that has your mother's genes in it.
Shown in the chart are parts of the mitochondrial DNA codes for the American black bear, the giant panda, the red panda, and the raccoon.
Based on this information, which two species are most closely related?
the American black bear and the giant panda
the American black bear and the raccoon
the red panda and the raccoon
the red panda and the giant panda
Using the information in the chart, an evolutionary biologist would conclude that the closest evolutionary relationship exists between:
human and chimpanzee
human and gorilla
chimpanzee and gorilla
horse and zebra
The possible evolutionary relationship of some mammals is indicated in the diagram. Which statement about the African elephant is correct?
It is more closely related to the mammoth than it is to the West African manatee
It is more closely related to the West Indian manatee than it is to the mastodon.
It is not related to the Brazilian manatee or the mammoth.
It is the ancestor of Stellar's sea cow.
A species of bear in Russia and the brown bear in the United States seem to have a common ancestor. The differences between these species is likely the result of
territorial displays
instinct, followed by learning
vestigial structures
variation, followed by natural selection
Which of the following is an example of a structure that is homologous to a human arm?
spider leg
wasp wing
chicken wing
pig snout
If no free oxygen was present in the primitive atmosphere of the Earth, then the first organisms most likely:
were aerobic
were anaerobic
had mitochondria
had chloroplasts
The evolution of a new bacteria population that is resistant to antibiotics illustrates:
biological control
use and disuse
natural selection
low survival value
Which statement is NOT included as a part of the modern theory of evolution by natural selection?
Sexual reproduction and mutation provide variation among organisms.
Some variations are favorable to a species.
More offspring are produced that can possibly survive.
New organs arise when they are needed.
People with diabetes can be treated with insulin extracted from cows and pigs. The fact that the insulin of cows, pigs and humans is similar, suggests that
cows, pigs and humans are the same species
chemicals can readily adapt to changing environmental conditions
an evolutionary relationship exists among mammals, such as cows, pigs, and humans
human cells are unable to recognize and destroy foreign chemicals
The diagram shows the bones in the leg of a cat and in the wing of a bird. The similarities between these limbs suggest that cats and birds:
possess the same number of chromosomes
evolved from a common ancestor
are actually the same species
occupy the same habitat
Which concept is represented in the diagram?
how the first organic molecules came about
how the first living cells came about
theory of natural selection
theory of use and disuse
The diagram illustrates the distribution of fossils in undisturbed layers of silt at the bottom of the ocean.
What conclusion can be made from the diagram?
The fossils in layer C are older than those in layer A.
The fossils in layer B are older than those in layer C.
The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer C.
The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer B.
According to evolutionary biologists, which statement is the most accurate?
Organisms adapt so they can be successful in their environment.
Organisms change randomly, and those that are successful survive and pass on their genes.
Most mutations help organisms survive.
New species form when there is no reproductive isolation.
The horse and the donkey
are considered the same species because they can mate and produce a mule.
are considered the same species because they come from a common ancestor.
are considered different species because they can’t make fertile young (their young can't reproduce)
are considered different species because they can’t mate.
Artificial selection is similar to natural selection because
only certain genes are selected to be passed on to the next generation.
human beings cause mutations to happen.
the result is always a larger offspring.
more offspring are produced than can survive.
Artificial selection is different from natural selection because
human beings cause mutations to happen.
the result is always a larger offspring.
more offspring are produced than can survive.
human beings, rather than nature, determine which traits are passed on to the next generation.
According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker, and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses?
inbreeding
migration
natural selection
hibernation
In his studies of birds in the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed that there were several different species of finch, each perfectly adapted to its specific environment. He hypothesized that one ancestral species from the mainland populated the various islands and, over time, became so different through natural selection that it eventually became several new species. This is an example of:
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
instinct
fossil identification
An example of a vestigial structure is:
the eyes of a blind cave fish
the eyes of a hawk
the heart of a human
the opposable thumb of apes and humans
Which of the following is NOT a condition of natural selection?
Populations have genetic variability due to mutations and genetic recombination
The environment has a limited supply of resources for living organisms
Those organisms with favorable adaptations survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles
Changes that an organism acquires in its lifetime can be passed on to its offspring.
In 1889, August Weismann, a German biologist, conducted an experiment attempting to produce mice without tails. He cut the tails off adult mice and then permitted them to mate. All offspring had long tails. He repeated the experiment many times, always with the same results. This experiment helped to disprove the concept of
overproduction in a species
inheritance of characteristics acquired during an individual’s life
survival of the fittest
struggle for existence.
Which of the following shows the correct order of the evolution of living organisms?
unicellular eukaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes, photosynthetic prokaryotes
photosynthetic prokaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes
anaerobic prokaryotes, photosynthetic prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes, multicellular eukaryotes
multicellular eukaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes, photosynthetic prokaryotes
According to evolutionary biologists, new species can form when
different parts of a population mate with one another
different parts of a population are geographically separated from one another
the mix of genes stays the same in the population
there is no natural selection
Two species that are closely related would have
Very similar DNA sequences
Exactly the same DNA sequences
Completely different DNA sequences
No proteins in common
Which statement about fossils could be used as evidence that evolution by natural selection has been in effect for millions of years?
Fossils found in higher layers of rock are older than those found in lower layers.
Fossils found in lower layers of rock are more complex than those found in higher layers.
Fossils of current species have been found throughout rock layers that are billions of years old.
Fossils of extinct species that are ancestors of current species have been found.
Migration in the animal kingdom is advantageous because it helps the animal
find food
find breeding grounds
limit competition for resources
all of these
A flounder can change its coloration so it blends into the background. This is known as:
hibernation
mimicry
camouflage
courtship display
The function of habituation is
to help an animal avoid danger
to facilitate learning
to teach an animal to respond to important stimuli
to prevent an animal from wasting time and energy responding to nonthreatening stimuli
The wingspots on a moth likely were passed on because these mutations
attracted mates.
frightened prey.
frightened predators.
attracted predators.
To birds, the Monarch butterfly looks like the Viceroy butterfly. The Monarch butterfly is distasteful to birds; however, the Viceroy butterfly is not. Once a bird tastes a Monarch butterfly, it will not attempt to eat a Viceroy butterfly. How is this adaptation an advantage to the Viceroy butterfly?
This adaptation aids in the survival of the Viceroy butterfly.
This adaptation attracts other Viceroy butterflies for mating.
This adaptation helps the Viceroy butterfly find food.
This adaptation aids in the growth of the Viceroy butterfly.
The harmless Viceroy looking like the toxic Monarch is an example of:
hibernation
mimicry
camouflage
courtship display
During hot, dry periods, a worm will curl up in a ball and slow down its metabolism. This is an example of
hibernation
estivation
deprivation
sedation
The reason a worm might curl up in a ball and slow down its metabolism during hot, dry periods is
to prevent getting eaten by a bird
to prevent drying out
to get some napping done
to lay eggs
Innate behaviors
are learned at a very early age
are coded for by one’s genes
are easily changed
are learned in school
Pavlov’s experiment with dogs involved ringing a bell every time the dogs were fed so they would associate being fed with the sound of a bell. Eventually, the dogs responded to the sound of the bell alone by salivating. This is an example of:
classical conditioning
imprinting
operant conditioning
reasoning
When baby geese see a person instead of their parents when they hatch, they
imprint on the person and follow it from then on as if it is their parent
are confused and wait for their parent to come back
do a territorial display for the person
exhibit signs of operant conditioning
A bee returns to the hive after finding food and does a dance that communicates something to the other members of the hive about the position and distance of the food source. The bee does not have to learn how to do this dance and does it even if it has never seen another bee dance. This behavior must be
the product of operant conditioning
innate
learned
the product of classical conditioning
An animal might have evolved a circadian rhythm because this allows it to:
be awake to hunt at the time of the day when its prey are out.
be around to hunt during the part of the year when prey are abundant.
keep itself warm in the winter when food is scarce.
be available for mating during the mating season.
In many species, the female gets to choose her mate because
the female is usually more brightly colored
the female expends more energy in the production of offspring
female fiddler crabs have one large claw
sperm is difficult and time consuming to produce
Worms going away from the light is an example of:
hibernation
territorial display
positive phototaxis
negative phototaxis
Pheremones are:
dances used by animals in mating displays
the sound a cat makes when it is in heat
chemicals that animals release to communicate by smell
a new band whose stage show features a huge white salamander
The graph shows the weight of a certain animal over time. The change in weight from season to season is most likely the result of:
circadian rhythms
migration
hibernation
estivation
A group of scientists wanted to investigate whether bird songs are innate or learned. They compared the songs of white-crowned sparrows raised in the wild with the songs of white-crowned sparrows raised in isolation. They found that some parts of the songs are similar while other parts of the songs are different. From their findings, they concluded that the songs of some songbirds, such as white-crowned sparrows, are
learned
innate
both learned and innate
imprinted
Four ladies are hanging out together. Mrs. Laws picks on Mrs. Hartsell and Mrs. Senseney, but Mrs. King picks on Mrs. Laws. Mrs. Senseney gets picked on by everyone. Given this data, who is probably at the top of the dominance hierarchy?
Mrs. Laws
Mrs. Hartsell
Mrs. King
Mrs. Senseney
The main difference between innate and learned behaviors is
Innate behaviors are genetic, while learned behaviors are not.
Learned behaviors are only seen in young children.
Innate behaviors change with experience, while learned behaviors do not.
Learned behaviors are automatic.
