WorksheetsANAPHY LECTURE
Total questions: 92
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
The largest part of the brain that is divided into two sections is the?
pons.
cerebellum.
midbrain.
cerebrum.
________ detect light touch and superficial pressure and are found in the epidermis
Meissner corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Merkel disks
Ruffini corpuscles
Free nerve endings
This gland secretes the hormone melatonin
parathyroid gland
thyroid gland
thymus gland
pineal gland
The division of the nervous system containing all of the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord is the:
central nervous system.
appendicular nervous system
axial nervous system.
peripheral nervous system.
What part of the brain is responsible for balance?
diencephalon
cerebellum
cerebrum
mesencephalon
Which type of nerve cells usually transmit sensory information? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
Bipolar
Pseudo - Unipolar
Multipolar
Apolar
The releasing of saliva is a function of the
somatic nervous system.
autonomic nervous system
cerebellum.
cerebrum.
Seeing your crush approaching you for the first time makes your heart beat faster and sweat a lot. You know as nurse, this is the work of the:
Autonomic Nervous System
Neurotransmitters
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
A shallow groove on the surface of cortex is called a
(a)
the most caudal portion of the brain stem.
(a)
the main pathway of information connecting the brain to the body?
(a)
The function of a nociceptor is to detect:
cold
the bitterness of a fluid
heat
salt in a food
noxious stimuli
Optic radiation synapses in the visual cortices of the:
thalamus.
frontal lobe.
postcentral gyrus.
occipital lobe.
What is the strong, white fibrous tissue called that forms the outer layer of the meninges and inner periosteum of the cranial bones?
arachnoid mater
dura mater
pia mater
falx cerebri
Which part of the brain controls the functioning of many organs?
medulla oblongata
spinal cord
ventricle
atrium
Which of the following are true of the blood-brain barrier?
The barrier functions to regulate the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid surrounding the brain cells
The barrier is not permeable to glucose
The barrier is formed by cells that line the capillaries of the brain
The barrier is not uniform throughout the brain
Important functions such as emotions, behavior, and memory are linked to the many structures that make up the:
somatic nervous system
peripheral nervous system.
limbic nervous system.
central nervous system.
A signal that can cause an organism to react is a:
stimulus.
life span.
response.
movement.
A signal that can cause an organism to react is a:
life span.
response.
movement.
stimulus.
The 5th deep small lobe is present with each hemisphere that cannot be seen from the surface is called:
Plexus
Nuclei
Insula
Sulcus
In most persons, the left hemisphere of the brain:
received tactile information from the left side of the body
controls speech
is involved in spatial perception
controls the left side of the body
receives olfactory information from the right nostril
The sheath that surrounds the neuron and acts as insulation is called:
Myelin
Vesicle
Soleplate
Sarcomere
What are immediate involuntary responses to change in the environment
innate behavior
reflexes
intelligent behavior
learned behavior
The conscious awareness of stimuli or sensory receptors is called perception.
True
False
Chart used to test for color blindness
Jaeger Chart
Snellen Chart
Ishihara Chart
Nurse's Chart
NANDA Flow Chart
The fleshy part of the external ear on the outside of the head is the ________.
external auditory canal
ceruminous gland
tympanic membrane
auricle
middle ear
respond to fine, discriminative touch and are found just deep to the epidermis
Meissner corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
Merkel disks
Ruffini corpuscles
Free nerve endings
Photoreceptors are found in
the fibrous tunic
the neural part of the neural tunic
the vascular tunic
the pigmented part of the neural tunic
The auditory ossicles:
All of the choices are correct.
include the malleus, incus, and stapes
transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the round window.
decrease the vibrations from the tympanic membrane.
are located in the inner ear.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a special sense?
Vision
Equilibrium
Proprioception
Hearing
Olfaction
The spot where a number of blood vessels enter the eye, and where the optic nerve exits the eye, is called the ________. (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
optic disk.
fovea centralis.
macula.
blind spot
Information about the volume and pitch of a sound are transmitted to the brain via a branch of which cranial nerve:
VIII
I
IV
VI
III
Standardized chart for testing visual acuity
(a)
Axons from olfactory neurons: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) *
pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.
enter the olfactory bulbs and synapse with interneurons.
form cranial nerve I.
eventually relay information to the brain through the olfactory tracts.
The middle layer of the eye that, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris is the ________.
vascular tunic
crystalline lens.
conjunctiva
nervous tunic
fibrous tunic
The colored part of the eye is known
(a)
Loss of smell is also known as:
(a)
A common eye condition in which vision is lost because of damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve carries information about vision from the eye to the brain. In most cases, the optic nerve is damaged when the pressure of fluid inside the front part of the eye rises.
Anosmia
Tinnitus
Glaucoma
Cataract
An eye disease in which the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque, causing a decrease in vision
Cataract
Ageusia
Anosmia
Glaucoma
Tinnitus
The vestibule: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
has chambers with patches of specialized epithelium called maculae.
can be divided into the utricle and saccule.
is associated with static equilibrium
contains maculae, which have hair cells embedded into a gelatinous mass.
The ability to see many different color variations results from
the different varieties of retinal in each cone type.
stimulation of combinations of the three types of rods.
retinal detachment.
the sensitivity of rods to photons of light.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be _________________ when released into the bloodstream, but ______________ when released into synapses.
hormones
neurotransmitters
neuropeptides
neurohormones
Adrenal cortex hormone that secretes Aldosterone: Primary role is to maintain normal levels of sodium in the blood (sodium homeostasis) by causing sodium to be resorbed from the urine back into the blood in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. in this way aldosterone not only regulates blood sodium levels but also influences the potassium levels in the blood and blood pH.
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Gonadocorticoids
ADH increases reabsorption of what in the kidneys?
water
blood
calcium
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
a large excretion of urine occurs
blood glucose levels are very high
glucose is present in the urine in large amounts
excessive thirst is shown
What does the binding of epinephrine to its receptor activate?
D protein
A protein
K protein
G protein
Which cells of islet of Langerhans in pancreas normally produce insulin which is necessary for cellular utilization of glucose by most body cells.
Beta
Alpha
Detla
Gamma
Which statement regarding type II diabetes is true? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
It can develop at any age.
The body becomes insulin resistant and may make less and less insulin.
Exercise and diet can reverse it.
It is associated with obesity and low activity levels
Thyroid hormone contains the element
(a)
What is the name of the endocrine mode of reflex stimulation that releases hormones due to direct stimulation from changing levels of nutrients or ions in the blood?
nervous stimulation
humoral stimulation
paracrine stimulation
hormonal stimulation
Polypeptide hormones such as FSH and TSH, and biogenic amine hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine are all considered what kind of hormones?
hydrophilic
amphipathic
hydrophobic
anhydrous
A hormone that helps to increase sodium ion reabsorption in the kidney is called:
somatotropin
cortisol
aldosterone
thymosin
This is an autoimmune disorder that is a form of hyperthyroidism characterized by a goiter.
Grave's disease
Myxedema
Cretinism
Iodine deficiency thyroid
Diabetes insipidus is caused by:
insulin hyposecretion
ADH hyposecretion
ADH hypersecretion
Cortisol hyposecretion
Where are target cells for releasing hormones located?
anterior pituitary gland
thyroid gland
posterior pituitary gland
testes
The parathyroid glands are located on the __________ surface of the thyroid gland.
posterior
anterior
inferior
lateral
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they:
are derived from cholesterol
are lipids
bind to receptors inside the cell
are produced by reproductive glands
are produced by the adrenal medulla
What forms inner core of each adrenal gland and is a red-brown color due to extensive blood vessels and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine with sympathetic stimulation?
adrenal cortex
adrenal glands
adrenal medulla
glucocorticoids
In ____________ diabetes the body's immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually eliminating insulin production from the body. This is usually identified in people of 5 to 20 years old, and it requires insulin injections.
type I
type III
type II
type IV
Where are ADH and Oxytocin synthesized?
hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
pancreas
pituitary gland
Major processing center for substances absorbed by
intestinal tract.
(a)
LOCAL CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW
Sphincters relax blood flow increases.
Blood flow increases when oxygen levels decrease.
Concentration of nutrients also control blood flow..
Precapillary sphincters controlled by metabolic
needs of tissues
Local control achieved by relaxation and
contraction of precapillary sphincters
PORTAL SYSTEM
Vascular system that begins with capillaries in
viscera and ends with capillaries in liver.
Uses splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein.
Controls blood vessel diameter.
State of partial contraction of blood vessels.
Second branch off aortic arch; Supplies blood to the left side of head and neck.
LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
AXILLARY ARTERIES
BRACHIAL ARTERIES
PARTS OF THE AORTA
ASCENDING
AORTIC ARCH
DESCENDING
SINUSOID CAPILLARIES
TYPES OF CAPILLARIES
CONTINUOUS CAPILLARIES
FENESTRATED CAPILLARIES
SINUSOID CAPILLARIES
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION VESSELS
CAPILLARIES:
Contain only tunica intima.
Exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluids.
Blood flows from arterioles into capillaries.
Blood flow is regulated by smooth muscle cells,
precapillary sphincters.
Has direct contact with tissues; Branched to form a network called capillary bed.
Affects the hyoid bone, neck, and diaphragm.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS
CERVICAL PLEXUS
Affects the upper limbs, shoulders, and hands.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
CERVICAL PLEXUS
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS
IT AFFECTS LOWER LIMBS
(a)
SPINAL NERVES:
Contain axons sensory and somatic neurons.
Arise along spinal cord from union of dorsal roots and ventral roots.
Categorized by region of vertebral column from which it emerges (C for cervical).
Located between vertebra.
35 pairs
CONTAINS AXONS WHICH SYNAPSE WITH INTERNEURONS
(a)
contains autonomic neurons
(a)
contains somatic neurons
(a)
It is the simplest reflex
knee-jerk reflex
withdrawal reflex
stretch reflex
Also known as flexor reflex.
(a)
Also known as patellar reflex.
(a)
COMPONENTS OF BRAIN STEM:
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
HYPOTHALAMUS
PONS
MIDBRAIN
RESPONSIBLE FOR SLEEP WAKE CYCLE
(a)
RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROLLING BALANCE, MUSCLE TONE, AND COORDINATION OF FINE MOTOR
(a)
LOCATED BETWEEN BRAINSTEM AND CEREBRUM
DIENCEPHALON
DERMATONE
THALAMUS
The connection between two hemisphere
(a)
USED TO DIAGNOSE AND DETERMINE TREATMENT FOR BRAIN DISORDER
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
BASAL NUCLEI
PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
PREMOTOR AREA
Toughest of all the meninges.
ARACHNOID MATER
PIA MATER
DURA MATER
SECOND MININGEAL MEMBRANE THAT IS VERY THIN
DURA MATER
ARACHNOID MATER
PIA MATER
THIRD MENINGEAL MEMBRANE THAT IS VERY TIGHTLY BOUND TO THE SURFACE OF BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
(a)
WHERE PERSON IS AWAKE IN QUITE STATE
(a)
Bathes the brain and spinal cord, providing a protective cushion around the CNS.
(a)
ALSO KNOWN AS RIVER OF LIFE
(a)
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD?
Transport of gases, nutrients, waste products, and molecules.
Regulation of pH and osmosis
Maintenance of body temperature.
Protection against foreign substances and clot formation.
all of the choices
MAIN COMPONENT OF RED BLOOD CELLS
(a)
ANTIBODY OF O
(a)
