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WorksheetsNervous System Midway
Total questions: 89
Worksheet time: 45mins
Which following statement about neuroglia in CNS is not correct?
Astrocytes can form brain-blood barrier
Satellite cells can form glia limitans
Oligodendrocytes can form myelin sheath in CNS
Ependymal cells take part in choroid plexus
Which organization of the cerebellum from superficial to deep is correct?
white matter-› Molecular layer-> Purkinje cell layer-> Granular layer
Granular layer-> Purkinje cell layer-> Molecular layer -> white matter
Purkinje cell layer -> Molecular layer -> Granular layer-> white matter
Molecular layer-> Purkinje cell layer-> Granular layer-> white matter
Which following statement is not correct?
Perineurium wraps a nerve fascicle
Endoneurium surrounds an axon
Epineurium surrounds the whole nerve
Endoneurium can form a blood nerve barrier
Which of the following does not belong to basal ganglia?
Substantia nigra
Globus pallidus
Caudate nuclei
Putamen
Which of the following statements is wrong?
The pre-ganglionic nuclei of sympathetic nervous system locate at the lateral horn of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
The pre-ganglionic nuclei of parasympathetic nervous system locate at cranial nuclei and sacral spinal cord
The post-ganglionic nerves of parasympathetic nervous system terminate in the prevertebral ganglia
The post-ganglionic nerves of sympathetic nervous system mostly release norepinephrine except in sweat glands and blood vessels of skeletal muscle
The nerve fibers transmit the somatic sensation of our chin form the peripheral to the central region through
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Supraorbital foramen
Which of the following descriptions is wrong?
Superior sagittal sinus collects the venous blood forms superficial cerebral veins
Corpus callosum is beneath the falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli separates cerebellum and occipital lobe
Internal carotid arteries are surrounded by the inferior sagittal sinus
Which of the following contains only motor fibers?
Dorsal root
Dorsal ramus
Ventral root
Ventral ramus
Which of the regions listed does not contain preganglionic autonomic neurons?
Brainstem nuclei
Cervical cord
Thoracic Cord
Sacral cord
Which of the following is not the function of the facial nerve?
Contraction of stapedius muscle
Secretion of parotid gland
Special sensation of anterior two-third of tongue
Secretion of lacrimal gland
The projection fibers (from the cerebral cortex to lower components e.g. spinal cord) in the cerebral white matter form the
Internal capsule
Corpus callosum
Pyramidal tract
Cerebellar peduncles
Which of the nerve branches listed mainly form the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Which structure is not from the neural tube?
Trigeminal ganglion
Trigeminal nucleus
Dentate nucleus
Cauda equine is formed by
roots of spinal nerve
Spinal nerve
rami of spinal nerve
pia mater
Which item contains the structures that are not from the neural crest cells?
rachnoid, Digastic muscle. Odontoblast
Pia matter, ganglion satellite cells, Ependymal cells
Sympathetic ganglion. Schwann cells, medulla of adrenal gland
Incus, stylopharyngeus muscle, ciliary muscle
A 36-year-old man visits his primary care physician for an annual physical. The patellar tendon reflex is tested during the course of a routine neurological examination. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes this reflex?
monosynaptic reflex
Polysynaptic reflex
Activated by Golgi tendon organ
Inhibited by gamma motor neurons
In order to alleviate excruciating pain to the face, a surgical procedure of the fiber bundle mediating pain sensation from the face is made. Which structure is associated with the surgical procedure?
A
B
C
D
An elderly female patient complains that she cannot taste the food she eats. A careful neurological examination reveals no evidence of peripheral damage to the taste receptors. The evidence suggests, instead, that there is selective damage to certain regions of the brainstem. Which of the following sites would include damage that could result in the selective loss of taste?
Superior olivary nucleus
Inferior salivatory nucleus
Solitary nucleus
Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
A 55-year-old man was brought into the E-DA hospital with a severe burn on his left hand. The man had placed his hand on the burner of an electric stove but had not sensed anything wrong until he smelled burning flesh. Neurologic examination revealed loss of pain and temperature sensation over dermatomes C4 through T6 bilaterally: However, pain and temperature were perceived bilaterally both above C4 and below T6. Discriminative touch was present in unburned dermatomes on the left and in the right extremity. Although the left hand was too damaged to accurately assess muscle function, weakness and wasting of small muscles of the right hand were noted. Muscle strength and reflexes were otherwise normal, which following structure could be affected?
fasciculus gracilis
Caneate fasciculos
Lateral spinothalamic tract
rubosipinal tract
A patient is referred to a neurologist after complaining that he cannot see out of the right half of each eye. Which site is most likely affected by the lesion?
optic chiasma
left optic tract
right optic tract
right lateral geniculate body
The following auditory-related constructs.
a) Inferior colliculus
b) Cochlear nucleus
c) Medial geniculate nucleus
d) Trapezoid body
e) Lateral lemniscus
f) Auditory cortex
What is the order in the transmission of auditory messages?
b-e-d-c-a-f
b-d-e-a-c-f
b-e-d-a-c-f
b-d-e-c-a-f
Which of the following structures provides output from the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus
nucleus accumbens
GPe
GP internal segment (GPi)
Select the incorrect statement concerning dopamine input to the striatum.
D1 receptors of striatal neurons participate in the direct pathway
D2 receptors of striatal neurons participate in the indirect pathway
Both receptors participate in inhibition of movement
The dopamine input comes from SNc (substantia nigra compacta)
A 27-year-old was suffering from excruciating pain that could not be reduced or eliminated through drug treatment. A decision was made by the neurosurgeon to attempt to alleviate the pain by surgically cutting the pathway mediating pain impulses to the thalamus. In a case similar to that a patient was also suffering from excruciating pain. However, the neurosurgeon decided to try another approach to alleviate the pain. This approach involved the application of deep electrical stimulation to selected regions of the brain. Which of the following regions was selected for the application of stimulation in order to produce analgesia?
anterior nucleus of thalamus
Caudate nucleus
ventral horn of spinal cord
Periaqueductal gray
A 30-year-old male suffers a serious injury of the CNS that results from an industrial accident. A neurological evaluation suggests that the major input to the Flocculonodular lobe is damaged. Which of the following structures provides the major input to the flocculonodular lobe that was damaged?
Nucleus dorsalis of Clarke
Red nucleus
Vestibular nucleus
Midbrain reticular formation
An individual is referred to a neurologist because he is having difficulty moving his eyes horizontally to one side. The neurologist concludes that the individual has a vascular lesion. Which of the following structures were most likely affected by this lesion?
Paramedian pontine reticular formation
Ventrolateral medulla
Cranial nerve IV
Ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus
A female patient experiences a significant disruption in the circadian rhythm for various sex hormones and corticosterone. A tumor is discovered in the forebrain of this patient. Which of the following structures most likely contains the tumor?
posterior hypothalamic nucleus
Lateral hypothalamus
Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
A 69-year-old female suffered an infarction on the left side of her brain and presented with the following signs. Sensory loss on the right side of her body, parenthesis, and thalamic pain. Which of the following regions were affected by the infarctions?
Posterior thalamic nuclei
Anterior thalamic nuclei
Medial hypothalamic nuclei
Intralaminar thalamic nuclei
An investigator sought to determine the primary neuronal target structure in the brain which receives inputs from the inferior olivary nucleus. In order to complete this study, the investigator microinjected a tracer substance into the inferior olivary nucleus which was then transported from the cell bodies in the inferior olivary nucleus down the axons to their target structures. Which of the following structures would contain the tracer substance indicating that it constitutes a principal projection target of the inferior olivary nucleus?
cerebral cortex corticospinal tract
Cerebral cortex/inferior cerebellar peduncles
Cerebellar cortex/corticospinal tract
Cerebellar cortex/ inferior cerebellar peduncles
A patient presents with quite limited spontaneous speech, and an inability to repeat statements made by the examiner. yet an ability to follow instructions provided by the examiner. This patient may be suffering from:
Conduction Aphasia
Wemicko's Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Broca's Aphasia
Which of the following statements regarding the labeled structures in the diagram below is TRUE?
cells marked by B are innervated by axons that travel in a superior trajectory loop
cells marked by A are innervated by axons that travel in Meyer's loop
the receptive field of a cell located at C is closer to the foveal representation than the receptive field of a cell located at B
all above are correct
A 78-year-old man is found on the ground unconscious one morning and taken to the emergency room of E-Da hospital. After regaining consciousness he is unable to move his right hand or leg. Which of the regions shown in the illustration was most likely directly affected by the stroke?
A
B
C
D
Which structure receives major GABAergic input from neurons originating in the neostriatum?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following cranial nerves serve both sensory and motor functions?
Cranial nerve III, VII, XI, XII
Cranial nerve V, X, XI, XII
Cranial nerve III, V, VII, X
Cranial nerve V, VII, IX, X
Which of the following statements about cranial nerves is TRUE?
The olfactory cells synapse with mitral cells in the olfactory bulbs
Most of the fibers in the optic tract terminate in the medial geniculate body
Trochlear nerve supplies the inferior oblique muscle
Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland is supplied by the facial nerve
Which of the following statements is true of the pupillary light reflex?
Its efferent limb is carried in the optic nerve
It is mediated by the inferior colliculi in the midbrain
it's a consensual reflex
Its afferent limb is carried in the oculomotor nerve
The dorsal columns are organized:
Somatotopically with the medial fibers representing the cervical regions
Somatotopically with medial fibers representing sacral regions
With the medial fibers representing thoracic regions
There is NO somatotopic organization of the dorsal columns
Cell body of the first order neuron of lateral spinothalamic tract is located in
dorsal root ganglion
substsantia gelatinosa
nucleus cuneatus
nucleus dorsalis
Which of the following tracts send proprioceptive information from the upper extremities to the cerebellum?
Anterior spinocerebellar tracts
Lateral spinocerebellar tracts
Posterior spinocerebellar tracts
Medial spinocerebellar tracts
The summation of EPSPs from numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called
spatial summation
long-term potentiation
temporal summation
synaptic plasticity
A drug that inactivates acetylcholinesterase
inhibits the release of ACh from presynaptic endings
inhibits the attachment of ACh to its receptor protein
increases the ability of ACh to stimulate muscle contraction
does all of the above
The consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory appears to be a function of
the substantia nigra
the hippocampus
the cerebral peduncles
the arcuate fasciculus
Which of the following acts as a relay center for somatesthetic sensation?
The thalamus
The hypothalamus
The red nucleus
The cerebellum
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
utilizes norepinephrine as a postganglionic neurotransmitter
has a relatively short preganglionic neuron
utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter
includes the adrenal medulla
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord via the____root and then Join the spinal nerve and enter the ganglion via the______ramus. Most of the postganglionic fibers return to the spinal nerve via the____ramus
ventral: gray: white
ventral: white: gray
dorsal: gray: gray
dorsal: white: gray
People who have done a lot of endurance training can have a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute compared to the normal resting heart rate of 70-80 beats per minute. This decreased heart rate in trained individuals is the partial result of
increases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
decreases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
parasympathetic activity becoming more active and sympathetic activity becoming less active at rest
sympathetic activity becoming more active and parasympathetic activity becoming less active at rest
Which statement about the parasympathetic system drugs is not correct?
Bethanechol is a direct nicotinic receptor agonist and used to treat postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
Edrophonium is a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is use for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Physostigmine is an intermediate-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with significant CNS adverse effect
Atropine is antimuscarinic agent which has the adverse effect such as dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and blurred vision
Which statement about the sympathetic system drugs is not correct?
Epinephrine is an endogenous catecholamine and used to treat anaphylaxis
Prazosin is a alpha-receptor antagonist and used primarily in men with concurrent hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Propranolol is a B-receptor antagonist an id cannot be used for patients with asthma
Metoprolol is a B-receptor antagonist and provides a prophylactic effect for migraine
Which statement about the drugs used in parkinsonism is not correct?
Levodopa which is a dopamine precursor enters the brain and converts to dopamine
Entacapone inhibits dopa decarboxylase in peripheral tissues and is given with Levodopa
Pramipexol which is a dopamine agonist is used a s monotherapy in mild parkinsonism and can be used together with Levodopa in more advanced disease
Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase B Inhibitors and is used adjunctively with Levodopa
Which statement about the sedative-hypnotic Drug Bezodiaepines is not correct?
The drugs may depress respiratory and vasomotor centers in the medulla and lead to coma and death in overdoses
Bind to the GABA(A) receptor in neuronal membranes in the CNS, which functions as a chloride ion channel
Have sedation, hypnosis, anticonvulsant , and muscle relaxation actions
Physiologic dependence leads to a withdrawal state when the drug is abruptly discontinued
Which statement about the antidepressant is not correct?
The drugs have effects that enhance the CNS actions of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both
Patients typically vary in their responsiveness to individual agents
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are effective in patients with neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia
SSRIs have gastrointestinal and sexual adverse effects
Which statement about the drugs for psychoses and bipolar drugs is not correct?
The first generation antipsychotic drugs block brain dopamine receptors (especially D4 receptors)
The second generation antipsychotics drugs have greater affinity for serotonin 5-HT(2) receptors
The first generation antipsychotic drugs have extrapyramidal, tardive dyskinesias, hyperprolactinemia adverse effects
Lithium is effective in the treatment of the manic phase of bipolar disorder
Which disease is Not an X-linked disease?
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
adrenoleukodystrophy
Type X Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Which statement about adrenoleukodystrophy is Not true?
Mutations in the ABCD1 gene cause X-linked genetic disorder that occurs primarily in males
mainly affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands
accumulation of VLCFAs triggers an inflammatory response in the brain
Many affected neurons show cytoskeletal disease with accumulations of intermediate filaments in the cell body and in axons
Which statement of Ataxia-telangiectasia is Not true?
Affected individuals tend to have high C-reactive protein in their blood
is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the ATM gene in each cell have mutations
Affected children typically develop difficulty walking. problems with balance and hand coordination, involuntary jerking movements (chorea), muscle twitches (myoclonus), and disturbances in nerve function (neuropathy)
Affected individuals tend to have high alpha fetal protein in their blood
Which statement of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is Not true
is a group of progressive disorders that affect the central nerves
Type X Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX): is caused by mutations in a gene on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes
symptom is foot drop, wasting of muscle tissue of the lower parts of the legs, and High-arched feet
abnormalities in myelin and/or fiber
The causes of Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Autoimmune Disorder • antibodies attack ACh receptors at NMJ
Protrusion of nucleus pulposus
Demyelination of nerves
Decreased dopamine
Which of the following is not involved in responses of brain injury?
astrogliosis
microgliosis
demyelination
all of above is involved
Which of the following descriptions is wrong?
Cerebral edema is the accumulation of excess fluid within the brain parenchyma
Neural tube defects are associated with failure to close or inappropriate reopening of the developing neural tube
Rapid displacement of the head and brain can tear axons (diffuse axonal injury)
Regional ischemia is the most common type of ischemia stroke
Which of the following description is wrong?
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia caused by deposition of beta-amyloid
Parkinson's disease induces motor defects that is caused by substantia nigra degeneration
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease caused by remyelination
SOD gene mutation is involved in ALS pathogenesis
Which of the following is derived from the Basal plate?
olivary nucleus
cuneate nucleus
tectum
tegmentum
Which of the following adult brain structures develops from the metencephalon?
cerebellum
hypothalamus
tectum
Pyramid
Which of the following adult brain structures is not developed from rhombencephalon?
cerebellum
pons
tectum
Pyramid
What is the earliest area appearing of the cerebellum?
paleocerebellum
anterior lobe
posterior lobe
flocculonodular lobe
Which of the following pair of cranial nerves is derived from the prosencephalon?
optic nerve
oculomotor nerve
trigeminal nerve
vestibulocochlear nerve
At the age of 30, a male postal worker reported weakness in his right leg. Within a year the weakness had spread to his entire right side. A neurologic examination revealed flaccid paralysis, muscular atrophy, fasciculations, hypotonia, and hyporeflexia of muscles in the right arm and leg. Sensory and cognitive function tests were normal. Which of the following diagnosis is likely?
cerebral infarct in the region of the corona radiate
vestibulocerebellar tumor
Damage to the basal ganglia
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed a few years ago in a 53-year-old woman with diabetes. She recently noted abdominal distension and a feeling of being full after eating only a small portion of food, suggesting the neuropathy had extended to her enteric nervous system to cause gastroparesis. Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system is correct?
The myenteric plexus is a group of motor neurons located within circular layer of muscle in a portion of the gastrointestinal tract.
The submucosal plexus is a group of sensory neurons located between the circular muscle and the luminal mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract
Neurons comprising the enteric nervous system are located only in the stomach and intestine
The enteric nervous system can function independent of the autonomic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract
Childhood absence epilepsy was diagnosed in a 10-year-old boy. His EEG showed a bilateral synchronous, symmetric 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharge. Absence seizures
are a form of nonconvulsive generalized seizures accompanied by momentary loss of consciousness
are a form of complex partial seizures accompanied by momentary loss of consciousness
are a form of nonconvulsive generalized seizures without a loss of consciousness
are a form of simple partial seizures without a loss of consciousness
Which statement of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is Not true?
is a X-linked genetic disorder
abnormally high levels of these short-chain fatty acids in the body
affects the nervous system
affects the adrenal glands
Which statement of Alzheimer disease is Not true?
usually appears in people older than age 65
is a degenerative disease of the muscle
affected individuals usually survive 8 to 10 years after the appearance of symptoms
late-onset Alzheimer disease is probably related to variations in one or more genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors and APOE gene
Depolarization of an axon is produced by
inward diffusion of Na+
active extrusion of K+
outward diffusion of K+
inward active transport of Na+
As the strength of a depolarizing stimulus to an axon is increased,
the amplitude of action potentials increases
the duration of action potentials increases
the speed with which action potentials are conducted increases
the frequency with which action potentials are produced increases
The absolute refractory period of a neuron
is due to the high negative polarity of the inside of the neuron
occurs only during the repolarization phase
occurs during the depolarization phase
occurs during depolarization and the first part of the repolarization phase
The conduction of action potentials in a myelinated nerve fiber is
saltatory
without decrement
faster than in an unmyelinated fiber
all of the above
The summation of EPSPs from numerous presynaptic nerve fibers converging onto one postsynaptic neuron is called
spatial summation
long-term potentiation
temporal summation
synaptic plasticity
A drug that inactivates acetylcholinesterase
inhibits the release of ACh from presynatic endings
inhibits the attachment of ACh to its receptor protein
increases the ability of ACh to stimulate muscle contraction
does all of the above
Which of the following statements about the precentral gyrus is true?
It is involved in motor control
It is involved in sensory perception
It is located in the frontal lobe
Both a and c are true
Both b and c are true
Which of the following statements about the basal nuclei is true?
They are located in the cerebrum
They contain the caudate nucleus
They are involved in motor control
They are part of the extrapyramidal system
All of the above
In most people, the right hemisphere controls movement of
The right side od the body primarily
The left side of the body primarily
Both the right and left side of the body equally
The head and neck only
Comprehension poor; speech is fluent but meaningless
damage to Broca's area
damage to Wernicke's area
damage to angular gyrus
damage to precentral gyrus
In the control of emotion and motivation, the limbic system works together with
The pons
The thalamus
The hypothalamus
The cerebellum
The basal nuclei
The consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory appears to be a function of
the substantia nigra
the hippocampus
the cerebral peduncles
the arcuate fasciculus
the precentral gyrus
Which of the following acts as a relay center for somatesthetic sensation?
The thalamus
The hypothalamus
The red nucleus
The cerebellum
The superior colliculi are twin bodies within the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrain that are involved in
visual reflexes
auditory reflexes
relaying of cutaneous information
release of pituitary hormones
Which of the following does not have organelles?
dendrites
axon
axon hillock
cell body
Nissl body is similar to the following organelles
mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi body
Myelin sheath is mainly composed of which of the follwing substance?
Lipid
Protein
Glycoprotein
Glycerol
Schmidt-Lanterman clefts are mainly composed of which of the following?
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Schwann cells
Astrocyte
Which of the following cells surround the neuronal cell body in the ganglion?
Oligodendrocyte
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
Astrocyte
