Forcing someone or captured into service for an organization or government. U.S. soldiers forced to serve in British Navy

Groups of people sharing a common political philosophy and support candidates with that philosophy. Federalists & Democratic Republicans were the 1st groups in the U.S. Washington advised not to form because it could divide the country.

Events and government actions in relations to other countries. Not happening on our soil or territory.

Policy of separating and not participating in international relationships or events. Staying neutral and not joining a side.

Remaining independent and not taking sides on an issue.

Interference by a country in another's affairs

Something, typically money, that is owed. Usually after a war. Biggest problem Washington faced during his presidency.

An official trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

A union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

An illegal action inciting resistance lawful authority and tending to cause the disruption or overthrow of the government

A stated principle of government policy, mainly in foreign or military affairs. Ideas or beliefs believed to be true.

Existing or occurring inside a particular country. Events and battles happening on or soil or territory. Not foreign or international.

Farmers in Western Pennsylvania protesting tax on wheat. Washington had to send in troops to put down/stop the farmers. This proved that Washington was a strong leader and that the Federal Government has the final authority on laws.

U.S. only wanted to have control of New Orleans and the Mississippi River, & purchased from France for $15 million during Jefferson's presidency. Doubled the size of the U.S.

U.S. sent official to talk with French officials about France attacking our ships. 3 French agents stated we could talk to the French Prime Minister for a bribe of $250,000 and a loan to France for $10 million. U.S. declined by cancelling treaties with France, seizing French ships, & setting aside money to increase U.S. military.

Established the federal court system & supreme court with 5 justices (judges) including a chief justice.

Restored relations between U.S. & Britain, U.S. was victorious at the Battle of New Orleans, & officially ended the War of 1812

Promoted agriculture, wanted strict interpretation of the Constitution, supported farmers and workers, did not want a national bank, & led by Jefferson & Madison.

States can choose to not follow federal laws that are unconstitutional, or null and void. Reserved powers, or powers given to the states. Also the 10th Amendment.

President and Commander-In-Chief during the War of 1812.

Warned the nation to be neutral and to stay clear of permanent alliances with other nations. Also do not form political parties because it could divide/weaken the country.

Shipping interference, War Hawks, British support of American Indians in the NW Territory, & British impressment of U.S. sailors

Targeted immigrants & Democratic-Republicans, had to wait 5-14 years to become a citizen, & immigrants ordered out of the country during war time.

Avoided war with France, XYZ Affair, Convention of 1800, Alien & Sedition Acts, & midnight appointments happened during his presidency.

Increased cotton manufacturing in the U.S., improved professionalism of U.S. Army, U.S. now has international respect, & U.S. industrially independent of Europe

Increased in the U.S. after the War of 1812, & production of cotton was mass produced creating products by machines in factories.

Chief Justice John Marshall established judicial review. Only Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional. Supreme Court/Federal Court has final say/authority in interpreting the Constitution. M&M's = Jolly Ranchers.

Gives the government powers not stated in the Constitution by creating a national bank. Also known as necessary & proper clause. Allows government and Constitution to work.

Violated the 1st Amendment with freedom of speech. One could not criticize the government during war time, and not say or publish anything negative about the government.

European powers could no longer colonize or interfere with the nations of the Western Hemisphere, the Americas, or Latin American countries. American continents are forever free & independent from European powers. U.S. now seen as protector of Latin American countries.

Political leaders that established or founded the U.S., drafted the Declaration of Independence, & Constitution.

Washington's biggest problem or challenge as president.

Served as a symbol/model of American independence & perseverance, Was saved by Dolly Madison while the White House burned during the War of 1812, and painted by Gilbert Stewart.

Witnessed bombardment of Fort McHenry imprisoned on a British ship, wrote a poem about the bombardment titled "Defense of Fort McHenry", and the poem became the "Star Spangled Banner" our nation's National Anthem.

Andrew Jackson became a national hero by defeating the British in this battle that was also the last battle of the War of 1812.

Service & sacrifice for your country, concern for public affairs, & putting the country's needs above your own desires, wants, & needs.

Federalists point of view. Not following the Constitution 100%; such as the elastic clause. Government able to have powers not stated in the Constitution. Bend the rules a bit.

Chief justice on the Supreme Court that set a precedent of judicial review. Also ruled in the Supreme Court case Marbury vs. Madison.

Democratic-Republicans point of view, believed the power of the government is clearly stated and followed 100% in the Constitution.

Prevented involvement with the Napoleonic Wars, failed and hurt the American economy, prohibited Americans from trading with foreign countries.

Favored creation of the national bank, loose interpretation of the Constitution, & strong central government. Promoted manufacturing. Led by Hamilton & Adams

Forming a cabinet, only serving 2 terms as president, warned against forming political parties & not forming permanent foreign alliances

Marbury vs. Madison, Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, & Embargo Act all happened during his presidency.

Adams-Onis Treaty, Monroe Doctrine, & Era of Good Feelings happened during his presidency.

Debt from the Revolutionary War was a huge problem. Raising govt. revenue with tariffs, creating a national bank, & tax on whiskey helped to pay off war debt.

Farmers in Western Pennsylvania staged a protest against the unfair tax on wheat and then whiskey. Washington had to send in soldiers to put down the rebellion. Proved that Washington was willing to use the military to secure the nation.

Washington decided to issue his neutrality proclamation by officially stating that the U.S. was not going to get involved with a war between Britain & France. Political parties are starting to form supporting either Britain or France.

America was manufacturing own goods, increased American progress, only one political party (Democratic-Republicans), the American economy grew and flourished, & increased American nationalism (pride).

Goal was to find an all water route to the Pacific Ocean after the U.S. gained new territory because of the Louisiana Purchase, but one did not exist. What was discovered and brought back was a wealth of scientific and geographic information.

Believed the federal government has less power than the states, best government is the one least governed, opposed special privileges of the wealthy, refused to elevate himself because of his title, & believed in a nation of independent farmers.

Tie for the presidency between Jefferson & Burr. House of Representatives had to break the tie (12th amendment). Hamilton persuaded the House to vote Jefferson as president. Transition from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans in the executive branch.

Democratic-Republicans used states' rights (10th amendment) to fight & not enforce the Alien & Sedition Acts. The states will null & void the federal law (Alien and Sedition Acts) stating that it was unconstitutional violating the 1st Amendment.

Peace treaty agreeing to stop all naval attacks between the U.S. & France. Adams was able to avoid a war with France.

Spain ceded (gave up territory) Florida to the U.S. for $5 million helping to pay off Spanish debt.

Britain promised to leave the Ohio River Valley and pay damages to U.S. vessels.

Spain agreed that the U.S. could freely travel the Mississippi River, U.S. could store goods at the port of New Orleans, & the 31st parallel would be the southern boundary for the U.S.

Ended in 1810 provided that France & Britain would end their blockades against neutral trade. British continued impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy. In response, Madison declared war against Britain in 1812.

U.S. & Britain agreed to remove military fleets from the Great Lakes.