WorksheetsEarthquakes
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
break in rock caused by tension forces, where rock above the fault surface (hanging rock aka hanging wall) moves away and down from the main rock (foot rock aka foot wall)
Normal Fault
Reverse / thrust fault
Strike-Sip / lateral fault
Divergent fault
Which boundary creates a normal fault?
divergent
convergent
transform
A fault where the hanging wall slides up
reverse / thrust fault
strike-slip / lateral fault
normal fault
Which boundary creates a revers / thrust fault?
divergent
convergent
transform
Two sides of the fault slide against each other horizontally.
reverse / thrust fault
strike-slip / lateral fault
normal fault
Which boundary creates a strike-slip / lateral fault.
divergent
convergent
transform
The point underground where stress first causes the ground to break.
focus
epi center
The point on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
focus
epi center
The planar (flat) surface along which there is a slip during an earthquake.
reverse / thrust fault
strike-slip / lateral fault
normal fault
fault slip
waves that travel from the focus through the body of the earth (underground)
body waves
primary waves aka P waves
secondary waves aka S waves
surface waves
travel through the body of the earth (body waves), arrive first, push and pull what they travel through, can go through solid rock and liquid magma.
body waves
primary waves aka P waves
secondary waves aka S waves
surface waves
Why do P waves travel faster?
can travel through the body of the earth - can go through solid rock and liquid magma
they move material up and down; can go through rock but not liquid magma (1/2 of the speed of P waves
they are waves that travel from the epicenter across the earth's surface
always arrive after body waves; die out faster (travel less) than body waves; slower than body waves; more damaging than body waves.
Which describes secondary waves aka S waves?
can travel through the body of the earth - can go through solid rock and liquid magma
they move material up and down; can go through rock but not liquid magma (1/2 of the speed of P waves
they are waves that travel from the epicenter across the earth's surface
always arrive after body waves; die out faster (travel less) than body waves; slower than body waves; more damaging than body waves.
Which describes surface waves? Select all that apply.
can travel through the body of the earth - can go through solid rock and liquid magma
they move material up and down; can go through rock but not liquid magma (1/2 of the speed of P waves
they are waves that travel from the epicenter across the earth's surface
always arrive after body waves; die out faster (travel less) than body waves; slower than body waves; more damaging than body waves.
What does a seismograph record?
Radioactive Waves
Seismic Waves
Ultraviolet Rays
What is the purpose of a Richter Scale?
To determine the strength of an earthquake
To determine the weakness of an earthquake
To record the seismic waves.
To record music
The waves produced on the earth’s surface are called
Seismic Waves
Longitudinal Waves
Micro Wave
Radio Waves
Another name of fault zone
Tropical Zone
Subtropical Zone
Seismic Zone
_________ helps scientists in determining the power of the earthquake
Seismograph
Richter Scale
Scale that measures an earthquakes epicenter:
Richter scale and mercalli scale
ruler and digital scale
book and a wave machine
Magnitude and longitude
How do we measure the ground movement/energy release?
magnitude
intensity
amplitude
time lag
The main factor that effects the power of an earthquake as it relates to the location, building structure, magnitude, geological condition (ground density, depth of earthquake, and distance from epicenter) is the ____________ of the earthquake.
magnitude
intensity
amplitude
time lag
The main factor that effects the power of an earthquake as it relates to the location, building structure, magnitude, geological condition (ground density, depth of earthquake, and distance from epicenter) is the ____________ of the earthquake. Select all that apply.
magnitude
intensity
amplitude
time lag
How high the waves are:
magnitude
intensity
amplitude
time lag
Difference between the arrival of p-waves and s-waves.
magnitude
intensity
amplitude
time lag
How do earthquakes create tsunamis?
If there is an earthquake in the middle of the ocean, the plate is subducted and it catches the other plate and goes down with it making the other plate snap back up causing a big wave
seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore
What is a Tsunami
If there is an earthquake in the middle of the ocean, the plate is subducted and it catches the other plate and goes down with it making the other plate snap back up causing a big wave
seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore
What causes earthquakes?
convection cells push the plates and they push back and get stuck and the pressure builds and it breaks releasing the tension
Tsunami
Volcanoes
The Andes is an example of what type of fault?
convergent fault
divergent fault
strike-slip fault
normal fault
transform fault
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of what type of fault?
convergent fault
divergent fault
strike-slip fault
normal fault
transform fault
The San Andreas is an example of what type of fault? Select all that apply.
convergent fault
divergent fault
strike-slip fault
normal fault
transform fault
Transform and Strike-Slip faults are the same thing.
true - all transform faults are strike-slip faults as they move parallel to strike.
false, they are not the same.
This type of fault is usually formed by tectonic displacement, e.g. when an earthquake changes the elevation of the ground and can be caused by any type of fault, including strike-slip faults, whose motion is primarily horizontal.
scarp
reverse
A scarp is the elevation of the ground displacement caused by a fault, such as a transform / strike-slip fault.
true
false
A break or crack in the Earth's surface - caused by shifting and moving plates.
fault line
stress
deformation
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
fault line
stress
deformation
A change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust.
fault line
stress
deformation
A force that pulls on a material. Crustal plates pulling apart form each other or causing rift valleys.
fault line
tension
deformation
Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement.
shearing
deformation
compression
A force that pushes on or squeezes a material.
shearing
deformation
compression
What causes tsunamis? Select the best answer.
The elastic rebound at a plate boundary under water releasing energy.
The movement of tectonic plates.
As magma moves, the rocks around it crack as a result of pressure and temperature. This cracking is felt as earthquakes.
Before any volcano forms, as magma first begins to push through Earth's crust to form a hot spot, would this be likely to generate seismic activity? Why or why not?
The elastic rebound at a plate boundary under water releasing energy.
The movement of tectonic plates.
As magma moves, the rocks around it crack as a result of pressure and temperature. This cracking is felt as earthquakes.
Why is understanding plate tectonics a prerequisite to understanding earthquakes?
The elastic rebound at a plate boundary under water releasing energy.
The movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes.
As magma moves, the rocks around it crack as a result of pressure and temperature. This cracking is felt as earthquakes.
The bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth's crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress is called
deformation
tension
stress
Transform plate motion stems from a strike slip fault and the earthquake is characterized as
moderate and slow
strong and deep
weak and shallow
Transform plate motion stems from a strike slip fault and the earthquake is characterized as
moderate and slow
strong and deep
weak and shallow
Divergent plate motion stems from a normal fault and the earthquake is characterized as
moderate and slow
strong and deep
weak and shallow
Plates on the Earth's surface, pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as
tectonic plates
Plate tectonics
A scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of Earth's lithosphere; theory is that these processes began on Earth between 3.3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
tectonic plates
Plate tectonics
The sudden release (snapping back) of stored strain in rocks that results in movement along a fault
elastic rebound
focus
epi center
tsunami
