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AP Biology Gene Expression & Regulation

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein? (Central Dogma)
a)
RNA to DNA to protein
b)
DNA to RNA to protein
c)
protein to DNA to RNA
d)
RNA to protein to DNA
2.
What is the term for making an RNA copy of DNA?
a)
Transription
b)
Translation
c)
Folding
d)
Coding
3.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
4.

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though they look and perform completely different?

a)

The two different cells become mutated

b)

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

c)

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

d)

The genome of the different cells changes

5.

In eukaryotes, DNA is tightly coiled around ____ in chromatin

a)

Histones

b)

Whey

c)

Casein

d)

Hemoglobin

6.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Rough E.R.
7.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

a)

the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.

b)

transcription factors have bound to the promoter.

c)

the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.

d)

the DNA introns are removed from the template.

8.
Which of the follwoing best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?
a)
it is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor
b)
it sets the reading frame of the mRNA
c)
it is the recognition site for ribosomal binding
d)
it signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
9.
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?
a)
5' to 3' 
b)
3' to 5' along the template strand
c)
3' to 5' along nontemplate(coding) strand
d)
5' to 3' along the template strand
10.
A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed.
a)
methylation
b)
acetylation
c)
transcription
d)
translation
11.
Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?
a)
the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNA
b)
the binding of transcription factors to a promoter
c)
the removal of introns and splicing together of exons
d)
gene amplification contributing to cancer
12.
The parts of a gene that do NOT code for amino acids in a protein are called
a)
introns
b)
exons
c)
codons
d)
anticodons
13.
The production of mature mRNA in eukaryotes involves
a)
cutting introns out and spicing exons together
b)
adding the 5' cap
c)
adding the 3' poly A tail
d)
all of these are correct
14.
What is the function of the poly-A tail in mRNA?
a)
to add modified guanin to the 3' end of the mRNA
b)
to indicate the site of translational termination
c)
to code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA
d)
to help protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes 
15.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
16.
Which of the following events in translation is the first to occur in eukaryotes?
a)
elongation of the polypeptide
b)
base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA
c)
binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits
d)
the small subunit of the ribosome recognizing and attaching to the 5'cap
17.
What must happen to a newly made polypeptide before it can be secreted from a cell?
a)
it must be translated by a ribosome that remains free of attachment to the ER
b)
its signal sequence must target it to the ER, after which it goes to the Golgi
c)
Its signal sequence must be cleaved off
d)
Its signal sequence must target it to the plasma membrane
18.
What amino acid sequence will be produced based on the mRNA codon sequence
5'-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3'
a)
met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser
b)
met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
c)
met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu
d)
met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu
19.
Translation occurs:
a)
Outside of the Nucleus
b)
Inside of the Nucleus
20.
Translation is crucial to the process of making proteins. Which statement best describes what takes place during translation? 
a)
A copy of chromosomal DNA is created 
b)
Information in mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids in a protein 
c)
A RNA copy of a DNA strand is made.
d)
Instructions from DNA in the nucleus are brought to the cytoplasm 
21.

What is the correct description of eukaryotic chromosomes?

a)

many linear pieces of DNA in the cytoplasm

b)

many linear pieces of DNA in the nucleus

c)

one circular piece of DNA in the cytoplasm

d)

many circular pieces of DNA in the nucleus

22.
The anticodon is located on 
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
rRNA
23.

Group of structural and regulating genes that function as a single unit.

a)

operon

b)

promoter

c)

activator

d)

inducer

24.

In an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription.

a)

operator

b)

promoter

c)

initiator

d)

repressor

25.

In an operon, the sequence of DNA that serves as a binding site for a repressor, and thereby regulates the expression of structural genes.

a)

promoter

b)

inducer

c)

operator

d)

repressor

26.

In an operon, protein molecule that binds to an operator, preventing transcription of structural genes.

a)

operator

b)

inducer

c)

promoter

d)

repressor

27.

Gene that codes for an enzyme in a metabolic pathway.

a)

regulator gene

b)

structural gene

c)

operon

d)

intron

28.

In an operon, a gene that codes for a protein that regulates the expression of other genes.

a)

structural gene

b)

regulator gene

c)

intron

d)

exon

29.

Operon that is normally active because the repressor is normally inactive.

a)

Intron

b)

Exon

c)

repressible operon

d)

expressible operon

30.

Molecule that binds to a repressor, allowing the repressor to bind to an operator in a repressible operon.

a)

inducer

b)

corepressor

c)

intron

d)

exon

31.

Molecule that brings about activity of an operon by joining with a repressor and preventing it from binding with the operator.

a)

promoter

b)

operator

c)

inducer

d)

intron

32.

In a catabolic pathway, an operon causes transcription of the genes controlling a group of enzymes.

a)

inducible operon

b)

repressible operon

c)

intron

d)

exon

33.

An inheritance pattern in which a nuclear gene has been modified but the changed expression of the gene is not permanent over many generations.

a)

dominance

b)

recessiveness

c)

polygenic

d)

epigenetic inheritance

34.

In eukaryotes , protein required for the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase.

a)

promoter

b)

transcription activator

c)

transcription factors

35.

Altered gene whose sequence of bases differs from the previous sequence.

a)

exon

b)

intron

c)

mutation

d)

transcription error

36.

Mutation that arises as a result of anomalies in normal biological processes, such as mistakes made during DNA replication.

a)

Induced mutation

b)

spontaneous mutation

37.

Environmental agent that causes mutations leading to the development of cancer.

a)

carcinogens

b)

activators

c)

mutagens

38.

Change of one base only in the sequence of bases in a gene.

a)

substitution

b)

point mutation

c)

frameshift mutation

d)

deletion

39.

Insertion or deletion of at least one base so that the reading frame of the corresponding mRNA changes.

a)

substitution

b)

point mutation

c)

deletion

d)

frameshift mutation

40.
In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria & mice, Griffith found that 
a)
the protein coat from pathogenic cells was able to transform nonpathogenic cells.
b)
heat-killed pathogenic cells caused pneumonia.
c)
some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
d)
the polysaccharide coat of bacteria caused pneumonia.
41.
The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis 
a)
progresses away from the replication fork.
b)
occurs in the 3' to 5' direction.
c)
produces Okazaki fragments
d)
depends on the action of DNA polymerase
42.
E. coli cells grown on N-15 medium are transferred to N-14 medium and allowed to grow for 2 more generations.  DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged.  What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?
a)
one high-density and one low-density band
b)
One intermediate-density band
c)
one high-density and one intermediate-density band
d)
one low-density and one intermediate-density band
43.
Which of the following mutations would be MOST likely to have a harmful effect on an organism?
a)
a deletion of three nucleotides near the middle of a gene.
b)
a single nucleotide deletion in the middle of an intron.
c)
a single nucleotide deletion near the end of a coding sequence.
d)
a single nucleotide insertion downstream of, and close to, the start of the coding sequence.
44.
What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?
a)
DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides to the 3' end of the preexisting strand.
b)
Helicases and single-strand binding proteins work at the 5' end.
c)
The origins of replication occur only at the 5' end.
d)
DNA ligase works only in the 3' to 5' direction
45.
Seals the Okazaki fragments together
a)
DNA Polymerase
b)
ligase
c)
helicase
d)
primase
46.

How do the leading and the lagging strands differ?

a)

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.

b)

The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.

c)

The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

d)

The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5? end.

47.
Which enzyme is needed to start DNA replication?
a)
DNA Polymerase
b)
Topoisomerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
48.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?
a)
The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.
b)
One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
c)
The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.
d)
Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands
49.
What is meant that DNA replication follows a “semi-conservative” model?
a)
After DNA replication, each strand contains one side that is a parental strand and the other side is a daughter strand.
b)
After DNA replication, one completed strand contains only parental DNA while the other contains only daughter DNA.
c)
None of these identify the “semi-conservative” model.
d)
After DNA replication, one completed strand contains a mixture of both parental DNA and daughter DNA dispersed throughout the strand.
50.
Suppose a double-stranded DNA molecule was shown to have 15% adenine bases. What would be the expected percentage of guanine bases in that molecule?
a)
15%
b)
35%
c)
85%
d)
Not enough information

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