Filter feeders that are known as the simplest of animals, once mistaken by ancient Greek people as plants

In sponges, water is drawn into a central cavity called: ____

After passing thru the spongocoel, the water flows out of a larger opening called ____.

Sponges diverged early from other animals. Thus, they are called ____.

These cells line the interior of the spongocoel and engulf bacteria and other food particles.

Another term for choanocytes

Sponge cells that are known for their use of pseudopodia, moving thru the mesohyl to perform various functions such as taking up food from water.

Amoebocytes are capable of becoming other types of cells

Most sponges are ____. Each individual functions as both male and female in reproduction.

Diploblastic and radially symmetrical like cnidarians. They have 8 "combs" of cilia that propel them in water.

All animals except sponges and a few other groups are classified under this group. Also called "true animals" because of the presence of tissues.

A single opening to this cavity/central digestive system of a cnidarian serves as both mouth and anus.

Type of cnidarian that is primarily sedentary cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate thru the aboral end of their body.

A flattened, mouth-down version of a polyp cnidarian.

Tentacles of cnidarians are armed with batteries of ____, cells that function in defense and prey capture. Contained in these are ____, capsule-like organelles capable of exploding outward.

____ are specialized cnidae that contain a stinging thread that can penetrate the body surface of a cnidarian's prey.

Major group of Cnidarians that include polyps such as anemones and corals.

Aside from anthozoans, another major group is medusozoans. One group under medusozoans that include jellies and generally have no polyp stage in their lifetime.

What makes cube jellies or cubozoans distinct from other medusozoans.

The third type of medusozoans. They have two forms: polyp and medusa.

Many species of Anthozoans secrete hard ____ made of calcium carbonate.

The vast majority of animal species belong to the clade ____, whose members exhibit bilateral symmetry.

Three major clades of Bilaterians.

Lophotrochozoans develop a structure called ____, a crown of ciliated tentacles that function in feeding.

____ live in marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial habitats that include free-living as well as parasitic species such as tapeworms and trematodes.

Flatworms have thin bodies that are flattened dorsoventrally. Flatworms are under the Phylum ____.

Flatworms are (a) triploblastic and (b) have a body cavity called a hemocoel.

Gas exchange and elimination of nitrogenous waste occur in flatworms through ____.

Flatworms have no organs for gas exchange. Instead, they have a relatively simple excretory apparatus that functions to maintain osmotic balance. This apparatus consists of ____ which are networks of tubules with flame bulbs (ciliated structures that pull fluid)

Flatworms (a) lack a circulatory system and (b) most have a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening.

Free-living species of flatworms are important as predators and scavengers. The best-known members of this group are the freshwater species in the genus Dugesia, also known as ____.

A group of parasitic flatworms that include the species Schistosoma.

Second large/diverse group of parasitic rhabditophorans that can live in a person's digestive tract.

Phylum that includes rotifers and acanthocephalans.

Rotifers possess ____ instead of gastrovascular cavities.

An alimentary canal is a digestive tube with how many openings?

Rotifers have "tophi" which are ____.

Rotifers reproduce through parthenogenesis which is the ____.

Also called "spiny-headed worms", these are sexually-reproducing parasites of vertebrates.

A group of Bilaterians whose name literally means "outside anus". In most species, the colonies are encased in a hard exoskeleton studded with pores through which lophophores extend.

Also called "lamp shells", they are similar to clams but the two halves are dorsal and ventral instead of lateral.

Molluscs with an oval-shaped body and eight dorsal overlapping plates

Molluscs with soft bodies enclosed in a spiral shell.

The basic body plan of a mollusc includes a muscular foot, a mantle, and a ____ that contains most of its internal organs.

Cuttlefish and nautiluses have tentacles surrounding the mouth. What type of mollusc are they?

Annelida literally means ____

Annelids have a hemocoel instead of a coelom

Chaetae or setae are found in the ____ of annelids. These are present in Errantians.

Leeches are examples of Sedentarians. They produce a substance called ____ that keeps blood from coagulating.