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WorksheetsHydrology Review
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 59mins
The water cycle describes the movement of water on Earth. About 96% of water on Earth is the salt water found in oceans. The remaining 4% is fresh water. Where would the majority of the fresh water on Earth be found?
groundwater and aquifers
swamps and wetlands
ice caps and glaciers
lakes and rivers
Which factor has the greatest effect on a community's stores of fresh water?
the location of the nearest ocean
the average annual rainfall
the location of the nearest mountain
the average winter temperature
Estuaries are called 'the nurseries of the sea' because many species lay eggs and develop their young in estuaries. Which two features of estuaries support this role the MOST?
concentrated nutrients and steep salt gradient
abundant shelter and concentrated nutrients
a steep salt gradient and shallow water
shallow water and abundant shelter
A student is creating a model of a steam in a forested mountain watershed. Which of these features might be included in the model to show how the stream could overload with sediment?
a cabin near the stream
rocks in the middle of the stream
acres of cleared forest above the stream
grasses growing along the banks of the stream
Wastewater from homes is not all the same. Greywater refers to home wastewater from sinks and tubs it does not contain human biological wastes, so it can be reused instead of being treated as sewage. Which uses of greywater demonstrate good stewardship?
washing dishes and drinking
drinking and irrigating flowerbeds
irrigating flowerbeds and watering trees
watering trees and washing dishes
Which two behaviors BEST demonstrate stewardship?
increasing consumption, discarding wastes
reducing consumption, discarding wastes
increasing consumption, recycling wastes
reducing consumption, recycling wastes
The specific bioindicator we used were macroinvertebrates. What is a macroinvertebrate?
large enough to be seen without a microscope with no backbone (bugs)
any bioindicator
nitrates
any living things in the water
What piece of equipment do we use to measure turbidity?
a chemical test
bioidicators
a secchi disk
incision ration
What is salinity?
The property of containing salt
The amount of suspended solids
Describes the condition of the water
Describes how acidic or basic water is
Where are nitrates and phosphates found?
Fertilizer
Manure
Detergent
All of the above
Why are too many nutrients (like nitrates and phosphates) bad for our waters?
Nutrients decrease the pH of the water, causing it to become increasingly acidic
Nutrients change the salinity of the water
Wetlands filter out runoff that may contain nutrients
Nutrients in the water cause too much algae growth, which decrease the level of oxygen in the water
What is pH?
The property of containing salt
The measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water
The amount of suspended solids in water
The measurement of the acidity or basicity of water
pH value of less than 7 is considered to be
polluted.
basic.
like drain cleaner.
acidic.
pH greater than 7 is considered to be
neutral.
basic.
acidic.
polluted.
Temperature of the water impacts
what kind of organisms can live in rivers, creeks and lakes.
the amount of dissolved oxygen.
the amount of minerals dissolved in the water.
all of the above
Too far above or below a preferred range of temperature will
decrease the number of individuals in a species.
increase a plant's ability to do photosynthesis.
not matter because we did not measure this.
not act as limiting factor.
Cold water holds more dissolved oxygen than warm water.
True
False
A watershed is
just the French Broad river and the land that surrounds it
an area of land that drains all the streams and rainfall to a common outlet such as the outflow of a reservoir, mouth of a bay, or any point along a stream channel.
not usually impacted by humans.
a small building that contains a water pump.
Which of the following IS NOT true about groundwater?
Groundwater is the largest freshwater source on Earth.
Groundwater is freshwater beneath Earth’s surface.
Groundwater is the largest liquid freshwater source for humans.
Groundwater can maintain streamflow during times of drought.
Which of the following implies the same thing as the word "aquifer"?
zone of saturation
zone of aeration
zone of soil moisture
zone of twilight
The top of an aquifer is known as:
the water table.
an artesian well.
the hydraulic gradient.
a geyser.
Which of the following are wells used for? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!
Wells are used to determine the height of the water table.
Wells are used to obtain water for crop irrigation.
Wells are used to obtain water for human consumption.
Wells are used to create barriers between aquifers, called aquatards.
A place where the water table meets the ground surface and where a natural flow of groundwater results is called:
a spring.
a geyser.
an aquatard.
a fissure.
What is the most common method for removing groundwater?
a well bored into the zone of saturation
accessing the water table by use of low-grade explosives
building a water tower
damming up a river
Which of the following depicts an artesian well?
Which of the following is a hydrological problem currently facing the High Plains of the United States?
over-pumping of the Ogallala aquifer
compaction of the San Joaquin valley
mass amounts of human contamination seeping into the aquifer
flooding of Lake Mead
What is infiltration?
The process by which water sinks into the ground
The zone where there are still air spaces left between the particles.
The process by which water vapor turns into liquid water and forms fog or clouds.
The process by which water does not sink into the ground, but rather travels along the surface.
Which surface would be impermeable?
The water is able to flow the pore spaces, what type of rock is it?
permeable
impermeable
aquifer
geyser
If water is not able to flow through the rock, the rock is?
permeable
impermeable
geyser
aquifer
What is a geyser?
A place where groundwater is superheated which builds pressure and causes shooting hot steam in the air.
A cold spring that creates a fountain
a type of spring
None of the Above
Water collects in an aquifer because the layer below it is
permeable (water can pass through it)
impermeable (water can not pass through it)
transparent
True/false: Almost everything that happens on land, has an impact on surface water and groundwater.
true
false
Runoff picks up whatever is on the ground including
fertilizer and pesticides
household chemicals and soap from washing cars
chemicals from factories
oil
all the above
Sources of water pollution include all of the following EXCEPT:
Suburban homes
Farms and golf courses
Parking lots and city streets
Water treatment plants
Factories
How can air pollution from cars and factories end up in our water??
Oil drips from cars onto roads
Air pollutants can dissolve in rain water
We use soap to wash cars
How can you help reduce water pollution?
Use less fertilizer and pesticides
Take paint, cleaners, and old medication to safe disposal sites
Clean up pet waste and litter
All the above
What is the first step in the water treatment process?
coagulation
filtration and removal of debris, sand, grit, etc.
flocs
concentation
Preliminary treatment
prevents toxic chemicals.
removes large objects.
is unnecessary.
is useless.
Which substance is used in a sewage treatment system to kill harmful bacteria?
ammonia
chlorine
sand
soap
The final step of the water treatment process is...
Coagulation
Disinfection
Filtration
Sedimentation
Flocculation
Which method introduces microorganisms to break down hazardous organic compounds?
Sanitary landfill
Incineration
Discharge to sewers, streams, and rivers
Chemical treatment
Biological treatment
What are pathogens?
Chemicals
Particles clumped together.
All the organisms that live in bodies of water.
Organisms that cause mild to severe disease.
Water that is "potable" means...
the water has been treated.
the water has been desalinated.
the water is considered to be wastewater.
the water is safe to drink.
What is a wastewater treatment plant?
The place where water is cleaned, filtered and tested before re-entering the water cycle.
The place where water is cleaned, filtered and tested before going to our houses.
The network of pipes that carry sewage (dirty water) from our houses.
The place where water is bottled for drinking.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
Water is an acid.
Water is a versatile solvent.
Water has a high specific heat.
Water acts as a buffer.
Surface tension is the property of water in which...
water molecules at the surface tend to stick together.
water spills easily.
water tends to be see-through.
water tends to push up into a dome over a container before it finally spills.
Describe COHESION.
Water molecules attracted to other substances.
Water molecules climbing upwards against the force of gravity.
Water molecules dissolving many substances because of its polarity.
Water molecules attracted to other water molecules.
Water's ability to stick to glass is
adhesion
cohesion
surface tention
capillary action
surface tension of water can be reduced by
heating
Adding soap solution
cooling
adding salt
