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Radioactivity

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 2hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
This particle determines what element you have - the elements identity.
a)
electron
b)
proton
c)
neutron
d)
valence shell
2.
What is the number of protons that the element in this image contain?
a)
14
b)
7
c)
15
d)
18
3.

An isotope of an element has the same number of _________, but a different number of _________.

a)

Protons, electrons

b)

Protons, neutrons

c)

Electrons, neutrons

d)

Neutrons, protons

4.

A radioactive nuclide has a ____ stable nucleus than a non-radioactive nucleus of the same element.

a)

more

b)

less

c)

identical

d)

small

5.
What makes something radioactive?
a)
elements with an atomic number above 81
b)
an unstable nucleus
c)
contaminated sewage
d)
It decays over time
6.
In order of most to least penetrating radiation we have
a)
Alpha , Beta,  Gamma
b)
Beta , Gamma , Alpha
c)
Gamma, Beta, Alpha
d)
Gamma, Alpha, Beta
7.

Which type of radiation releases an electron?

a)

Alpha radiation

b)

Beta radiation

c)

Gamma radiation

d)

Theta radiation

8.
Which type(s) of radiation would be affected by a magnet?
a)
alpha only
b)
beta only
c)
alpha and beta
d)
gamma only
9.
Which type of radioactive decay is occurring in this equation? 
a)
Alpha decay
b)
beta decay
c)
gamma decay
d)
positron emission
10.

Finish the following alpha decay reaction:

a)
b)
c)
11.

Complete the following beta decay reaction:

a)
b)
c)
12.

What is an isotope?

a)

forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of electrons but different numbers of protons

b)

forms of the same element

c)

forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

d)

An atom with no nucleus

13.

What type of decay is shown here

23892U ---> 23490Th + 42He.

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

14.

Identify the type of nuclear decay shown here

21483Bi → 0-1e + 21484Po

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

15.
When a nucleus undergoes nuclear decay by gamma rays, the atomic number of the element....
a)
remains the same
b)
  decreases by one.
c)
increases by one.
d)
increases by two.
16.
Solve this equation for alpha decay.
85209At = ___ + 24He
a)
83205Bi
b)
86209Rn
c)
81207Tl
d)
85208At
17.

Identify the missing substance in each of the following nuclear reaction.

_____→13756 Ba + 0−1 e

a)

13755Ba

b)

13757La

c)

13856Ba

d)

13755Cs

18.
In the symbol 20682Pb what does 206 stand for?
a)
Mass number
b)
Atomic number
c)
Atomic mass
d)
Number of protons
19.
Solve this equation for beta decay.
2760Co = ___ + -10e
a)
2556Mn
b)
2860Ni
c)
2358V
d)
2759Co
20.

When an isotope undergoes alpha decay, its atomic and mass numbers (Z and A) change as follows:

a)

Z and A decrease by two units.

b)

Z and A decrease by 4 units.

c)

Z decreases by 2 units and A decreases by 4 units.

d)

Z decreases by 4 units and A decreases by 2 units.

21.

U-238 emits radiation that is stopped by a sheet of paper. Which type of radiation is emitted?

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

22.

Those patients who develop tyroid cancer are treated with a certain radioactive isotope before attending surgery. The isotope is ...

a)

As-74

b)

Tc-99

c)

I-131

d)

Na-24

23.

The radioactive surgery used in archaeology to date organic remains is...

a)

C-12

b)

U-238

c)

C-14

d)

U-235

24.

Uranium has two isotopes but only one of them is radioactive. Which one?

a)

U-235

b)

U-238

25.

The term given to unstable radioactive atoms.

a)

Parent

b)

Daughter

c)

Half Life

d)

Igneous

26.

A scientist counts radioactivity as 120 counts per minute. The background count is 10 counts per minute. Which value should be recorded

a)

12 counts per minute

b)

110 counts per minute

c)

130 counts per minute

d)

1200 counts per minute

27.
When a nucleus undergoes nuclear decay by gamma rays, the atomic number of the element....
a)
remains the same
b)
  decreases by one.
c)
increases by one.
d)
increases by two.
28.
The type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the ____.
a)
alpha particle
b)
beta particle
c)
gamma ray
d)
uranium
29.

What makes something radioactive?

a)

Contaminated sewage

b)

Fighting with the Hulk

c)

Imagine dragons

d)

Unstable nucleus

30.

Name the instrument used to detect radioactivity?

a)

Voltmeter

b)

Ohmeter

c)

Geiger counter

d)

Seismograph

31.

Which types of radiation can be affected by magnetic field?

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

32.

Which type(s) of radiation is the most ionising?

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

d)

alpha and beta

e)

beta and gamma

33.

Which type(s) of radiation is a fast moving electron?

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

d)

alpha and beta

e)

beta and gamma

34.

When Uranium decays it emits an alpha particle, forming an isotope of Thorium. Which of the above decay equations is correct?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

35.

In the above decay equation, what are the missing numbers x and y?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

36.

Solve this equation for alpha decay.

85209At = ___ + 24He (If you need to sing to remember, please do...)

a)

83205Bi

b)

86209Rn

c)

81207Tl

d)

85208At

37.

Gamma radiation has

a)

the mass of an electron and a charge of +1

b)

the mass of an electron and a charge of -1

c)

a mass of 4 AMU and a charge of 2+

d)

no mass or charge

38.

Radioactive materials should be handled carefully.

Which safety precaution does not reduce the risk to people using a radioactive material?

a)

keeping the material a long distance from people

b)

keeping the material at a low temperature

c)

using lead screening between the material and people

d)

using the material for only a short time

39.

α, β and γ-radiations are emitted by radioactive substances.

Which statement is correct?

a)

α-radiation consists of charged particles and is the most highly ionising radiation.

b)

β-radiation consists of charged particles and is the most penetrating radiation.

c)

β-radiation consists of uncharged particles and is the least highly ionising radiation.

d)

γ-radiation consists of uncharged particles and is the least penetrating radiation.

40.

 β−\beta^-  decay usually occurs when

a)

the nucleus has too many neutrons

b)

the nucleus has too many protons

c)

there nucleus has too many protons and neutrons

41.

Gamma radiation is emitted when

a)

A neutron decays into a proton and an electron and the electron is ejected from the nucleus

b)

A proton decays into a neutron and a positron, and the positron is ejected from the nucleus

c)

A neutron decays into a positron and an electron, which then annihilate

d)

A proton captures a low orbit electron and turns into a neutron

42.

Gamma radiation has

a)

the mass of an electron and a charge of +1

b)

the mass of an electron and a charge of -1

c)

a mass of 4 AMU and a charge of 2+

d)

no mass or charge

43.

In the equation, 146C --> 147N + 0-1B, the _______ decay of radioactive carbon-14 results in the creation of a new nitrogen-14 atom.

a)

Gamma

b)

Beta

c)

Alpha

44.
How is the alpha particle written in a nuclear equation?
a)
42He
b)
24He
45.
Uranium-238  decays into  Thorium-234  by emitting .........
a)
an alpha particle
b)
a beta particle
c)
gamma rays
d)
visible light
46.
A helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons is called a(n) ____.  
a)
alpha particle
b)
electroscope
c)
beta particle
d)
gamma ray
47.
The diagram shows the path of radioactive rays, S and T. Which of the following shows the type of ray S and ray T?
a)
ray S= alpha.  ray T=beta
b)
ray S= alpha   ray T=gamma
c)
ray S= beta.    ray T=gamma
d)
ray S= gamma.  ray T= beta
48.

What does the graph show is needed to keep the nucleus stable?

a)

As protons increases, more neutrons are needed.

b)

As protons increases, less neutrons are needed.

c)

As neutrons increase, less protons are needed.

49.

What is likely to happen to unstable nuclei with too many, or too few, neutrons?

a)

They will decay by emitting radiation.

b)

They will loose all their electrons.

c)

They will bond with other atoms.

50.

What could an unstable nucleus emit?

a)

Alpha, gamma, beta, and sometimes a neutron.

b)

Alpha, beta, gamma, and sometimes delta

c)

Alpha, beta, delta, and sometimes gamma

51.
If we start off with element 24X50 after an alpha decay we get another element Y that looks like
a)
22Y50
b)
22Y46
c)
20Y48
d)
26Y54
52.

Which of these is a use of alpha radiation?

a)

Sterilising food

b)

Smoke detectors

c)

Monitoring paper thickness

d)

Industrial tracers

53.
For which of the following problems would a scientist most likely use carbon-14? 
a)
to calculate the age of the Earth's oldest rocks
b)
to calculate the age of a piece of bone 
c)
to identify the elements that make up a rock 
d)
to identify the elements that make up a bone
54.
Radioactive tracers are useful in ____.
a)
calculating the ages of fossils 
b)
fueling nuclear reactions 
c)
determining medical problems 
d)
treating brain tumors 
55.

Suggest way that a scientist can protect themselves against exposure when handling radioactive sources.

a)

Storing sources in a lead–lined box using tongs

b)

Goggles and gloves

c)

Tie hair back

56.

Which nuclei are isotopes of the same element?

Manakah nuklei adalah isotop dari unsur yang sama?

a)

X and Y only

b)

X and Z only

c)

Y and Z only

d)

X, Y and Z only

57.

Number of neutron in the element is

Bilangan neutron dalam elemen ini adalah

a)

89

b)

138

c)

227

d)

136

58.

The energy released during a nuclear reaction is 2.0 × 10^-10 J. What is the mass defect in this reaction? 
Tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa tindak balas nuklear ialah 2.0 × 10^-10 J.  Kirakan jumlah cacat jisim dalam tindak balas ini. 

 c = 3.0 ×108m s−1c\ =\ 3.0\ \times10^{8^{ }}m\ s^{-1}   
 E = mc2E\ =\ mc^2  

a)

1.33 × 10^-28 kg

b)

2.22 × 10^-27 kg

c)

2.22 × 10^-19 kg

d)

6.66 × 10^-19 kg

59.

Which of the following shows the type of ray S and ray T?

Yang manakah berikut menunjukkan jenis sinar S dan sinar T?

a)

S : Alpha , T : Beta

b)

S : Gamma , T : Beta

c)

S : Beta , T : Gamma

d)

S : Gamma , T : Alpha

60.

What electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength and carries the highest energy?

a)

positron

b)

beta particle

c)

gamma ray

d)

alpha particle

61.

Complete the nuclear reaction:  90234Th ⟶        + 91234Pa_{90}^{234}Th\ \longrightarrow\ _{\ }\ \ \ \ \ \ +\ _{91}^{234}Pa  

a)

 24α_2^4\alpha  

b)

 −1   0β_{-1}^{\ \ \ 0}\beta  

c)

 00γ_0^0\gamma  

d)

 10β_1^0\beta  

62.

Complete the nuclear reaction:  4399Tc ⟶        + 4399Tc _{43}^{99}Tc\ \longrightarrow\ _{\ }\ \ \ \ \ \ +\ _{43}^{99}Tc\   

a)

 24α_2^4\alpha  

b)

 −1   0β_{-1}^{\ \ \ 0}\beta  

c)

 00γ_0^0\gamma  

d)

 10β_1^0\beta  

63.

Complete the nuclear reaction:  1122Na⟶        + 1022Ne _{11}^{22}Na\longrightarrow\ _{\ }\ \ \ \ \ \ +\ _{10}^{22}Ne\   

a)

 24α_2^4\alpha  

b)

 −1   0β_{-1}^{\ \ \ 0}\beta  

c)

 00γ_0^0\gamma  

d)

 10β_1^0\beta  

64.

Complete the nuclear reaction:  3782Rb +       ⟶  3682Kr _{37}^{82}Rb\ +\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \longrightarrow\ \ _{36}^{82}Kr\   

a)

 24α_2^4\alpha  

b)

 −1   0β_{-1}^{\ \ \ 0}\beta  

c)

 00γ_0^0\gamma  

d)

 10β_1^0\beta  

65.
What kind of radiation is being given off in this image?
a)
alpha
b)
beta
c)
gamma
d)
zeta
66.
What kind of radiation is being given off in this diagram?
a)
alpha
b)
beta
c)
gamma
d)
delta
67.
When moving neutrons hit the nuclei of certain other atoms thereby causing them to disintegrate, and this happens repeatedly, it is said to be a _______________________.
a)
nuclear chain reaction
b)
alpha radiation
c)
nuclear half-life
d)
control rod
68.

What type of decay is shown here

23892U ---> 23490Th + 42He.

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

gamma

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