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WorksheetsFinal review part 1 (body comp, CV diseases, and Aging)
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 20mins
What is the glycemic index?
The increase in blood glucose and insulin in response to a standard amount
a chart to examine substances made of protein and fat that carry cholesterol through your bloodstream
stored form of glucose that is made up of many connected glucose molecules
Rate from high to low the densities of fat mass, fat-free mass, and water.
Fat mass (highest density), water, fat -free mass (lowest density)
Fat -free mass (highest density), water, fat mass (lowest density)
Fat -free mass (highest density), fat mass, water (lowest density)
A loss of _____ to _____ % of body weight through dehydration can impair performance.
1% only
4-6%
2-4%
4-10%
Why don’t standard height and weight tables provide accurate estimates of what a person should weigh?
Because they don’t take into account the individuals lifestyle
Because they don’t take into account the composition of the weight
Because they are out dated
What does body composition refer to?
The chemical composition of the body
a weight-to-height ratio
An organ system being a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions
An increase in fat-free mass is undesirable for athletes involved what types of sports?
Boxers
all sports benefit from having higher fat-free mass
Endurance or jumping sports
What is Fat-free mass?
Fat-free mass is one of two human body components: Fat, and everything else. Fat-free mass (FFM) includes internal organs, bone, muscle, water, and connective tissue
That portion of the human body that is composed strictly of fat
estimates body fat percentage based on the ratio of height and waist measurements
What are two functions of fats?
They provide you with energy for daily tasks and are the primary fuel source for your brain's high energy demands
Makes up cell structure, used for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues
Essential component of cell membranes and nerve fibers and produces all steroid hormones
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
A, C, D, E
A, B, D, E, K
A, B, C, D, E, K
What is the RDA (recommended daily amount) for protein?
1.6-2.0 g/kg of body weight
0.8 g/kg of body weight
<0.6 g/kg of body weight
Is mineral and vitamin supplementation necessary?
Never
You can always use more
Only if the individual is deficient
The thirst mechanism might not precisely gauge the body’s state of dehydration
True
False
What is hyponatremia?
A high concentration of sodium in the blood
Serum sodium concentrations below the normal range (135-145 mmol/L
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions
What are electrolytes?
Mineral compounds that can dissociate into ions in the body
an essential nutrient that body cannot produce enough of and which it needs to get from food
is the part of plant-based food that the body can't break down
What happens if an individual’s diet is missing one of the essential amino acids?
Formation of any protein that contains that amino acid is precluded
Formation of any protein that contains that amino acid still occurs
The body will breakdown other protein substances to compensate
Where in the brain does a stroke occur if the effects are seen on the right side of the body? What effects can be seen?
Left - vision loss, quick and inquisitive behavior, memory loss
Right - vision loss, quick and inquisitive behavior, memory loss
Left – .speech and language problems, slow and cautious behavior, memory loss
What type of stroke is a result from a surface rupture of an artery that bleeds into the space between the skull and brain?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral hemorrhage
Cerebral embolism
A clot that forms in a cerebral vessel, most often the site of damage from atherosclerosis is called?
Cerebral embolism
Cerebral thrombosis
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Hypertension can cause pathological hypertrophy to the heart.
True
False
What is it called when there is narrowing of the arteries due to plaque formation?
Atherosclerosis
Angina
Stroke
Myocardial Infarction
A chronic condition in which the heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should.
Congestive Heart Failure
Coronary Heart Disease
Hypertension
What can lead to congestive heart failure?
hypertension, atherosclerosis, valvular heart disease, viral infections, and heart attacks
None of the above
Varicose veins, valvular heart disease, viral infections, and heart attacks
What is the most accurate lipid index of risk for CHD?
Ratio for cholesterol to HDL-C levels
Ratio for cholesterol to LDL-C levels
Ratio for LDL to HDL-c levels
What is the function of lipoproteins?
Lipoproteins provide a transport for lipids
They are fats that carry blood proteins
What is metabolic syndrome and what is believed to contribute to its cause?
metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that contribute/increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that contribute/increase the risk of lung diseases
metabolic syndrome is a conditions that contribute/increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels
What can happen with continuous sitting (≥30 min) ?
Insulin resistance increase, metabolism negatively affected, storage of fat promoted
Coronary heart disease
hypertension
Increased plasma volume that accompanies physical training does not increase blood pressure.
True
False
What happens to residual volume with aging?
It increases
It decreases
it stays the same
At what age does height start decreasing and why?
About 35-40 due to compression of the intervertebral disks and poor posture
About 25-35 due to compression of the intervertebral disks
About 50-65 due to compression of the intervertebral disks and poor posture
What is sarcopenia?
a condition that begins as you lose bone mass and your bones get weaker as you age
a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both
Loss of muscle associated with the aging process
Is motor unit activation slower or faster with aging?
Slower
Faster
neither
Why do older adults have a reduced ability to generate metabolic heat?
due to decreased muscle mass and loss of fitness
due to decreased bone density and loss of fitness
due to colder core temperatures
How do older adults adapt to cold exposure?
Through behavioral thermoregulation
utilize their own metabolic heat
What happens to oxidative enzyme activities in muscle in endurance-trained older athletes?
It declines slightly (10-15%)
It rises slightly (10-15%)
What type of training can improve heat stress responses?
Endurance training
Strength training
Anaerobic training
Training cannot attenuate the change in muscle fiber type and promote reinnervation.
True
False
Who appears to experience greater changes in body composition with training, men or women?
Women
Men
Its about the same
What fiber type tends to increase with aging?
Type 1
Type 2
Type 1 a
Age-related reductions in VO2max are primarily caused by what?
Decreased Q max
decreased ventilatory threshold
higher fat-free mass
