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Unit 1-8 AP Psych Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 3610secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

The question, "Is intelligence more influenced by heredity or experience?" deals with a big issue in psychology known as...

a)

stability v change.

b)

mind-body dualism.

c)

rationality v irrationality.

d)

structure v function.

e)

nature v nurture.

2.

Which psychological approach is most concerned with the importance of encoding, storing, and retrieving information?

a)

information technology

b)

behavioral approach

c)

psychodynamic approach

d)

biological approach

e)

cognitive approach

3.

Which early philosopher argued all humans are born with a "tabula rasa" or a "blank slate" on which experience writes?

a)

Locke

b)

Descartes

c)

Aristotle

d)

Plato

4.

Who conducted what is beleived to be the first psychology experiment in a labratory when he measured how long it took for people to respond to a sound and how long it took them to be consciously aware of it?

a)

Hall

b)

Wundt

c)

Titchener

d)

James

5.

Which school of thought emphasized introspection?

a)

Structuralism

b)

Funcitonalism

c)

Behaviorism

d)

Evolution

6.

Which school of thought emphasizes that psychology should be an objective science and that study behavior without references to mental processes thus focusing on observable items.

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Psychoanalytic

d)

Humanism

7.

Which approach to psychology emphasizes the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect behavior?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Psychoanalytic

d)

Humanism

8.

Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow are associated with which psychological perspective?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Structuralism

c)

Psychoanalytic

d)

Humanism

9.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
10.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
11.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that the strict control of variables offers researchers the opportunity to draw conclusions about cause and effect relationships.
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
12.
This method of research can only be measured between the values of -1 and 1.
a)
Correlational
b)
Experiments
c)
Case Study
d)
Survey
e)
Observational
13.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
14.

Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between variables?

a)

-0.78

b)

0.67

c)

0.75

d)

-0.59

15.

Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and control group other than the independent variable.

a)

control group

b)

population

c)

confounding variables

d)

operational variables

16.

Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.

a)

single blind study

b)

case study

c)

double blind study

d)

correlational study

17.

A description of the specific procedures used to determine and measure variables in an experiment that is created so that the experiment can be replicated by others.

a)

operational definition

b)

independent variable

c)

controlled group

d)

confounding variables

18.

After the events of 9/11, your friend suggested that the CIA and FBI should have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. According to her, all the clues were there. This perception most clearly illustrates:

a)

the false consensus effect

b)

the hindsight bias

c)

random sampling

d)

the placebo effect

19.

The part of the neuron that receives messages from other neurons

a)

axon

b)

dendrite

c)

cell body

d)

Schwann cell

20.
Identify the part of the neuron
a)
axon
b)
axon terminal
c)
cell body 
d)
dendrite
21.

The tiny gap between neurons where nerve impulses are sent from one neuron to another.

a)

synapse

b)

axon terminal

c)

impulse

d)

myelin

22.

The long, thin "arm" of a neuron that conducts the electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals.

a)

axon

b)

dendrite

c)

axon terminal

d)

gene

23.

If I step on a nail...what type of neuron take that signal TO the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?

a)

interneurons

b)

motor

c)

sensory

d)

receptors

24.

If I step on a nail...what type of neurons send the response from the brain to my muscles?

a)

motor

b)

interneurons

c)

sensory

d)

not neurons, muscle tissue sends the response

25.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate:
a)
learning and memory
b)
pain and pleasure
c)
muscle movements
d)
sleep, moods/emotions
26.
Loss of Dopamine-producing neurons is a cause of:
a)
paralysis
b)
Parkinson's
c)
anxiety
d)
Alzheimer's
27.
The depletion of Acetylcholine is associated with the following:
a)
Schizophrenia
b)
Huntington's
c)
Depression
d)
Alzheimer's
28.
A chemical that mimics or enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter:
a)
Agonist
b)
Antagonist
c)
Endorphin
d)
L-Dopa
29.
A chemical that blocks a neurotransmitter from being absorbed, thus blocking its effects is a(n):
a)
Agonist
b)
Antagonist
c)
Endorphin
d)
L-Dopa
30.
Damage to the cerebellum would most affect the career of
a)
an architect
b)
a teacher
c)
an athlete
d)
a librarian
31.
The amygdala, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus are a part of
a)
limbic system
b)
cerebral cortex
c)
hindbrain
d)
forebrain
32.
The split-brain procedure involves the cutting of this
a)
Cerebral Cortex
b)
Cerebellum
c)
Corpus Callosum
d)
Caudate Nucleus
33.
Controls heartbeat and breathing
a)
Pons
b)
Medulla
c)
Cerebellum
d)
Thalamus
34.
Controls your ability to go to sleep and wake up again 
a)
Reticular Formation
b)
Thalamus
c)
Amygdala
d)
Medulla
35.
Known as the "Little Brain" and is in charge of balance and coordinating movements
a)
Thalamus
b)
Reticular Formation
c)
Hypothalamus
d)
Cerebellum
36.
Damage this and you won't form new memories
a)
Hypothalamus
b)
Hippocampus
c)
Amygdala
d)
Thalamus
37.
Makes decisions, plans, reasons, and carries out behaviors
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Parietal Lobe
c)
Occipital Lobe
d)
Temporal Lobe
38.
Processes visual information
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Temporal Lobe
c)
Occipital Lobe
d)
Parietal Lobe
39.
You think you feel a bug crawling on you and panic.  This fear is processed by the _________.
a)
hippocampus
b)
hypothalamus
c)
reticular formation 
d)
Amygdala
40.
Shows brain function by using a radioactive glucose solution (active neurons love glucose)
a)
MRI
b)
CT Scan
c)
PET Scan
d)
fMRI
41.

What is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment?

a)

Sensation

b)

Perception

c)

Top-Down Processing

d)

Absolute Thresholds

42.

What term refers to information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions and expectations?

a)

Sensation

b)

Top-Down Processing

c)

Weber's Law

d)

Transduction

43.

What term refers to the minimum stimuus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time?

a)

Absolute Threshold

b)

Difference Threshold

c)

Transduction

d)

Sensory Adaptation

44.

What theory attempts to predict how and when we detect the presence of a fiat stimulus amid bacground stimulation and is based on a person's expereice, expectations, motivation and alertness?

a)

Signal Detection Theory

b)

Weber's Law

c)

Gestalt Theory

d)

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

45.

What term refers to the minimum difference between two stimuli requred for detection 50% of the time?

a)

Absolute Threshold

b)

Subliminal Perception

c)

Difference Threshold (JND)

d)

Sensory Adaptation

46.

The process of focusing on one stimuli at a time while ignoring others is called

a)

Sensory Adaptation

b)

Selective Attention

c)

Sensation

d)

Gestalt

47.
What part of your eye is a muscle?
a)
iris
b)
sclera
c)
pupil
d)
retina
48.
What part of your eye sends the messages to and from your brain?
a)
retina
b)
optic nerve
c)
iris
d)
vitreous humor
49.
The innermost sensory layer of the eye that contains photoreceptors 
a)
Choroid
b)
Retina
c)
Sclera
d)
Cornea
50.

Which of the correlation coefficients below expresses the strongest relationship between two variables?

a)

+.76

b)

-.91

c)

1.2

d)

.01

e)

0

51.

If a person is not able to recognize certain colors, it is likely that the _____ in her or his eyes are not functioning properly.

a)

rods

b)

cones

c)

lens

d)

iris

e)

fovea

52.

Perceiving an object despite gaps in what our senses pick-up is possible because of...

a)

proximity.

b)

continuity.

c)

simplicity.

d)

closure.

e)

figure-ground.

53.

People are able to perceive objects as the same by process of size, shape, brightness, and color _______.

a)

continuities.

b)

constancies.

c)

disparities.

d)

processes.

e)

perceptions.

54.

The theory that best accounts for the experience of pain is...

a)

the opponent-process theory.

b)

Weber's law.

c)

the trichromatic theory.

d)

the nociceptors detection theory.

e)

the gate-control theory.

55.

What is the term for a learning to associate two stimului and thus to anticipate events like the bell/food in Pavlov's experiments?

a)

Operant Conditioning

b)

Respondent Behavior

c)

Associative Learning

d)

Classical Conditioning

56.

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (food) is called:

a)

Unconditioned Response (UR)

b)

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

c)

Conditioned Response (CR)

d)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

57.

In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS) is called:

a)

Unconditioned Response (UR)

b)

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

c)

Conditioned Response (CR)

d)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

58.

What happens when a conditioned response diminishes as a result of an unconditioned stimulus not following a conditioned stimulus?

a)

Extinction

b)

High-Order Conditioning

c)

Habituation

d)

Spontaeneous Recovery

59.
Thorndike's principle that behaviors follwed by favorable consequences become more likely is know as what? 
a)
Operant Conditioning
b)
Shaping
c)
Law of effect
d)
Respondent behavior
60.
All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a
a)
rat's food reward in a Skinner box.
b)
cold drink on a hot day.
c)
hug from a loved one. 
d)
high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently
61.
Mr. Jones is in the habit of offering extra credit points on the next exam to students who contribute to class discussions.  What kind of reinforcement strategy in Mr. Jones using to encourage class participation? 
a)
negative punishment
b)
positive reward
c)
negative reward
d)
positive punishment
62.
Whenever Kylah's students behave well, she reduces their amount of homework for that night.  This is an example of what aspect of operant conditioning? 
a)
variable interval
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
Positive reinforcement
d)
punishment
63.
John's parents give him $5 for allowance every time he finishes doing 2 loads of laundry.  This is an example of which kind of reinforcement schedule? 
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable interval
c)
continuous
d)
variable ratio
64.

What term refers to our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment?

a)

Consciousness

b)

Dissociation

c)

Circadian Rhythm

d)

Hallucinaitions

65.

What term refers to a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others?

a)

Consciousness

b)

Dissociation

c)

Circadian Rhythm

d)

Hallucinaitions

66.
When you feel most alert depends on your
a)
sleep cycle
b)
circadian rhythm 
c)
personality
d)
diet
67.
Name the sleeping disorder where sleeping attacks can occur at inopportune times. 
a)
narcolepsy
b)
sleep apnea
c)
night terrors
d)
insomnia
68.
Which scan would give us a view of the brain waves occurring during sleep?
a)
EEG
b)
MRI
c)
PET
d)
CAT
69.
In which sleep stage are you the farthest from consciousness?
a)
stage 1 NREM
b)
stage 2 NREM
c)
stage 3 NREM
d)
REM
70.
The dreams we remember come during which sleep stage?
a)
stage 1 NREM
b)
stage 2 NREM
c)
stage 3 NREM
d)
REM
71.
The need for an increased amount of a drug to achieve the same effect as before is called
a)
tolerance
b)
withdrawal
c)
hallucinogen
d)
depressant
72.
Which of these drugs affect the reward pathway of the brain?
a)
alcohol
b)
marijuana
c)
LSD
d)
cocaine
73.

An event that increases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a(n)

a)

conditioned stimulus.

b)

unconditioned stimulus.

c)

reinforcer.

d)

operant behavior.

e)

discrimination.

74.

What do we call a desire to perform a behavior in order to receive promised rewards or to avoid threatened punishment?

a)

Latent Learning

b)

Extrinsic motivation

c)

Intrinsic motivation

d)

Insight Learning

75.
In Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment, a majority of the children used the same violent techniques on the Bobo Doll they had seen the adults perform in the video.  This is an example of: 
a)
cognitive learning. 
b)
innate aggressive desires. 
c)
observational learning. 
d)
learned helplessness.
76.

When you remember your Social Security Number as three smaller groups of numbers, you are...

a)

blocking.

b)

declaring.

c)

proceeding.

d)

chunking.

e)

using mnemonics.

77.

Someone is playing a song on a piano that you have heard before. You are able to identify this song as one you have heard because of which process?

a)

recognition

b)

recall

c)

relearning

d)

confabulation

e)

spacing effect.

78.

The brain taking a quick mental picture is another way to describe...

a)

iconic memory.

b)

short-term memory.

c)

episodic memory.

d)

procedural memory.

e)

echoic memory.

79.

The tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on television best illustrates the importance of...

a)

shaping.

b)

modeling.

c)

respondent behavior.

d)

immediate reinforcement.

e)

spontaneous recovery.

80.

When you recall a bike that you owned when you were six years old, this is an example of...

a)

sensory memory.

b)

short-term memory.

c)

long-term memory.

d)

iconic memory.

e)

storage decay.

81.

If, after learning a new locker combination, you could not remember your old locker combination, you would be experiencing...

a)

retroactive interference.

b)

proactive interference.

c)

amnesia.

d)

repression.

e)

storage decay.

82.

Which of the following refers to the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solution?

a)

allowing for incubation

b)

divergent thinking

c)

developing expertise

d)

convergent thinking

e)

experiencing other cultures

83.

When asked to think of a bird, many people think of a robin. In this case, a robin is people's ____ for a bird.

a)

prototype

b)

concept

c)

creative idea

d)

convergent grouping

e)

cognition

84.

A methodical, logical rule that guarantees solving a particular problem is called a(n)...

a)

heuristic.

b)

algorithm.

c)

insight.

d)

mental set.

e)

confirmation bias.

85.

Thom believes that his congresswoman is an honest woman. He looks for examples of her giving to charity and ignores her ethics violations, which have recently been in the news. Thom is being affected by...

a)

confirmation bias.

b)

intuition.

c)

mental set.

d)

the availability heuristic.

e)

overconfidence.

86.

Thom still believes that the congresswoman is an honest person even after she is arrested and sent to jail. Thom is now experiencing...

a)

framing.

b)

intuition.

c)

insight.

d)

belief perseverance.

e)

confirmation bias.

87.

After seeing a news story about a kidnapping, we are more afraid of kidnapping, even though it is a very rare occurrence. Which of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

a)

Intuition Insight

b)

Confirmation Bias

c)

Belief Perseverance

d)

Mental Set

e)

Availability heuristic

88.

Many people prefer meat that is 80% lean instead of 20% fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a more desirable way?

a)

Intuition

b)

Insight

c)

Framing

d)

Overconfidence

e)

Perseverance

89.

Phonemes are...

a)

The rules of grammar that dictate letter combinations in a language.

b)

the smallest unit of sound in a language.

c)

the smallest unit of meaning in a language.

d)

semantically the same as morphemes.

e)

about 100 different words that are common to all languages.

90.

According to the theory of linguistic relativity, a person's ______ influences his or her _____.

a)

relatives; language

b)

decision-making; reasoning

c)

reasoning; language

d)

language; thoughts

e)

thoughts; language

91.

A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is called a(n)

a)

set point

b)

Drive

c)

Instinct

d)

need

92.

This Hormone makes you feel hungry

a)

Leptin

b)

Ghrelin

c)

Pituitary

d)

Orexin

93.

State that a stimulus leads to an automatic response which is then cognitively appraised. Our emotional response is based on that appraisal

a)

James-Lange Theory

b)

Cannon-Bard Theory

c)

Schacter Two-Factor

d)

Instinct-Evolution Theory

94.

State that a stimulus leads to an automatic response which is then cognitively appraised. Our emotional response is based on that appraisal

a)

James-Lange Theory

b)

Cannon-Bard Theory

c)

Schacter Two-Factor

d)

Instinct-Evolution Theory

95.
Motivational theory that focuses on internal states of tension, such as hunger, that motivate us to pursue actions that reduce tension
a)
Drive reduction theory
b)
Instinct theory
c)
Arousal theory
d)
Incentive theory
96.

Which statement reflects the core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis?

a)

Men do not express emotion via the face.

b)

Facial features have no connection with emotion.

c)

Information from facial muscles intensifies emotional experiences.

d)

When one facial expression occurs, we quickly register its opposite on the face.

97.
The "fight or flight" response involves activation of the __________ nervous system.
a)
sympathetic
b)
parasympathetic
c)
somatic
d)
central
98.
The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are
a)
learned in early childhood.
b)
different in Eastern and Western cultures.
c)
very similar throughout the world.
d)
more similar in adults than they are in children or adolescents.
99.

Hans Seyle said that people are most likely to get sick, have breakdowns, and give up during which stage?

a)

alarm

b)

resistance

c)

energy exertion

d)

exhaustion

100.

What do most people report is the biggest factor contributing to their stress?

a)

major life events

b)

catastrophes

c)

daily life hassles

d)

low expectations

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