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WorksheetsAnatomy Final Exam Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
A cut made across the horizontal plane, as indicated by the red highlight in the picture, is called a ______ section.
posterior
sagittal
frontal
transverse
Which of the following could occur if an organism had little to no adipose tissue throughout its body?
The organism might have difficulty staying warm.
The organism might have problems digesting macromolecules.
The organism might not be able to move its legs.
The organism would have an abundance of collagen fibers.
This body cavity contains the heart and lungs.
abdominal
thoracic
cranial
spinal
Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings in humans?
superficial and proximal
lateral and distal
superficial and deep
posterior and intermediate
Jared just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful. Jared's burn would best be described as
a sunburn
a first degree burn
a second degree burn
a third degree burn
Which of the following is an indication of melanoma?
a very symmetrical mole
a red, dome-shaped bump
a pigmented spot that is black
a pigmented spot that contains areas of different color
This layer of the skin is responsible for creating fingerprints.
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
papillary layer
reticular layer
A white head
is a clogged sebaceous gland
is a form of bacteria induced irritation
is a type of acne
forms by oxidizing clogged pores
The hip and shoulder are both examples of
gliding joints
hinge joints
saddle joints
ball and socket joints
Origin and insertion points attach to these.
ligaments
bone processes
fascia
blood vessels
This part of the brain is responsible for memory, thought processing and creativity.
medulla oblongata
cerebrum
cerebellum
hypothalamus
During resting state, a neuron is
polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell
restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium potassium pump
depolarizing and generating an action potential
repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell
The atria of the heart are the chambers that are
located superiorly and are the receiving chambers of the heart.
located inferiorly and are the receiving chambers of the heart.
located superiorly and are the discharging chambers of the heart.
located inferiorly and are the discharging chambers of the heart.
Which system is comprised of joints, joint capsules and synovial membranes?
skeletal
musclar
integumentary
nervous
This ion is necessary in a muscle fiber in order for cross bridges to be able to form.
Na+1
K+1
Ca+2
Mg+2
Which of the following is correct?
osteoblasts break down bone and osteoclasts create new bone
osteoblasts build new bone and osteoclasts clean up excess bone
osteocytes are made mostly of phosphorous
as the skeletal system ages, most of the bone turns to cartilage
The trachea has
a grape-like structure
muscular contractions traveling from top to bottom
cartilaginous rings
a sphincter between itself and the lungs
Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
superior vena cava
coronary vein
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
What are the two characteristics that all respiratory structures must have?
an internal location for gas exchange and small surface area
counter-current blood flow and be surrounded by water
moisture and a large surface area
spiracles and trachea
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the process of inspiration (inhaling)?
latissimus dorsi
biceps brachii
intercostals
diaphragm
A structure that is shared by both the respiratory and digestive tracts is the
trachea
esophagus
diaphragm
pharynx
The mucous membranes of the nasal cavity are filled with many blood vessels and lined with hairs. The function of these structures is to
warm, moisten and filter the air as it enters the respiratory tract
absorb oxygen into the circulatory system and release carbon dioxde
increase the surface area for the absorption of oxygen
trigger the sneezing reflex
The elbow is ____ to the body compared to the fingertips.
medial
lateral
proximal
distal
The major ATP producing organelle of cells is the
Golgi apparatus
chloroplasts
mitochondria
nucleus
Which term refers to cells that are taller than they are wide?
stratified
squamous
columnar
cuboidal
Which term means one layer of cells?
stratified
squamous
simple
columnar
This region of the body refers to the upper arm.
inguinal
brachial
femoral
patellar
A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right an left portions is
transverse
coronal
sagittal
frontal
Which protein provides a strong waterproof barrier in skin and nail cells?
melanin
myosin
keratin
collagen
Apocrine sweat glands are primarily found
attached to hair follicles all over the body
not attached to hair follicles
only attached to hair follicles on the head
only attached to hair follicles in the axillary and pubic regions
The primary function of most membranes is
water absorption
secretion of wastes
protection
digestion
What do the letters ABCD refer to in skin cancer evaluations?
Absent, Border, Color, Deformity
Age, Brown, Crusty, Diameter
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter
Asymmetry, Brown, Changing, Damage
A small, rounded, bony projection that somewhat resembles knuckles is called a
tubercle
tuberosity
trochanter
epicondyle
The ringed structures that make up the functional units of compact bone are called
Volkmann's canals
periosteum
osteons
endosteum
Which of these types of muscle is/are found lining organs that have hollow tubes within the body?
smooth
skeletal
cardiac
voluntary
Myofibrils consist of two kinds of protein filaments, thick ones composed of _____, and thin ones composed of _____.
actin, myosin
myosin, actin
fascia, actin
myosin, keratin
To be able to do this motion, your arm must be
pronated
supinated
everted
inverted
The muscles highlighted in green are known as the
rectus femoris
latissimus dorsi
rectus abdominis
external obliques
The brain dysfunction where blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel, is called ___________.
a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke
Parkinson's disease
multiple sclerosis
Huntington's disease
The hypothalamus regulates the
pons
thalamus
pineal
pituitary
Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are
motor
sensory
myelinated
unmyelinated
How does the contraction of the diaphragm bring air into the lungs?
It decreases the volume and increases the pressure inside of the chest cavity which forces air in.
It increases the volume and decreases the pressure inside of the chest cavity which draws air in.
It decreases the circumference of the torso which allows for the lungs to expand.
It pulls down on the lungs which causes the mouth to open and suck air in.
The centers for the control of vital activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing and vomiting are located in the
midbrain
cerebrum
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
The primary auditory cortex is found in the
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
What are the gaps between the Schwann cells where the axon is exposed called?
synapses
gyri
nodes of Ranvier
glia
Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across
alveoli
tracheae
bronchioles
bronchi
Systolic blood pressure is maintained by the
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
Which of the following statements about muscle contractions is INCORRECT?
the actin filaments move toward each other
myosin filaments are not involved
calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
ATP is hydrolyzed
A group of cells that has a common function is referred to as
an organ
a tissue
an organ system
an organism
Which of the following could occur if a multicellular organism had little to no cartilage in its body?
the organism might have difficulty staying warm
the organism might have problems digesting macromolecules
the organism might have problems with their joints
the organism would have an abundance of adipose tissue
________ warts exist on the bottoms of feet. This term means the bottom of the foot.
palmar
plantar
lateral
proximal
Researchers are more likely to discover new information about _____, and less likely to make new discovering about _______________.
physiology....anatomy
anatomy...histology
anatomy....physiology
oncology...epidemiology
A smooth, nearly flat articular surface as seen on the vertebrae is known as a
ramus
groove
facet
fossa
A fracture in which the broken bone penetrates the skin is called a
compound fracture
simple fracture
comminuted fracture
greenstick fracture
A fracture in which the ends of the broken bones are forced into each other, as is common when someone attempts to break a fall, is called a(n)
compression fracture
depressed fracture
impacted fracture
spiral fracture
What is the name of this bone?
scapula
rib
pelvis
clavicle
What is the name of this bone?
scapula
rib
pelvis
clavicle
What is the proper name of the calf muscles at the back of the leg as seen in this picture?
gluteus maximus
quadriceps
hamstrings
gastrocnemius
This movement is when the thumb and forefinger touch.
flexion
rotation
abduction
opposition
This is an example of
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
inversion
eversion
These muscles often contract during side bends and twisting motions.
quadriceps
obliques
deltoids
triceps
The prime mover during forearm flexion is the _____, and the prime mover during forearm extension is the _____.
biceps brachii, triceps
triceps, biceps brachii
biceps brachii, deltoids
deltoids, triceps
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which raises blood levels of Ca2+, is antagonistic to _______, which lowers blood Ca2+ levels.
TSH
calcitonin
ACTH
oxytocin
The two main hormones involved in blood glucose homeostasis are
oxytocin and insulin
glucagon and antidiuretic hormone
calcitonin and prolactin
insulin and glucagon
How does the anterior pituitary differ from the posterior pituitary?
The posterior pituitary develops from a fold of tissue at the roof of the embryonic mouth
The anterior pituitary cannot secrete hormones directly into the blood stream
The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH
The posterior pituitary does not receives its signals from the hypothalamus
The hormone responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics is
estrogen
follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
oxytocin
This hormone is responsible for uterine contractions and milk production and secretion from mammary glands, along with prolactin.
estrogen
follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
oxytocin
As thyroxine levels in the circulatory system increase, eventually
the anterior pituitary stops releasing TSH due to a negative feedback loop
the hypothalamus releases more TSH-releasing factor due to a positive feedback loop
the hypothalamus inhibits TSH due to a negative feedback loop
the anterior pituitary stops releasing TSH due to a positive feedback loop
Which gland secretes estrogen and progesterone?
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
pineal gland
ovaries
Which gland releases gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the release of FSH?
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
ovary
Which gland is located at the base of the brain and secretes melatonin which helps to regulate circadian rhythms?
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
pineal gland
Ovulation is a positive feedback mechanism that is caused by the sudden surge of LH. Which of the following hormones is necessary for this even to be initiated?
estrogen stimulating the anterior pituitary to release LH via positive feedback
FSH release from Leydig cells
estrogen release from the posterior pituitary
progesterone release from the hypothalamus
How does FSH affect the male reproductive system?
it increases spermatogenesis
it decreases the estrus cycle
it causes the formation of eggs
it decreases contraction of the epididymis
The placenta functions in all of the following ways EXCEPT
providing nutrients to the growing fetus
exchanging respiratory gases
disposal of wastes
preventing breach births
Which of the following accessory gland(s) is responsible for the formation of semen?
testes only
Leydig cells only
seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral glands
testes, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands
In humans, oogenesis is finally complete when
the sperm enters the ovum
the first polar body forms
the corpus luteum develops
the secondary oocyte leaves the ovary
If the mature egg is not fertilized, all of the following will occur EXCEPT
the corpus luteum degenerates
a loss of the endometrium
a rapid drop in progesterone levels
maintenance of high estrogen and progesterone levels
A woman's follicles are
present at the time of birth
released from the egg during ovulation
mature at the time of birth
released from the ovary
What is an acrosome?
A hormone released from the anterior pituitary that stimulates metabolic rate
The organelle in the tip of the sperm that releases enzymes to enter the egg cytoplasm
The slight bend in the arm of the oviduct where fertilization typically occurs
The opening at the base of the uterus
The membrane forming a fluid-filled sac immediately surrounding an embryo is called the
amnion
chorion
placenta
blastula
The endometrium lines this structure
1
2
3
4
This is the site of fertilization
1
2
3
4
This structure permits the exit of the baby during birth
2
3
4
5
If a person's stomach is surgically removed, the chemical digestion of proteins would be begin in the
mouth
small intestine
large intestine
liver
What would be the result if peristalsis ceased within the alimentary canal?
digestive juices would not be secreted
food would not be fragmented
nutrients would not be absorbed
a bolus would have a harder time traveling through the alimentary canal
The main function of the large intestine is to
absorb excess water, sodium and potassium
digest proteins
emulsify fats
digest carbohydrates
Production of bile occurs in the _____, and is stored in the _____.
liver; stomach
liver; gall bladder
stomach: colon
pancreas; gall bladder
Chemical digestion of proteins occurs in the
colon
pancreas
mouth
stomach
This structure is also known as the colon.
1
2
5
6
This structure secretes bicarbonate as well as enzymes that are deposited in the small intestine to aid in digestion.
3
4
8
10
The duodenum and jejunum are part of which structure?
2
3
4
5
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in this structure
1
2
3
4
Which of the following is the result of the release of bile from the gall bladder?
It emulsifies lipids in the small intestine
It emulsifies oils in the stomach
It breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
It aids in protein digestion in the small intestine
The chief purpose of villi is to
promote gas exchange in the lungs
increase the surface area of the small intestine
decrease blood flow to certain regions of the body
secrete hormones
Which is the correct order that food takes through the digestive tract?
oral cavity-esophagus-pharynx-stomach-small intestine-large intestine
oral cavity-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-large intestine-small intestine
oral cavity-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine
oral cavity-pharynx-stomach-esophagus-small intestine-large intestine
After being produced in the testes, sperm mature further in a structure called the
vas deferens
epididymis
prostate
seminal vesicle
Which of the following events occurs first during embryonic development?
gastrulation
neurulation
cleavage
implantation
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of human embryonic development?
zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, organ formation
Cleavage, zygote, gastrula, blastula, organ formation
Zygote, cleavage, gastrula, blastula, organ formation
Zygote, cleavage, organ formation, blastula, gastrula
Which of the following processes dominates the third trimester of human development?
Formation of internal organs
Formation of external features such as arms and legs
Formation of hair and fingernails
Rapid growth
The induction and maintenance of labor represent an example of which type of control?
Control of uterine events by anterior pituitary hormones
Positive feedback involving pituitary, uterine and placental hormones and prostaglandins
Positive feedback involving uterine substances only
Negative feedback involving pituitary hormones and uterine prostaglandins
