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Quiz of Software PM in RitaBook

Total questions: 156

Worksheet time: 2hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Understanding the culture, policies, and procedures of the organization in which the project is being performed is most challenging in:

a)

Global organizations

b)

Manufacturing organizations

c)

Small organizations

d)

Agile organizations

2.

A project team is discussing the benefits and drawbacks of working on projects within their organization now that it has become project oriente They can agree on many advantages for the team and for the organization, but also agree there are some drawbacks relative to the strong matrix structure the organization used to have, In a project-oriented organization, the project team

a)

Reports to many bosses

b)

Has no loyalty to the project

c)

Reports to the functional manager

d)

Will not always have a “home”

3.

A project manager is trying to complete a software development project, but cannot get enough attention for the project. Resources are focused on completing process-related work, and the project manager has little authority to assign resource. What form of organization must the project manager be working in?

a)

Functional

b)

Matrix

c)

Expediter

d)

Coordinator

4.

A project manager has little project experience, but she has been assigned as the project manager of a new project. Because she will be working in a matrix organization to complete her project, she can expect communications to be

a)

Simple

b)

Open and accurate

c)

Complex

d)

Hard to automate

5.

A project team member is talking to another team member and complaining that many people are asking him to do things. If he works in a functional organization, who has the power to give direction to the team member?

a)

The project manager

b)

The functional manager

c)

The team

d)

The PMO

6.

Two project managers have just realized that they are in a weak matrix organization and that their power as project managers is quite limit One figures out that he is really a project expediter, and the other realizes she is really a project coordinator. How is a project expediter different from a project coordinator?

a)

The project expediter cannot make decisions

b)

The project expediter can make more decisions.

c)

The project expediter reports to a higher-level manager.

d)

The project expediter bas some authority

7.

Who has the most power in a project-oriented organization?

a)

The project manager

b)

The team

c)

The functional manager

d)

They all share power

8.

All the following are characteristics of a project except:

a)

It is temporary.

b)

It has interrelated activities.

c)

It has a definite beginning and end

d)

It repeats itself every month.

9.

A framework for keeping an organization focused on its overall strategy is:

a)

Organizational project management

b)

The PM BOOK Guide

c)

Project governance

d)

Portfolio management

10.

A project manager's primary responsibility is to deliver the product of the project within project constraints. Actions taken and changes made to the benefit of one constraint could negatively affect another. Which of the following best describes the major constraints on a project?

a)

Scope, number of resources, and cost

b)

Scope, cost, and schedule

c)

Scope, schedule, cost, quality, risk, resources, and customer satisfaction

d)

Schedule, cost, and number of changes

11.

If a project manager is concerned with gathering, integrating, and disseminating the outputs of all project management processes, she should concentrate on improving the:

a)

Work breakdown structure (WBS)

b)

Communications management plan

c)

Project management information system (PMIS)

d)

Scope management plan

12.

A project manager is managing his second project. lt started one month after the first one di and both project are still in process. Though his first project is small, the new project seems to be quickly growing in size. As each day passes, the project manager is feeling more and more in need of help. The project manager has recently heard that there was another project in the company last year that was similar to his second project. What should he do?

a)

Contact the project manager for the other project, and ask for assistance.

b)

Obtain historical records and guidance from the project management office (PMO).

c)

Wait to see if the project is impacted by the growth in scope.

d)

Make sure the scope of the project is agreed to by all the stakeholders.

13.

To obtain support for the project throughout the performing organization, it's best if the project manager:

a)

Ensures there is a communications management plan

b)

Correlates the need for the project to the organization's strategic plan

c)

Connects the project lo the personal objectives of the sponsor

d)

Confirms that the management plan includes the management of team members

14.

Your management team has decided that all orders will be treated as projects and that project managers will be used to update orders daily, to resolve issues, and to ensure the customer formally accepts the product within 30 days of completion. Revenue from the individual orders can vary from $ 100 to $ 150,000. The project manager will not be required to perform planning or provide documentation other than daily status. How would you define this situation?

a)

Because each individual order is a "temporary endeavor," each order is a project

b)

This is program management since there are multiple projects involve

c)

This is a recurring process

d)

Orders incurring revenue over $ 100,000 would be considered projects and would involve project management

15.

As a project manager, you have had to develop skills to help plan and manage projects successfully Which skills would best help you encourage project teams to reach levels of high cooperation and achievement, promote a positive relationship with sellers on a project, and involve stakeholders appropriately through all aspects of the project?

a)

Active listening, negotiating, and political awareness

b)

Networking communication models and SWOT

c)

Sensitivity analysis active listening, and leadership

d)

Communication methods, team building, and claims administration

16.

A project team is working on manufacturing a new product, but they are having difficulty creating project charter What is the best description of the real problem?

a)

They have identified the project Objectives

b)

They are working on a process and not a project

c)

The end date has not been identifier

d)

They have not identified the product or the project.

17.

One of your team members informs you that he does not know which of the many projects he is working on is the most important. Who should determine the priorities between projects in a company?

a)

The project manager

b)

The project management team

c)

The project management office (PMO)

d)

The project team

18.

The difference between a project , program , and portfolio is :

a)

A project is a temporary endeavor with a beginning and an end , a program may include other non-project work , and a portfolio is all the projects in a given department or division

b)

A project is a lengthy endeavor with a beginning and an end , a program combines two or more unrelated projects , and a portfolio combines two or more programs

c)

A project is a temporary endeavor with a beginning and an end , a program is a group of related projects , and a portfolio is a group of projects and programs related to a specific strategic organizational objective

d)

A project is a contracted endeavor with a beginning and an end , a portfolio is a group of projects with more open ended completion dates and a program combines two or more portfolios

19.

Operational work is different from project work in that operational work is:

a)

Unique

b)

Temporary

c)

Ongoing and repetitive

d)

A part of every project activity

20.

Company procedures require the creation of a lessons learned register. Which of the following is the best use of lessons learned?

a)

Historical records for future projects

b)

Planning record for the current project

c)

Informing the team about what the project manager has done

d)

Informing the team about the project management plan

21.

A complex aerospace engineering project is nearing completion. Because the work was highly technical and new to the organization, the product of the project was released two months later than planne Despite the late delivery, management is appreciative of the effort expended and believes that this product will generate additional opportunities for the organization. Management also thinks that the experience of this team will provide great value for teams working on similar projects in the future. The sponsor requests that lessons learned be thoroughly document Lessons learned are best completed by:

a)

The project manager

b)

The team

c)

The sponsor

d)

The stakeholders

22.

Consideration of ongoing operations and maintenance is crucially important to products of projects. Ongoing operations and maintenance should:

a)

Be included as activities to be performed during project closure

b)

Be a separate phase in the project life cycle because a large portion of life cycle costs is devoted to maintenance and operations

c)

Not be viewed as part of a project

d)

Be viewed as a separate project

23.

What is a program?

a)

An initiative set up by management

b)

A means to gain benefits and control of related projects.

c)

A group of unrelated projects managed in a coordinated way

d)

A government regulation

24.

A company is making an effort to improve its project performance and create historical records of past projects. What is the best way to accomplish this?

a)

Create project management plans

b)

Create lessons learned

c)

Create network diagrams

d)

Create status reports

25.

A project manager has received some help from the team, and she needs help from them again so that she can create a detailed project budget. Which project management process group is she in?

a)

Initiating

b)

Before the project management process

c)

Planning

d)

Executing

26.

The project charter is created in which project management process group?

a)

Executing

b)

Planning

c)

Closing

d)

Initiating

27.

The project team has just completed the initial project schedule and budget. The next thing to do is to:

a)

Identify risks.

b)

Begin iterations.

c)

Determine communications requirements.

d)

Create a bar (Gantt) chart.

28.

A detailed project schedule can be created only after creating the:

a)

Project budget

b)

Work breakdown structure

c)

Project management plan

d)

Detailed risk assessment

29.

The person who should be in control of the project during project planning is the:

a)

Project manager r

b)

Team member

c)

Functional manager

d)

Sponsor

30.

Which of the following is not an input to the initiating process group?

a)

Company processes

b)

Company culture

c)

Historical WBSs

d)

Project scope statement

31.

The project sponsor has just signed the project charter. What is the next thing to do?

a)

Begin to complete work packages

b)

Start integrated change control

c)

Validate scope

d)

Start to create management plans

32.

The high-level project schedule constraints have just been determine What project management process group are you in?

a)

Initiating

b)

Planning

c)

Executing

d)

Monitoring and controlling

33.

The WBS and WBS dictionary have been complete and the project team has begun working on identifying risks. The sponsor contacts the project manager, requesting that the responsibility assignment matrix be issue The project has a budget of $100,000 and is taking place in three countries using 14 human resources. There is little risk expected for the project, and the project manager has managed many projects similar to this one. What is the next thing to do?

a)

Understand the experience of the sponsor on similar projects

b)

Create an activity list

c)

Make sure the project scope is define

d)

Complete risk management and issue the responsibility assignment matrix

34.

A project manager does not have much time to spend on planning before the mandatory start date arrives. He therefore wants to move through planning as effectively as possible. What advice would you offer?

a)

Make sure you have a signed project charter and then start the WBS

b)

Create an activity list before creating a network diagram

c)

Document all the known risks before you document the high-level assumptions

d)

Finalize the quality management plan before you determine quality metrics

35.

The best time to assign a project manager to a project is during:

a)

Integration

b)

Project selection

c)

Initiating

d)

Planning

36.

A project manager gets a call from a team member notifying him that there is a variance between the speed of a system on the project and the desired or planned spee The project manager is surprised because that performance measurement was not identified in planning. If the project manager then evaluates whether the variance warrants a response, he is in which part of the project management process?

a)

Initiating

b)

Executing

c)

Monitoring and controlling

d)

Closing

37.

A team member notifies the project manager that the activities comprising a work package are no longer appropriate. It would be best for the project manager to be in what part of the project management process?

a)

Corrective action

b)

Integrated change control

c)

Monitoring and controlling

d)

Project closing

38.

During a team meeting, a team member asks about the measurements that will be used on the project to assess performance. The team member feels that some of the measures related to activities assigned to him are not valid measurements. The project is most likely in what part of the project management process?

a)

Closing

b)

Monitoring and controlling

c)

Executing

d)

Initiating

39.

Which of the following is the most appropriate thing to do during the initiating process group?

a)

Create a detailed description of the project deliverables

b)

Get familiar with the company culture and structure as they relate to the project

c)

Identify the root cause of problems

d)

Ensure all project management processes are complete

40.

Which of the following is a characteristic of project management processes?

a)

Iterative

b)

Unique

c)

Unnecessary

d)

Standardized

41.

Which project management process group generally takes the most project time and resources?

a)

Planning

b)

Design

c)

Integration

d)

Executing

42.

You are managing two projects and have been assigned to a third project that has just been approve You begin the new project, and are able to manage it well along with the others you are managing. During initiating, you are focused on accomplishing a number of activities. Which of the following are you not concerned with at this time?

a)

Identifying and documenting business needs

b)

Creating a project scope statement

c)

Dividing a large project into phases

d)

Accumulating and evaluating historical information

43.

The software development project has progressed according to plan. The team is very enthusiastic about the product they have create Now they are looking ahead to finding new projects to work on. You caution them that the current project cannot be considered complete until after the closing process group. Closure includes all the following except:

a)

Determining performance measures

b)

Turning over the product of the project

c)

Documenting the degree to which each project phase was properly closed after its completion

d)

Updating the company's organizational process assets

44.

The first phase of your project has come to an en What is the most important thing to ensure is done before beginning the next phase?

a)

Verify that the resources are available for the next phase

b)

Check the project's progress compared to its baselines

c)

Confirm that the phase has reached its objectives, and have its deliverables formally accepted

d)

Recommend corrective action to bring the project results in line with project expectations

45.

During which process group does the team measure and analyze the work being done on the project?

a)

Initiating

b)

Executing

c)

Monitoring and controlling

d)

Closing

46.

Which process groups must be included in every project?

a)

Planning, executing, and closing

b)

Initiating, planning, and executing

c)

Planning, executing, and monitoring and controlling

d)

Initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing

47.

Which of the following is the most appropriate thing to do in project closing?

a)

Work with the customer to determine acceptance criteria

b)

Confirm all the requirements in the project have been met

c)

Collect historical information from previous projects

d)

Gain formal approval of the management plans

48.

Which process group focuses on completing the requirements of the project?

a)

Initiating

b)

Planning

c)

Executing

d)

Closing

e)

Monitoring and control

49.

All the following occur during the planning process group except:

a)

Develop Project Charter

b)

Create WBS

c)

Estimate Costs

d)

Sequence Activities

50.

A market demand a business need and a legal requirement are examples of

a)

Reasons to hire a project manager

b)

Reasons projects are initiate

c)

Reasons people or businesses become stakeholders

d)

Reasons to sponsor a project

51.

A project has a number of deliverables that are complex and have to be assemble As the project manager, you know the work breakdown structure will help stakeholders to see interim deliverables that will be integrated into the final project deliverables. To help manage the individual elements, you have used a work breakdown numbering system. This numbering system allows the project team to:

a)

Systematically estimate costs of work breakdown structure elements

b)

Provide project justification

c)

Identify the level at which individual elements are found

d)

Use it in project management software

52.

The work breakdown structure can BEST be thought of as an effective aid for __ communications

a)

Team

b)

Project manager

c)

Customer

d)

Stakeholder

53.

The product of the project has been completed and delivered to the customer by the team. They are informed by the customer that several of the deliverables are not acceptable, as they do not meet the requirements specified early in the project. The project manager and team review the requirements documentation, and are in agreement that the product deliverables meet the customer's requirements as they understand them. The project manager, who is new to the organization, seeks the advice of the project management office in determining what went wrong. After some discussion, the PMO realizes that the Validate Scope process was not performed appropriately by the project manager. Which of the following is a key output of the Validate Scope process?

a)

A more complete scope management plan

b)

Customer acceptance of project deliverables

c)

Requirements analysis

d)

Confirmation of the project scope statement

54.

During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contains detailed descriptions of work packages?

a)

WBS dictionary

b)

Activity list

c)

Project scope statement

d)

Scope management plan

55.

During which part of the project management process is the project scope statement created?

a)

Initiating

b)

Planning

c)

Executing

d)

Monitoring and controlling

56.

The program was planned years ago, before there was a massive introduction of new technology. While planning the next project in this program, the project manager has expanded the scope management plan because as a project becomes more complex, the level of uncertainty in the scope:

a)

Remains the same

b)

Decreases

c)

Decreases then increases

d)

Increases

57.

During a meeting with some of the project stakeholders, the project manager is asked to add work to the project scope. The project manager had access to correspondence about the project before the project charter was signed and remembers that the project sponsor specifically denied funding for the scope mentioned by these stakeholders. The best thing for the project manager to do is to:

a)

Let the sponsor know of the stakeholders' request

b)

Evaluate the impact of adding the scope

c)

Tell the stakeholders the scope cannot be added

d)

Add the work if there is time available in the project schedule

58.

A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced PMP-certified project manager. The new project manager is having difficulty finding enough time to manage the project because the project scope is being progressively elaborate The PMP-certified project manager advises that the basic tools for project management, such as a work breakdown structure, can be used during project executing to assist the project manager. For which of the following can a work breakdown structure be used?

a)

Communicating with the customer

b)

Showing calendar dates for each work package

c)

Identifying the functional managers for each team member

d)

Describing the business need for the project

59.

During a project team meeting, a team member suggests an enhancement to the scope that is beyond the scope of the project charter. The project manager points out that the team needs to concentrate on completing all the work and only the work require This is an example of:

a)

Change management

b)

Scope management

c)

Quality analysis

d)

Scope decomposition

60.

A project has just started the second phase, in which work packages are being create A new team member has completed his work packages for this phase and has asked the project manager to validate the of his work packages. The team member is anxious to have the customer see his work scope packages. The project manager, although confident in this new team member, wants the team member to gain confidence after the customer sees his work packages. When should the Validate Scope process be done?

a)

At the end of the project

b)

At the beginning of the project

c)

At the end of each phase of the project

d)

During the planning processes

61.

The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 anda cost variance of-900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been complete and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolve Many of the resources have been release The sponsor is about to call a meeting to obtain product validation when the customer notifies the project manager that they want to make a major change to the scope. The project manager should:

a)

Meet with the project team to determine if this change can be made

b)

Ask the customer for a description of the change

c)

Explain that the change cannot be mad at this point in the process

d)

Inform management

62.

You have just joined the project management office after five years of working on projects. One of the things you want to introduce to your company is the value of creating and utilizing work breakdown structures. Some of the project managers are angry that you are asking them to do "extra work. Which of the following is the best thing you could tell the project managers to convince them to use work breakdown structures?

a)

Work breakdown structures will prevent work from slipping through the cracks

b)

Work breakdown structures are of greater value on large projects

c)

Work breakdown structures are best when the project involves contracts

d)

Work breakdown structures are the only way to identity risks

63.

A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to her, she asks you what software she should use to create the WBS and what she should do with it when it is complete You might respond that the picture is not the most valuable result of creating a WBS. The most valuable result of a WBS is:

a)

A bar chart

b)

Team buy-in

c)

Activities

d)

A list of risks

64.

To manage a project effectively, work should be broken down into small pieces. Which of the following does not describe how far to decompose the work?

a)

Until it has a meaningful conclusion

b)

Until it cannot be logically subdivided further

c)

Until it can be done by one person

d)

Until it can be realistically estimated to make sure the team members clearly know what is included

65.

A project manager may use ____ in each of their work packages.

a)

The project scope statement

b)

The product scope

c)

The WBS dictionary

d)

The schedule

66.

On an agile software development project, the project manager asks business stakeholders to create user stories, which will be used in the development and testing of the new application. The main purpose of a user story is:

a)

To document features or functions required by stakeholders

b)

To create a record of issues encountered on the project

c)

To perform what-if analysis

d)

To communicate progress

67.

The development phase of a new software product is near completion. A number of quality issues have increased the cost of building the product, but the project manager and team feel these costs will be inconsequential once the project gets to market. The next phases are testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. Which of the following processes should the project manager be most concerned with before moving into the next phase?

a)

Validate Scope

b)

Control Quality

c)

Manage Communications

d)

Control Costs

68.

You are managing a six-month project and have held biweekly meetings with your


project stakeholders. After five-and-a-half months of work, the project is on schedule and budget, but the stakeholders are not satisfied with the deliverables. This situation will delay the project completion by one month. The most important process that could have prevented this situation is:

a)

Monitor Risks

b)

Control Schedule

c)

Define Scope

d)

Control Scope

69.

All of the following are parts of the scope baseline except the:

a)

Scope management plan

b)

Project scope statement

c)

Work breakdown structure

d)

WBS dictionary

70.

One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some


additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the Control Scope process. What should the project manager do next when the evaluation of the requested scope is complete?

a)

Ask the stakeholder if any more changes are expected

b)

Complete integrated change control

c)

Make sure the impact of the change is understood by the stakeholder

d)

Find out the root cause of why the scope was not identified during project planning

71.

During the completion of project work, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks each of the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is, the team member asks, "Percent complete of what?" Tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team member's boss that the team member is not cooperating. Which of the following is most likely the real problem?

a)

The project manager did not get buy-in from the manager for the resources on the project

b)

The project manager did not create an adequate reward system for team members to improve their cooperation

c)

The project manager should have had a meeting with the team member's boss the first time the team member caused trouble

d)

The project manager did not assign work packages

72.

Being prepared to do a complete job of developing and finalizing the scope baseline requires that you have done a thorough and timely job of identifying and analyzing stakeholders, and of collecting requirements. The development of the scope baseline can best be described as involving:

a)

The functional managers

b)

The project team

c)

All the stakeholders

d)

The business analyst

73.

Which of the following is an output of the Collect Requirements process?

a)

Requirements traceability matrix

b)

Project scope statement

c)

Work breakdown structure

d)

Change requests

74.

The cost performance index (CPI) on the project is 1.13, and the benefit-cost ratio is 1.2 The project scope was created by the team and stakeholders. Requirements have been changing throughout the project. No matter what the project manager has tried to accomplish in managing the project, which of the following is he most likely to face in the future?

a)

Having to cut costs on the project and increase benefits

b)

Making sure the customer has approved the project scope

c)

Not being able to measure completion of the product of the project

d)

Having to add resources to the project

75.

Validate Scope is closely related to:

a)

Control Quality

b)

Sequence Activities

c)

Manage Quality

d)

Schedule Management

76.

A highway renewal project you are managing appears to have some missing scope. Your understanding of the scope was that the highway was to be resurface Now, one of the construction foremen has come to ask why he finds no mention of repainting the lines on the repaved roa He also wants to know if there are any guard rail replacement work packages in the project. You have seen some of the resurfaced road that is complete with the new lines painted on them. Which of the following is most likely to have caused the misinterpretation of the project scope statement?

a)

Imprecise language

b)

Poor pattern, structure, and chronological order

c)

Variations in size of work packages or detail of work

d)

Too much detail

77.

Which of the following is correct in regard to the Control Scope process?

a)

Effective scope definition can lead to a more complete project scope statement.

b)

The Control Scope process must be done before scope planning

c)

The Control Scope process must be integrated with other control processes

d)

Controlling the schedule is the most effective way of controlling scope

78.

Which of the following best describes the Validate Scope process?

a)

It provides assurances that the deliverable meets the specifications, is an input to the project management plan, and is an output of Control Quality

b)

It ensures the deliverable is completed on time, ensures-customer acceptance, and shows the deliverable meets specifications

c)

It ensures customer acceptance, shows the deliverable meets specifications, and provides a chance for differences of opinion to come to light.

d)

It is an output of Control Quality, occurs before Define Scope, and ensures customer acceptance

79.

Which of the following best describes product analysis?

a)

Working with the customer to determine the product description

b)

Mathematically analyzing the quality desired for the project

c)

Gaining a better understanding of the product of the project in order to create the project scope statement

d)

Determining whether the quality standards on the project can be met

80.

Which of the following best describes the difference between the Control Scope process and the Perform Integrated Change Control process?

a)

Control Scope focuses on making changes to the product scope, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on making changes to integration

b)

Control Scope focuses on controlling the scope of the project, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on determining the impact of a change of scope on time, cost, quality, risk, resources, and customer satisfaction

c)

Control Scope focuses on controlling the scope of the project, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on making changes to integration

d)

Control Scope focuses on making changes to the product scope, and Perform Integrated Change Control focuses on determining the impact of a change to scope, time, cost, quality, risk, resources, and customer satisfaction

81.

The project was tasked to develop a new software to be used by three sales channels of an auto parts company. The project was consistently on time and within budget, and the stakeholders approved prototypes of the software. However, when the completed software was installed and beta teste a problem was discovered Although the software performed as expected on in-store and call center- assisted purchases, it was found to be incompatible with other software necessary to complete online transactions. Therefore, the customer refused to accept the final deliverable, and the team was left to find a new software package that would accommodate all the customer's needs. Which of the following did the team not do?

a)

Collect requirements from the right stakeholders

b)

Test interim deliverables

c)

Control stakeholder engagement

d)

Accurately define product scope

82.

A project manager is analyzing the project to find ways to decrease costs. It would be best if the project manager looks at:

a)

Variable costs and fixed costs

b)

Fixed costs and indirect costs

c)

Direct costs and variable costs

d)

Indirect costs and direct costs

83.

Cost risk means:

a)

There are risks that will cost the project money

b)

The project is too risky from a cost perspective

c)

There is a risk that project costs could go higher than planned

d)

There is a risk that the cost of the project will be lower than planned

84.

You provide a project cost estimate for the project to the project sponsor. He is unhappy with the estimate, because he thinks the price should be lower. He asks you to cut 15 percent off the project estimate. What should you do?

a)

Start the project and constantly look for cost savings

b)

Tell all the team members to cut 15 percent from their estimates

c)

Inform the sponsor of the activities to be cut

d)

Add additional resources with low hourly rates

85.

There is confusion among some of the stakeholders about how the cost forecasts will be calculated on the project. They also have concerns about whether enough money has been set aside to cover the cost of risk responses. You are planning to share information in the upcoming team meeting and in reports to stakeholders to clear up the confusion. You are referencing the stakeholder and communications management plans to determine how best to communicate with the stakeholders. You will explain that the difference between the cost baseline and the cost budget can be best described as:

a)

The management reserves

b)

The contingency reserves

c)

The project cost estimate

d)

The cost account

86.

The replacement of the inventory management and portion control system for an international restaurant chain has been prioritized as a key strategic objective for the organization. Stakeholders are very concerned about many aspects of the project. They have shared these concerns and ideas in workshops, focus groups, emails, and surveys. Identified risks are:

a)

An input to the Estimate Costs process

b)

An output of the Estimate Costs process

c)

Not related to the Estimate Costs process

d)

Both an input to and an output of the Estimate Costs process

87.

In analyzing problems that have occurred during testing, the team discovered that cause-and-effect diagramming is helpful in identifying the best place to focus their efforts. Their coordination of the interrelationships of the deliverables has improve and the team has discovered efficiencies that have been shared with other projects and the organization for process improvement. This has made a difference in how well the project is aligning to the performance measurement baseline. Stakeholders are anticipating that control efforts and reporting on future projects will be easier, Earned value analysis is the basis for:

a)

Performance reporting

b)

Planning control

c)

Ishikawa diagrams

d)

Integrating the project components into a whole

88.

Although the stakeholders thought there was enough money in the budget, halfway through the project the cost performance index (CPI) is 0.7. To determine the root cause, several stakeholders audit the project and discover the project cost budget was estimated analogously. Although the activity estimates add up to the project estimate, the stakeholders think something was missing in how the estimate was complete Which of the following describes what was missing?

a)

Estimated costs should be used to measure CPI

b)

SPI should be use not CPI

c)

Bottom-up estimating should have been use

d)

Past history was not taken into account

89.

A manufacturing project has a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.89 and a cost performance index (CPI) of 0.91. Generally, what is the most likely explanation for why this occurred?

a)

The scope was change

b)

A supplier went out of business, and a new one needed to be found

c)

Additional equipment needed to be purchase

d)

A critical path activity took longer and needed more labor hours to complete

90.

You're thinking through what approach will make it easiest for the team to take responsibility for providing work performance data for all aspects of the project. As part of this approach, you believe it will be helpful to make sure the team understands how and why the data will be analyze You explain to the team that the cost management plan contains a description of:

a)

The project costs

b)

How resources are allocated

c)

The budgets and how they were calculated

d)

The WBS level at which earned value will be calculate

91.

Monitoring cost expended to date in order to detect variances from the plan occurs during:

a)

The creation of the cost change control system

b)

Recommending corrective actions

c)

Updating the cost baseline

d)

Project performance reviews

92.

The project manager is working with cost estimates in order to establish a baseline for measuring project performance. What process is this?

a)

Cost Management

b)

Estimate Costs

c)

Determine Budget

d)

Control Costs

93.

You have just completed the initiating processes of a small project and are moving into project planning when a project stakeholder asks you for the project's budget and cost baseline. What should you tell her?

a)

The project budget can be found in the project charter, which has just been complete

b)

The project budget and baseline will not be finalized and accepted until the planning processes are complete

c)

The project management plan will not contain the project's budget and baseline; this is a small project

d)

It is impossible to complete an estimate before the project management plan is create

94.

Early in the life of your project, you are having a discussion with the sponsor about what estimating techniques should be use You want a form of expert judgment, but the sponsor argues for analogous estimating. It would be best to:

a)

Agree to analogous estimating, as it is a form of expert judgment

b)

Suggest life cycle costing as a compromise

c)

Determine why the sponsor wants such an accurate estimate

d)

Try to convince the sponsor to allow expert judgment because it is typically more accurate

95.

Your cost forecast shows you will have a cost overrun at the end of the project. Which of the following should you do?

a)

Eliminate risks in estimates and reestimate.

b)

Meet with the sponsor to find out what work can be done sooner

c)

Cut quality

d)

Decrease scope

96.

You are having difficulty estimating the cost of a project. Which of the following best describes the most probable cause of your difficulty?

a)

Inadequate scope definition

b)

Unavailability of desired resources

c)

Lack of historical records from previous projects

d)

Lack of company processes

97.

You are leading a project to introduce a new healthcare appointment scheduling application. As you are creating plans detailing how the team will respond to possible events that may impact the project, you and the team determine the amount of cost contingency reserve needed. The cost contingency reserve should be:

a)

Hidden to prevent management from disallowing the reserve

b)

Added to each activity to provide the customer with a shorter critical path

c)

Maintained by management to cover cost over runs

d)

Added to the cost of the project to account for risks

98.

A project manager is informed midway through project planning that she was given inaccurate data regarding new regulations affecting the required end date of her project. She may need to make a few adjustments, but she thinks she can still manage the project to complete it before the regulations take effect. She confirms this by analyzing the sequence of activities with the least amount of scheduling flexibility. What technique is she using?

a)

Critical path method

b)

Flowchart

c)

Work breakdown structure

d)

Precedence diagramming

99.

A design engineer is helping to ensure that the dependencies within her area of expertise are properly defined on the project. The design of several deliverables must be complete before manufacturing can begin. This is an example of what type of dependency?

a)

Discretionary dependency

b)

External dependency

c)

Scope dependency

d)

Mandatory dependency

100.

Your sponsor and stakeholders have made it clear they wish to be kept informed on the project status. There are many aspects of the project on which you will report, and you want to choose the most appropriate tool to use in each case. Which of the following are generally illustrated better by bar charts than network diagrams?

a)

Critical paths

b)

Logical relationships

c)

Progress or status

d)

Resource trade-offs

101.

A heuristic is best described as a:

a)

Control tool

b)

Scheduling method

c)

Generally accepted rule

d)

Planning tool

102.

Lag means:

a)

Waiting time

b)

The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project finish date

c)

The product of a for ward and backward pass

d)

The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of its successor

103.

A project manager is new to the company but has 10 years of project management experience. She is given a medium-sized project and is asked to plan so it is finished as quickly as possible because the company has a large list of projects to complete in the coming year. She will be given another project to manage as soon as she has this one baseline She needs to report on the longest time the project will take. Which of the following is the best project management tool to use to determine this?

a)

Work breakdown structure

b)

Network diagram

c)

Project charter

d)

Bar chart

104.

Which of the following is correct?

a)

The critical path helps prove how long the project will take

b)

There can be only one critical path.

c)

The network diagram will change every time the end date changes.

d)

A project can never have negative float.

105.

A new project manager is walking you through the schedule she has created for her project. She asks you about the duration of a particular milestone, so she knows how to properly schedule it What will you tell her about a milestone's duration?

a)

It is shorter than the duration of the longest activity.

b)

It is shorter than the activity it represents.

c)

It has no duration

d)

It is the same length as the activity it represents

106.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between standard deviation and risk?

a)

There is no relationship

b)

Standard deviation tells you if the estimate is accurate

c)

Standard deviation tells you how uncertain the estimate is

d)

Standard deviation tells you if the estimate includes a pad

107.

The float of an activity is determined by:

a)

Performing a Monte Carlo analysis

b)

Determining the waiting time between activities

c)

Determining lag

d)

Determining the length of time the activity can be delayed without delaying the critical path

108.

To help them determine the schedule baseline, the team has drafted a network diagram. The project manager adds the time estimates for each activity to establish the critical path for the project. They discover the project has three critical paths. Which of the following best describes how this discovery will affect the project?

a)

It makes it easier to manage

b)

It increase the project risk

c)

It requires more people.

d)

It makes it more expensive

109.

The team is working on a project to develop or procure a customized software package that will be used by delivery drivers for a new chain of pizza restaurants. There are multiple stakeholders on this project. Because of other ongoing projects to design, buil and equip brick-and-mortar restaurant locations, you are informed that there is no rush to complete this software development work. If project time and cost are not as important as the number of resources used each month, which of the following is the best thing to do?

a)

Perform a Monte Carlo analysis.

b)

Fast track the project.

c)

Perform resource optimization

d)

Analyze the life cycle costs.

110.

You have identified a diverse group of stakeholders, and you will need to report information in a variety of ways to meet their different communications needs. When will you use a milestone chart instead of a bar chart?

a)

Project planning

b)

Reporting to management

c)

Reporting to team members

d)

Risk analysis

111.

The organization is committed to rolling out a new cell phone accessory at an industry trade show in six months. The sponsor has made it clear that this product, to be created by your project team, must meet a long list of requirements, adhere to high quality standards, an most importantly, be ready in time for the trade show. The sponsor has promised to commit as many resources as necessary for you to complete the project within these constraints. Your project management plan results in a project schedule that is too long. If the project network diagram cannot change but you have extra personnel resources, what is the best thing to do?

a)

Fast track the project.

b)

Crash the project

c)

Level the resources.

d)

Level the resources.

112.

Your team worked hard throughout project planning, thoroughly defining and estimating each activity required to complete the work. The resulting network diagram supported the end date that was approved by the team, management, and the stakeholders. As work has progresse most milestones have been met. On two occasions, workarounds were needed to deal with the occurrence of unidentified risk events. With continued attention to detail, you have been successful in keeping the project on schedule and within budget. Now, an opportunity is identified that can only be realized if the project is completed two days ahead of schedule. Which of the following is the best thing to do when asked to complete a project two days earlier than planned?

a)

Tell senior management that the project's critical path does not allow the project to be finished earlier.

b)

Tell your manager.

c)

Meet with the team to look at options for crashing or fast tracking the critical path

d)

Work hard and see what the project status is next month.

113.

Although the customer agreed to the original project schedule, they are now asking for an earlier project finish. They are being pressured by their own customers. The project manager's sponsor thinks finishing early is not only a viable option but also a good idea for your organization because it will enable you to start another project sooner. In attempting to complete the project faster, the project manager looks at the cost associated with crashing each activity. The best approach to crashing would also include looking at the:

a)

Risk impact of crashing each activity

b)

Customer's opinion of which activities to crash

c)

Sponsor's opinion of which activities to crash and in what order

d)

Project life cycle phase in which the activity is due to occur

114.

You are working collaboratively with the teaml to plan a project. You have obtained estimates from team members on the activities for which they each will be responsible. You are currently reaching agreement on the calendar dates for each activity. Which of the following processes are you working on?

a)

Sequence Activities

b)

Develop Schedule

c)

Define Scope

d)

Develop Project Charter

115.

A project manager is in the middle of executing a large construction project when he discovers the time needed to complete the project is longer than the time available. What is the best thing to do?

a)

Cut product scope

b)

Meet with management, and tell them the required date cannot be met

c)

Work overtime

d)

Determine options for schedule compression, and present management with the recommended option

116.

During project planning, you estimate the time needed for each activity and then total the estimates to create the project estimate. You commit to completing the project by this date. What is wrong with this scenario?

a)

The team did not create the estimate, and estimating takes too long using that metho

b)

The team did not create the estimate, and a network diagram was not use

c)

The estimate is too long and should be created by management.

d)

The project estimate should be the same as the customer's required completion date.

117.

You are a project manager on a $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, you notice a series of activities that can be worked in parallel but must finish in a specific sequence. What type of activity sequencing method is required for these activities?

a)

precedence diagramming method

b)

Arrow diagramming method

c)

Critical path method

d)

Operational diagramming method

118.

You are a project manager on a US $5,000,000 software development project. While working with your project team to develop a network diagram, your data architects suggest that quality could be improved if the data model is approved by senior management before moving on to other design elements. They support this suggestion with an article from a leading software development journal. Which of the following best describes this type of input?

a)

Mandatory external dependency

b)

Discretionary external dependency

c)

External regulatory dependency

d)

Heuristic

119.
a)

Activity

b)

Activity D

c)

Activity H

d)

Activity C

120.

You have a project with the following activities: Activity A takes 40 hours and can start after the project starts. Activity B takes 25 hours and should happen after the project starts. Activity C must happen after activity A and takes 35 hours. Activity D must happen after activities B and C and takes 30 hours. Activity E must take place after activity Cand takes 10 hours. Activity F takes place after Activity E and takes 22 hours. Activities F and D are the last activities of the project. Which of the following is true if activity B actually takes 37 hours?

a)

The critical path is 67 hours.

b)

The critical path changes to Start, En

c)

The critical path is Start, E, F, En

d)

The critical path increases by 12 hours.

121.

A project manager has received activity duration estimates from his team. Which of the following does he need in order to complete the Develop Schedule process?

a)

Earned value analysis

b)

Schedule change control system

c)

Reserves

d)

Trend analysis

122.

A project manager is taking over a project from another project manager during project planning. If the new project manager wants to see what the previous project manager planned for managing changes to the schedule, it would be best to look at the:

a)

Communications management plan

b)

Update management plan

c)

Schedule nanagement plan

d)

Staffing management plan

123.

A project manager is using weighted average duration estimates to perform schedule network analysis. Which of mathematical analysis is being used?

a)

Critical path method

b)

Beta distribution

c)

Resource leveling

d)

Monte Carlo

124.

The WBS, estimates for each work package, and the network diagram are complete The next thing for the project manager to do is:

a)

Sequence the activities.

b)

Validate that they have the correct scope.

c)

Create a preliminary schedule and get the team's approval

d)

Complete risk management.

125.

A new product development project has four levels in the work breakdown structure and has been sequenced using the precedence diagramming metho The activity duration estimates have been receive What should be done next?

a)

Create an activity list.

b)

Begin the work breakdown structure.

c)

Compress the schedule

d)

Finalize the schedule.

126.

You are the project manager for a new product development project that has four levels in the work breakdown structure. The network diagram and duration estimates have been create and a schedule has been developed and compresse Which schedule management activity should you do next?

a)

Control the schedule.

b)

Determine dependencies.

c)

Gain approval

d)

Analogously estimate the schedule.

127.

A team member from research and development tells you that her work is too creative to provide you with a fixed single estimate for the activity. You both decide to use the average labor hours (from past, similar projects) to develop a prototype. This is an example of which of the following?

a)

Parametric estimating

b)

Three-point estimating

c)

Monte Carlo analysis

d)

Analogous estimating

128.

As part of a project manager's due diligence, he reviews the schedule, focusing on each activity as its start time approaches. He also monitors activities as they progress. He is currently looking at an activity that has an early start (ES) of day 3, a late start (LS) of day 13, an early finish (EF) of day 9. and a late finish (LF) of day 19. In all likelihoo this activity.

a)

Is on the critical path

b)

Has a lag

c)

Is progressing well

d)

Is not on the critical path

129.

The project is calculated to be completed four days after the desired completion date. You do not have access to additional resources. The project is low risk, the benefit-cost ratio is expected to be 1.6, and the dependencies are preferential. Under these circumstances, what is the best thing to do?

a)

Cut resources from an activity

b)

Make more activities concurrent

c)

Move resources from the preferential dependencies to the external dependencies

d)

Remove an activity from the project

130.

A project manager for a small construction company has a project that was budgeted for $130,000 over a six-week perio According to the schedule, the project should have cost S60,000 to date. However, it has cost $90,000 to date. The project is also behind schedule, because the original estimates were not accurate. Who has the primary responsibility to solve this problem?

a)

Project manager

b)

Project sponsor

c)

Senior management

d)

Manager of the project management office

131.

Senior management is complaining that they are not able to easily determine the status of ongoing projects in the organization. Which of the following types of reports would help provide summary information to senior management?

a)

Project management plans

b)

Milestone reports

c)

Detailed cost estimates

d)

Bar charts

132.

Rearranging resources so that a constant number of resources is used each month is called:

a)

Crashing

b)

Floating

c)

Leveling

d)

Fast tracking

133.

The team is helping the project manager estimate activities on their project. They are experienced and skille and many members have been with the company for some time. There are several activities they need to estimate that have not been previously done by the company. What is the best method of estimating these activities?

a)

Analogous estimating

b)

Three-point estimating

c)

Parametric estimating

d)

Monte Carlo analysis

134.

During project executing, a large number of changes are made to the project. Several of the change requests have come from the customer, significantly changing the functionality of the originally requested product. Six project team members have been reassigned by management to a higher- priority project, and they have been replace As project work has progresse many of the identified risks have occurred and have been successfully mitigate However, three contingency plans have been adjusted and will be implemented if identified risks recur during the remainder of the project. The project manager should:

a)

Wait until all changes are known, and then print out a new schedule.

b)

Make sure the project charter is still vali

c)

Change the schedule baseline.

d)

Talk to management before any changes are made.

135.

One common way to compute estimate at completion (EAC) is to take the budget at completion (BAC) and:

a)

Divide by SPI.

b)

Multiply by SPI.

c)

Multiply by CPI.

d)

Divide by CPI.

136.

The finance department requires that you keep them updated on the costs being spent on the capital project you are leading. You were required to submit a funding plan, and monthly forecasts are necessary so that any changes to the funding plan can be requested in advance and evaluate Exceeding the budget limit is unacceptable, as it will impact the stock value. You have successfully implemented processes and practices to anticipate funding changes, and you evaluate them to minimize problems and increase the efficient use of funds. You have employed a variety of reporting and analysis techniques to meet the finance department requirements, One of them is EA which is a periodic evaluation of:

a)

The cost of work completed

b)

The value of work performed

c)

The anticipated total cost at project completion

d)

What it will cost to finish the project

137.

If earned value (EV) 350, actual cost (AC)- 400, and planned value (PV) = 325, what is the cost variance (CV)? CV=EV-AC

a)

350

b)

-75

c)

400

d)

-50

138.

The customer responsible for overseeing your project asks you to provide a written cost estimate that is 30 percent higher than your estimate of the project's cost. He explains that the budgeting process requires managers to estimate pessimistically to ensure enough money is allocated for projects. What is the best way to handle this?

a)

Add the 30 percent as a lump sum contingency fund to handle project risks.

b)

Add the 30 percent to your cost estimate by spreading it evenly across all project activities.

c)

Create one cost baseline for budget allocation and a second one for the actual project manage-ment plan.

d)

Ask for information on risks that would cause your estumate to be too low.

139.

You've recently been assigned to manage a marketing project to brand a sustainable development program. Even though you are just starting your efforts, the sponsors are concerned about the likelihood of reaching planned milestones during the project. They are wondering how you will go about estimating. Analogous estimating:

a)

Uses bottom-up estimating techniques

b)

Is used most frequently during project executing

c)

Uses top-down estimating techniques

d)

Calculates eslimates using actual detailed historical costs

140.

You have been working with the subject matter experts to estimate the activity durations and costs on the project. All the following are outputs of the Istimate Costs process except:

a)

An understanding of the cost risk in the work that has been estimated

b)

The prevention of inappropriate changes from being included in the cost baseline

c)

An indication of the range of possible costs for the

d)

Documentation of any assumptions made during the Estimate Costs process project

141.

The product your project team is working on is a replacement of a device the company launched a couple of years ago. That device did not meet market projections for sales, even though it was revolutionary in its capabilities. The reason it did not meet projections was that the life cycle costing was not fully considered and analyzed during the device development. When the original device was offered to the market, it had initial success until a trade publication analyzed the life cycle costs and determined they were unreasonably high. Sales lagged due to the negative reports. Internal tests showed that the trade publication was correct. This time the team is taking life cycle costs into consideration as they develop the product. The main focus of life cycle costing is for:

a)

Estimate installation costs

b)

Estimate the cost of operations and maintenance

c)

Consider installation costs when planning the project costs

d)

Consider operations and maintenance costs making project decisions

142.

You're managing a project to develop a new mobile application for the inventory-tracking-and-control system of a restaurant franchise organization. Schedule is the highest-priority constraint for the leadership team, but the franchise owners are most concerned about cost and the quality of the application. If there are bugs and errors in the system, they will pay higher costs on waste or lost sales. But investing a lot of effort into delivering great functionality could be expensive. It was decided that an adaptive approach to the project life cycle would likely be the best way to balance the competing priorities and deliver a working, cost-effective application. The franchise decision team has been meeting with the development team. The groups feel good about the project's progress, but they are hearing concerns from other stakeholders about what the impact will be to the bottom line and whether the system will be ready for launch. These concerns were anticipated in planning, and will be managed with cost performance measurement. Cost performance measurement is best done through which of the following?

a)

Asking for a percent complete from each team member and reporting that in the monthly progress report

b)

Calculating earned value, and using indexes and other calculations to report past performance and forecast future performance

c)

Using the 50/50 rule, and making sure the life cycle cost is less than the project cost

d)

Focusing on the amount expended last month and what will he expended the following month

143.

A cost performance index (CPI) of 0.89 means:

a)

At this time, we expect the total project to cost 89 percent more than planne

b)

When the project is complete we will have spent 89 percent more than planne

c)

The project is progressing at 89 percent of the rate planne

d)

The project is getting 89 cents out of every dollar investe

144.

The team's attitude toward the project is very positive. They are excited about the research and development work they are doing. The value of the work completed today is $60 million. The potential consumers from the product testing and focus groups have stated "the product will be amazing" and "they would absolutely buy it." Ihe phase gate review board has received the reports and is asking for market projections and launch plans. They are wondering when this product can start returning value to the organization. The project is budgeted to cost $77,million. The value of the work planned to be done to this point is $78.9 million. What does the schedule performance index (SPI) for this project tell you?

a)

You are over budget.

b)

You are ahead of schedule.

c)

You are progressing at 76 percent of the rate originally planne.

d)

You are progressing at 24 percent of the rate originally planne.

145.

The project management team is busy breaking down deliverables, and the procurement department has started looking for possible sellers to help produce the deliverables. There are departmental concerns that the project could go over budget because the scope will be iterated and the planning and development will be done in increments. At a recent company gathering, the sponsor asked questions of the project manager and the project management staff team about how changes in scope will affect the estimates. The sponsor wanted to know how the project estimates could be relied upon, given that they were planning to iterate the scope. The project manager reassured them that the team has the right tools with which to provide accurate estimates, and will utilize the tools throughout the project. Which of the following is not needed in order to come up with a project estimate?

a)

WBS

b)

network diagram

c)

Risks

d)

Change requests

146.

Which of the following is an example of a parametric estimate?

a)

Dollars module per

b)

Learning bend

c)

Bottom-up

d)

CPM

147.

A rough order of magnitude (ROM) estimate is made during which project management process group?

a)

Planning

b)

Closing

c)

Executing

d)

Initiating

148.

For each activity on your project, you have worked with designers, engineers, technical experts, and consultants to come up with details on the resources needed to complete the activity. For some of the activities the lists are quite long, as you need raw and finished materials, equipment, and people. You have a limited amount of warehousing available, so you have to coordinate the deliveries and work so that the materials and equipment are delivered as close to the start of an activity as possible. You and the project management team have identified the amount of time and money needed for each of the activities, which you have then aggregated and analyzed with their help. These efforts will eventually result in the creation of a cost baseline for the project. A senior manager is trying to better understand the work of project management and has asked which process produces the cost baseline. What is the correct response?

a)

Estimate Activity Resources

b)

Determine Budget

c)

Estimate Costs

d)

Control Costs

149.

During which project management process group are budget forecasts created?

a)

Monitoring and controlling

b)

Planning

c)

Initiating

d)

Executing

150.

Which type of cost is team training?

a)

Direct

b)

NPV

c)

Indirect

d)

Fixed

151.

Project setup costs are an example of:

a)

Variable costs

b)

Fixed costs

c)

Overhead costs

d)

Opportunity costs

152.

The quality efforts on the project have gone through some changes during the first four months of project work. Two processes in particular have undergone extensive change. The customer is happy with the work to date, but has heard that the competition is working on a similar product. The team has been asked to analyze and create options for the customer. Value analysis is performed to get:

a)

More value from the cost analysis

b)

Management to buy into the project

c)

The team to buy into the project

d)

A less costly way of doing the same work

153.

Which estimating method tends to be most costly for creating a project cost estimate?

a)

Bottom-up

b)

Analogous

c)

Parametric

d)

50/50

154.

To gain a clear indication of how the project is progressing, the buyer expects periodic reporting that includes analysis of the work that has been accomplished according to plan, the dollars that have been spent and how they reflect the planned expenses, the accepted deliverables, and evaluation of the risk events that have occurre Which of the following represents the estimated value of the work actually accomplished?

a)

Earned value (EV)

b)

Planned value (PV)

c)

Actual cost (AC)

d)

Cost variance (CV)

155.

Which of the following are all items included in the cost management plan?

a)

The level of accuracy needed for estimates, rules for measuring cost performance, and specifications for how duration estimates should be stated

b)

Specifications for how estimates should be state rules tor measuring cost performance, and the level of accuracy needed tor estimates

c)

Rules for measuring team performance, the level of accuracy needed for estimates, and specifications for how estimates should be stated

d)

Specifications for how estimates should be state the level of risk needed for estimates, and rules for measuring cost performance

156.

Your project has a medium amount of risk and is not very well define The sponsor hands you a project charter and asks you to confirm that the project can be completed within the project cost budget. What is the best method to handle this?

a)

Develop an estimate in the form of a range of possible results.

b)

Ask the team members to help estimate the cost based on the project charter.

c)

Based on the information you have, calculate a parametric estimate.

d)

Provide an analogous estimate based on past history.