the sum of the body’s chemical reactions.

an increase in size of individual cells or an increase in the number of cells.

the process by which waste products are removed from the body.

sensing and reacting to changes in the environment.

ability of an entire organism to move, or movement between the cells of organisms.

the production of new cells within and organism or the production of offspring.

2 or more organs that carry out a broad function in the body.

Chemicals-> Cells-> Tissues-> Organs-> Organ systems-> Organisms

includes the skin and accessory organs and is responsible for protecting the body from the external environment, producing vitamin D, retaining water and regulating body temperature.

consists of the bones and their associated skeletal cartilages. Functions include support of the body, protecting internal organs, providing leverage for movement, producing blood cells and storing calcium salts.

body system consisting of the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. Functions to produce movement, control body openings and generate heat.

Consists of organs and tissues including the lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils and thymus. Returns excess fluid to the cardiovascular system and provides immunity.

group of organs consisting of the lungs and respiratory tract. Delivers oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body.

includes the alimentary canal and accessory organs and is responsible for digesting food, absorption of nutrients into the blood, and removing wastes

Includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves. Functions include regulating body functions and providing for sensation, movement, automatic functions and higher mental functions via nerve impulses.

the group of organs that secretes hormones, which influence the functions of the other cells and tissues.

the organ system made up of the heart and the blood vessels; delivers and drains blood to and from the tissues.

includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. Functions include removing metabolic wastes from the blood, regulating fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance as well as stimulating red blood cell production.

organ system that includes sex organs and is concerned with the production of gametes and hormones. Allows for the production of offspring.

the study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the unaided eye.

the study of structures that can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.

the study of tissues.

the study of cells.

the body is standing upright and the feet are shoulder width apart, with upper limbs at the sides of the trunk and the head and palms facing forward.

toward the front.

toward the back.

toward the head.

toward the tail.

a position (on a limb) that is closer to the point of origin (usually the trunk.)

a position (on a limb) that is further away from the point of origin (usually the trunk.)

toward the midline.

away from the midline.

a position that is closer to the surface of the body.

a position that is farther away from the surface of the body or more within the body’s interior.

a plane of section that divides the body or body part into right and left portions.

a plane of section that divides the body or body part into equal right and left portions; also known as median plane.

A plane of a section that divides the body or body part into unequal right and left portions.

A plane of section that divides the body or body part into anterior and posterior portions; also known as the coronal plane.

A plane of section that divides the body or body part into superior and inferior or proximal and distal portions; also known as the horizontal plane or cross-section.

any fluid filled space within the body.

includes cranial and vertebral (spinal) cavities.

house brain.

house spinal cord.

includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

includes pleural cavities, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity.

surround each lung.

the portion of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs.

the very narrow potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes; contains a thin layer of serous fluid. This is the cavity that surrounds the heart.

useful in determining a problem by narrow what a possible problem could be. Include upper left, upper right, lower left and lower right.

includes nine regions. Superior regions are right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac. Middle regions are right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar. Inferior regions are right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.

thin sheets of tissue that envelope certain organs and produce serous fluid.

maintenance of the body’s stable, internal environment.

disturbances in homeostasis that can lead to disease or death if uncorrected.

the response in which the change in a regulated variable in one direction results in actions that cause changes in the variable in the opposite direction. Example: regulation of body temperature.

A type of feedback loop in which the effector’s activity increases, reinforcing the initial stimulus and amplifying the response of the effector. Example: child birth.

in contact with underlying organ.