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Unit VII Cognition AP Psych Baxer

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The system that encodes, stores and retrieves information

a)

Chunking

b)

Memory

c)

Sensory experience

d)

Rehearsal

2.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
3.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
4.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
5.
Holds about 7 items at a time
a)
Short-term memory
b)
Long-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
6.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
7.

A memory of something that was NOT consciously learned.

a)

Implicit memory

b)

Explicit memory

c)

Retroactive memory

d)

Declarative memory

8.
The rules of language
a)
Grammer
b)
Morphemes
c)
Language acquistion
d)
Script
9.
Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
10.

Denying and/or ignoring information that does not fit our opinions/beliefs.

a)

Confirmation bias

b)

Hindsight bias

c)

Anchoring bias

d)

Availability bias

11.

Phonemes and morphemes refer to

a)

elements of telegraphic speech

b)

basic elements of language

c)

basic elements of concepts

d)

memories stored in the LTM

12.

Your sensory memory is the quickest and is split into two parts, what you hear and what you see. These are called...

a)

Ego and Id

b)

visual-spatial

c)

echoic and iconic

d)

audio and myopic

13.

This researcher is best known for his curve of forgetting.

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

14.

On the following list, which would you remember based on the recency effect? 4,9,8,4,2,6,3,6,8,4,2,1,1,5,7

a)

4,9,8

b)

4,2,6

c)

3,6,8

d)

1,5,7

e)

6,3,6

15.

Someone who cannot encode new memories has...

a)

Anterograde amnesia

b)

Long-term potentiation

c)

Retroactive Interference

d)

Proactive Interference

16.

This theorist believed humans were born with the ability to acquire language, meaning children are predisposed to learning language.

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

17.

This theorist believed that the language we speak can change how we think. For instance, some languages have more words for "love" than English. Does this mean that they have a greater understanding of what love is?

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

18.
What are morphemes?
a)
Two or more words
b)
Smallest meaningful units
c)
Composed of many words (infinite)
d)
Basic Sounds
19.
Grammar
a)
the system of rules for acceptable language
b)
the smallest units of sound that carry meaning
c)
the system of rules for putting words in order
d)
the system of using words to create meaning
20.
When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?
a)
Intuition insight 
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Belief perserverance
d)
Availability heurisitic
21.
______ is an example of a concept that best exemplifies the characteristics of that concept.
a)
prototype
b)
concept
c)
syntax
d)
thinking
22.
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.
a)
availability heuristics
b)
representative heuristics
c)
concepts
d)
functional fixedness
23.

The weatherman in Idaho says there is a 20% chance it will rain & u get ur umbrella. The weatherman in Wyoming says it's and 80% chance of sun & u get ur sunglasses.

a)

This exemplifies prototypes

b)

This demonstrates your concept for weather

c)

This is an example of mental set

d)

This is a demonstration of framing

24.

Which of the following terms best represents the ability to produce ideas which are both novel and valuable?

a)

convergence

b)

creativity

c)

algorithm

d)

representative heuristic

e)

availability heuristic

25.

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

a)

Divergent Thinking

b)

Convergent Thinking

c)

Intrinsic Motivation

d)

Availability Heuristic

e)

Representative Heuristic

26.

What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?

a)

Confirmation Bias

b)

Overconfidence

c)

Intuition

d)

Insight

e)

Algorithm

27.

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of

a)

syntax.

b)

semantics.

c)

morphemes.

d)

prototypes.

e)

linguistic determinism.

28.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
29.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
30.
Memory decay is fastest for which type of memory?
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Short Term Memory
c)
Working Memory
d)
Long Term Memory
31.
What is the worst way to form long term memories?
a)
Having a strong emotional experience to a memory.
b)
Spaced Practice
c)
Elaborative Rehearsal
d)
Mass Practice
32.

Elizabeth Loftus did work related to

a)

accurate memories being found during hypnosis

b)

repressed and false memories

c)

the forgetting curve.

d)

the capacity and duration of short term memory.

33.

According to _________ theory, you're not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.

a)

Constructive memory

b)

repressive memory

c)

episodic memory

d)

priming

34.
Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?
a)
brain stem
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
hippocampus
35.

Remembering is facilitated when you are in a similar situation or environment as when you encoded it.

a)

Context Dependent Memory

b)

State Dependent Memory

c)

Elaborative Memory

d)

Long Term Memory

36.

Harriet became nervous and forgot the name of her boyfriend's sister. Her forgetting can best be explained by

a)

Context Dependent Memory

b)

State Dependent Memory

c)

Elaborative Rehearsal

d)

Long Term Memory

37.

Remembering how to perform behaviors, like typing on a keyboard, is an example of:

a)

Episodic memory

b)

Procedural memory

c)

Semantic memory

d)

Declarative memory

38.
Not being able to remember an old phone number because you can only remember the new one is an example of:
a)
Proactive interference
b)
Primacy Effect
c)
Reteroactive interference
d)
Recency Effect
39.

To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must

a)

be sensitive to repressed memories.

b)

provide details to the child before the interview

c)

use neutral words that don't influence their answers.

d)

employ leading questions to prompt a response

40.
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
a)
repressed memories.
b)
sensory memories
c)
mood-congruent memories
d)
flashbulb memories
41.
The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory
a)
explicit   
b)
short-term   
c)
implicit   
d)
sensory
42.

Which specific area of the brain is important in recalling declarative memories?

a)

The hippocampus

b)

The cererbral cortex

c)

The prefrontal cortex

d)

The amygdala

43.

The basic memory process involves

a)

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

b)

looking, listening, learning

c)

sensing, processing, remembering

d)

giving meaning to memories

44.

The information model of memory contains

a)

Visual stores, auditory stores and haptic stores

b)

structural, shallow and deep processing

c)

encoding, storing and remembering

d)

sensory, short-term and Long-term memory processes

45.

Memories that are implanted and we believe actually happen even though they did not are called

a)

Flash bulb memories

b)

Reconstructed memories

c)

Semantic memories

d)

False memories

46.

Donna easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning but she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

a)

The spacing effect

b)

Proactive interference

c)

Retroactive interference

d)

State-dependent memory

47.

Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students:

a)

will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come.

b)

will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them.

c)

will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they’ll remember for years to come.

d)

will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

48.

Trying to remember information by making information meaningful to you is which encoding process?

a)

self reference encoding

b)

chunking

c)

imagery

d)

mnemonic device

49.

Sam has been assigned to think of a solution for students who struggle with mental health at FHS. He can only think of one solution; sending them to the guidance counselors.

a)

convergent thinking

b)

divergent thinking

c)

out of box thinking

d)

insight

50.

Ben's good friend Jess decided to wait until the night before to study for the Cognitive Test. Ben, on the other hand, took the suggestion of Mr. Baxer and spaced out his review over 4 nights. Ben's strategy was

a)

Distributed practice

b)

Massed practice

c)

Cram practice

d)

Retroactive practice

51.

The last time Mark's computer froze he restarted it and it worked. The next time his computer froze the only solution he could think of is to restart it again.

a)

out of box thinking

b)

divergent thinking

c)

functional fixedness

d)

Mental set

52.

This multiple choice question is an example of what kind of retrieval process?

a)

recall

b)

recognition

c)

reiteration

d)

relearning

53.

The skills needed to ride a bicycle are stored as

a)

implicit memories

b)

episodic memories

c)

explicit memories

d)

echoic memories

54.
A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Concept
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
55.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
56.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
57.

Cognitive psychologist now believe that the "central executive" of the memory processes is

a)

Longterm memory

b)

Sensory memory

c)

Working memory

d)

Echoic memory

e)

Iconic memory

58.

Your ability to simultaneously process several stimuli at once is known as

a)

Dual processing

b)

Parallel processing

c)

Sensory integration

d)

Mnemonics

59.

Classically conditioned memories are stored in this part of the brain.

a)

Hippocampus

b)

Frontal cortex

c)

Basal ganglia

d)

Cerebellum

60.

The strengthening of synapses based on recurrent patterns of activity is known as

a)

linguistic determinism

b)

mood-congruent memory

c)

long-term potentiation

d)

deep processing