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APES midterm review

Total questions: 69

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The eutrophication that has taken place in the Gulf of Mexico and other locations appears to be due to 
a)
A)  global warming from the human use of fossil fuels
b)
A)  pesticide use along the waterways
c)
A)  heavy metals dumped into the sewage
d)
A)  excess nutrients from fertilizers
2.
A species that is only found on one location on the planet
a)
Endemic
b)
r-selected
c)
k-selected
d)
 Extinct 
3.
A species that reproduces in large quantities multiple times per year
a)
Endemic
b)
r-selected
c)
k-selected
d)
 Extinct 
4.
This organism usually has a survivorship III curve with many babies being born and only a few surviving to adulthood. 
a)
Endemic
b)
r-selected
c)
k-selected
d)
 Extinct 
5.
 These species have long pregnancies and usually only have 1 offspring at a time.
a)
Endemic
b)
r-selected
c)
k-selected
d)
 Extinct 
6.
Humans are classified as this...
a)
Endemic
b)
r-selected
c)
k-selected
d)
 Extinct 
7.
Which of the following gives the major factors that determine a population's growth rate? 
a)
adaptation, competition, birth rate, emigration 
b)
survivorship, natural selection, mutation, extinction 
c)
Immigration, climate, emigration, biotic potential 
d)
growth rate, death rate, emigration, immigration 
8.
The force driving plate tectonics is ________. 
a)
freezing and thawing of water in the earth's crust 
b)
nuclear reactions in magma 
c)
solar radiation 
d)
heat in the deepest layers of the earth 
9.
The oceans face pressure from ________. 
a)
overfishing 
b)
the Endangered Species Act 
c)
increasing whale populations 
d)
too many preserves 
10.
Which of the following factors drives Total Fertility Rate down?     
a)
high infant mortality
b)
social and economic security
c)
poverty
d)
history and tradition
11.
A country with ________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future
a)
a female to male ratio of 1.2 to 1
b)
growing industrialization
c)
many developing regions
d)
high female literacy
12.
Modern Market economics generally do not address.....
a)
cost benefits analysis
b)
cost of production
c)
asthetic and cultural value of goods and services
d)
market value of goods
13.
The main reason for high species extinction rate that we see today is:
a)
glabal climate change
b)
invasive diseased organisms
c)
overharvesting or Earth's fossil fuels
d)
Habitat destruction
14.
The ability of an ecological community to change in response to a disturbance but later return to the original state.
a)
resistence
b)
resilience
c)
character displacement
d)
ecotourism
15.
The Ability of an ecological community to remain stable in the presence of a disturbance
a)
resistence
b)
resilience
c)
character displacement
d)
ecotourism
16.

Line b represents

a)

exponential growth

b)

overshoot and dieoff

c)

constant growth

d)

species at carrying capacity

17.

Line c represents

a)

exponential growth

b)

overshoot and dieoff

c)

constant growth

d)

species at carrying capacity

18.

Which has a negative growth rate

a)

Country 1

b)

Country 2

c)

Country 3

d)

Country 4

19.

Which country has the highest fertility rate?

a)

Country 1

b)

Country 2

c)

Country 3

d)

Country 4

20.

Which country would you expect to be in stage 1 of the demographic transition

a)

Country 1

b)

Country 2

c)

Country 3

d)

Country 4

21.

During which stage does population experience an explosive increase in growth?

a)

Stage 1

b)

Stage 2

c)

Stage 3

d)

Stage 4

22.

In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?

a)

Stage 1

b)

Stage 2

c)

Stage 3

d)

Stage 4

23.

In a human population undergoing the demographic transition, which of the following generally decreases first?

a)

Birth rate

b)

Death rate

c)

life expectancy

d)

Average family size

24.

During which stage of the demographic transition are birth rates and death rates become equal but population is high

a)

Stage 1

b)

Stage 2

c)

Stage 3

d)

Stage 4

25.

In an acre of grassland, net primary productivity is best measured as

a)

carbon taken up by plants in sunlight plus carbon released by plants in the dark

b)

carbon taken up by plants in sunlight

c)

aboveground biomass of plants

d)

aboveground and belowground biomass of plants

e)

carbon taken up by plants in sunlight minus carbon released by plants in the dark

26.

Ocean acidification represents a key component of the

a)

nitrogen cycle

b)

hydrologic cycle

c)

phosphorus cycle

d)

carbon cycle

e)

sulfur cycle

27.

Which contributes to the physical weathering of rocks?

a)

Acid rain

b)

Burial in sediment

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Growth of plant roots

e)

Deposition

28.

Which biome has the most nutrient-rich soil?

a)

Savanna

b)

Temperate Deciduous Forest

c)

Tropical Rainforest

d)

Desert

29.

Which statement describes how energy moves through an ecosystem?

a)

Energy is recycled through decomposers.

b)

Energy is captured by producers and passed up the food chain.

c)

Energy is absorbed from the soil.

d)

Energy increases as you move up the food chain.

30.

Which of the following statements about biodiversity is true?

a)

Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the number of genes in an area.

b)

A small distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity.

c)

Global hotspots occur because of habitat restoration.

d)

Populations with high genetic diversity are better able to respond to environmental stressors.

31.

If there are 35,000 kcals of energy captured by the producers from the sun, how much is available for the tertiary consumer?

a)

3,500 kcals

b)

350 kcals

c)

35 kcals

d)

3.5 kcals

32.

Why is a raccoon considered a prime example of a generalist?

a)

Raccoons can only live in certain areas.

b)

Raccoons can adapt to living in different habitats.

c)

Raccoons can only eat certain types of foods.

d)

Raccoons are not good examples of generalists.

33.

Which letter represents carrying capacity?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

34.

Which position in the diagram represents winter for the northern hemisphere?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

35.

Why are vegetables a more sustainable food source than meat?

a)

It takes less land to raise animals for food.

b)

It takes more land to raise animals for food.

c)

Vegetables require more fertilizer.

d)

Vegetables require more pesticides.

36.

Which would be a secondary consumer?

a)

rabbit

b)

mouse

c)

aphid

d)

fox

37.

According to the diagram, what biome would you expect to find in a area with an average temperature of 25oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tropical seasonal forest/savanna

b)

temperate rainforest

c)

woodland/shrubland

d)

temperate seasonal forest

e)

tropical rainforest

38.

Which of these is true of Earth's atmosphere?

a)

meteors are often found in the troposphere

b)

The troposphere is where weather occurs

c)

The ozone layer is found in the thermosphere

d)

Auroras are found in the mesosphere

39.

A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?

a)

The plants used up all of the phosphorus and potassium and left the nitrogen behind.

b)

Primary succession always produces an abundance of nitrogen.

c)

Bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.

d)

More rock was weathered and broken down to release nitrogen compounds.

40.

Which of the following is a biome found at

30° N and 30° S

a)

Rain forests

b)

Tundra

c)

Desert

d)

coniferous forest

41.

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment?

a)

A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside.

b)

Plants release O2 into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

c)

Low Nitrogen content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.

d)

Coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current.

42.

Which location is known for hot spot vulcanism?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

43.

Which location is known for a divergent boundary that allows magma to rise to the surface?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

44.
Which type of soil would be used for the liner of a landfill?
a)
soil high in gravel
b)
soil high in sand
c)
soil high in clay
d)
soil high in silt
45.
Which would be classified as "loam"?
a)
Sand: 40, Silt: 40, Clay: 20
b)
Sand: 60, Silt: 10, Clay: 30
c)
Sand: 20, Silt: 50, Clay: 30
d)
Sand: 50, Silt: 10, Clay: 40
46.
Which tree species probably grows best with full sunlight?
a)
tulip poplar
b)
white oak
c)
sugar maple
d)
beech
47.
Which community shows the greatest species richness?
a)
community 1
b)
community 2
c)
it is the same for both
d)
neither has species richness
48.
Applying herbicide to crops kills weeds. However, after many generations of use there are actually more weeds than before. How is this possible?
a)
The weeds were able to change their DNA and become a different type of species
b)
Use of herbicides selected for resistant weeds over time
c)
The farmer must have used  less of the herbicides with each generation
d)
More herbicide use results in increased growth of crops, but not in weeds
49.
What is one concern with genetically modified crops?
a)
they could lead to decreased genetic diversity
b)
they could increase yield and require less land to grow the same amount of food
c)
GM crops are only able to grow in the perfect soil conditions
d)
Runoff from GM crops can pollute water systems with increased levels of nitrogen and pesticides
50.
Amphibians are often affected more by chemicals such as pesticides because
a)
amphibians often eat chemicals and mistake them for food
b)
the chemicals act as endocrine disruptors and can get into their porous skin
c)
amphibians reproduce very slowly and their young are easily affected
d)
amphibians live in the water and are more prone to the runoff than fish
51.
El Nino conditions
a)
prevent upwelling of colder waters along the west coast of S. America which prevents fish from coming closer to the surface as well
b)
sends warm weather patterns from the eastern United States to western Europe
c)
is directly causing most of the ice in the arctic regions to melt at extremely fast rates
d)
can easily be predicted
52.
Why is the open ocean considered one of the most productive areas for biodiveristy?
a)
phytoplankton and other smaller organisms are abundant and feed entire foodchains
b)
there is little to no competition between species
c)
open oceans are not susceptible to things like climate change or pollution at all
d)
none of these
53.
Surface oceanic circulation can result in 
a)
rapid rates of coral bleaching that can destroy large portions of habitat for many organisms
b)
decreased productivity of phytoplankton and an overall increase in aquatic ecosystems
c)
distribution of heat from region to region
d)
global warming that could melt much of the sea and land ice which would decrease sea levels dramatically
54.
Algal blooms and eutrophication are usually caused by
a)
increased N and P from agricultural runoff from fertilizers
b)
the average increase in temperature globally
c)
the thermohaline circulation 
d)
CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels
55.
The A horizon typically is _______ in carbon and nitrogen while the B horizon are generally _______ in carbon and nitrogen.
a)
poor, rich
b)
rich, poor
c)
poor, poor
d)
rich, rich
56.
What is tragedy of the commons?
a)
when chemicals travel up the food chain and pile up in the fatty tissue of larger mammals
b)
when people over harvest an area that is not privately owned and tend to take more than the environment can successfully replace on its own 
c)
when there is a global problem, but everyone sees it as "everyone else's problem"
d)
people tend to feel a greater responsibility to protect land or sea that belongs to everyone compared to if it belongs to an individual or company 
57.
Which correctly links a negative human health effect to an anthropogenic source?
a)
increased rates of respiratory disease from power plant emissions 
b)
higher rates of asthma from tradgedy of the commons and over harvesting fish
c)
higher rates of skin cancer in areas with sewage treatment plants
d)
higher rates of obesity in developing countries compared to developed countries
58.

The majority of the atmosphere is made of which gas?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon dioxide

d)

Water Vapor

59.
What do we call the land area that supplies water to a river system?
a)
runoff
b)
recharge
c)
watershed
d)
valley
60.
What is a soil problem all farmers face?
a)
soil hardening
b)
soil erosion
c)
soil spoiling
d)
soil pollution
61.
What type of growth model is this?
a)
exponential growth model
b)
logistic growth model
c)
Type I curve
d)
Type III curve
62.
relationship in which two species live closely together
a)
resource
b)
mutualism
c)
succession
d)
symbiosis
63.
the species that starts life in primary succession
a)
pioneer species 
b)
succession 
c)
nitrogen fixation
d)
cellular respiration 
64.
An environmental factor such as predation, disease, and competition that depends on the number of members in a population per unit
a)
dispersion
b)
density- independent factor
c)
density- dependent factor
d)
population growth rate
65.
population numbers get too large for the environment to support it and growth slows
a)
Exponential growth
b)
Logistic growth
c)
Natality
d)
Emigration
66.
Which statement best explains how natural selection occurs?
a)
when adaptations help an organism reproduce and survive.
b)
when organisms are geographically isolated.
c)
when an organism’s offspring grow vestigial structures.
d)
when characteristics from the parent organism are inherited.
67.
What does this picture represent?
a)
species diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity 
c)
genetic diversity
d)
biodiversity
68.
Which of the following describes the importance of biodiversity to an ecosystem?
a)
a. People like to be able to see all the different plants and animals
b)
b. If there aren�t all the different species, there will be resources that aren�t being used
c)
c. Biodiversity is not as important as many people think
d)
d. Biodiversity can help minimize the effects of losing a species.
69.
Biologists put extra effort into protecting these because they have many species living in them.
a)
Cities
b)
Biodiversity Hotspots
c)
Farms
d)
Conservation stations

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