The storage or shipment of flowers out of water.

The length of useful life of cut floral materials after being received by the customer.

Cutting flowers stems properly and providing proper treatment at any stage of the distribution process.

Supples, method and materials that designers use to place an hold flower and foliage in an arrangement

The process of converting nutrients, water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight into food for plants.

Sells floral goods and services to the consumer.

firmly wrapping or tying similar materials together to form a larger, individual unit.

A design technique in which branches of flowers are used around the perimeter of a floral arrangement to direct attention to the materials in the center of the arrangement.

The level of light received on a plant surface.