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Histo Exam 1

Total questions: 86

Worksheet time: 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the most important step in histology processing?

a)

Fixation

b)

Staining

c)

Embedding

d)

Clearing

2.

What characteristics of tissues can be seen in poorly fixed/autolyzed tissue?

a)

Putrefaction

b)

Washed out appearance

c)

Swelling of cytoplasm

d)

Crisp cellular detail

3.

What are the functions of fixatives?

a)

Help with refractive index

b)

Firm tissue for grossing

c)

Enhance staining

d)

Stabilize tissue elements

4.

What are the physical methods of fixation?

a)

Heat/Microwave

b)

Pressure

c)

Desiccation

d)

Freezing

5.

A section submitted should not be thicker than a (a)  

6.

A section submitted should be no larger than a (a)   stamp.

7.

The volume of a fixative should be at least _______ times greater than the tissue volume.

a)

5 to 10

b)

10 to 15

c)

15 to 20

d)

20 to 25

8.

What is the ischemic time?

a)

Interval between the tissue being placed in formalin and being infiltrated with paraffin

b)

Interval between the interruption of blood supply and being infiltrated with paraffin

c)

Interval between the interruption of blood supply and being placed in fixative

9.

What is the rate of penetration of formalin?

a)

0.5 cm per hour

b)

1 cm per hour

c)

3 mm per hour

d)

1 mm per hour

10.

What is the minimum amount of fixation time for Her2Neu testing?

a)

4 hours

b)

6 hours

c)

48 hours

d)

72 hours

11.

What is the maximum amount of fixation time for Her2Neu testing?

a)

4 hours

b)

6 hours

c)

48 hours

d)

72 hours

12.

To what temperature are specimens heated in microwave fixation?

a)

15oC

b)

25oC

c)

37oC

d)

45oC

13.

What type of fixative must be used to preserve urate crystals due to their water solubility?

a)

Aqueous

b)

Non aqueous

14.

What percentage of formaldehyde must be in solution with water to be considered 100% formalin?

a)

22 to 34%

b)

18 to 3%

c)

37 to 40%

d)

50 to 55%

15.

What acid develops in aged formalin causing crystals of formalin pigment to be deposited in tissues?

a)

Picric acid

b)

Formic acid

c)

Acetic acid

d)

Hydrochloric acid

16.

Will formic acid and formalin pigments develop in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF)?

a)

Yes

b)

No

17.

What is another name for formalin pigment?

a)

Acid formalin hematin

b)

Acid formaldehyde hematin

c)

Acid formaldehyde hematoxylin

d)

Acid formalin hematoxylin

18.

How do we remove formalin pigments?

a)

immersing the sections in saturated absolute alcohol with picric acid for 10 minutes to three hours

b)

immersing the sections in saturated absolute alcohol with acetic acid for 10 minutes to three hours

c)

immersing the sections in saturated absolute alcohol with picric acid for 3 hours to 7 hours

d)

immersing the sections in saturated absolute alcohol with acetic acid for 3 hours to 7 hours

19.

What component of Bouin's fixative is explosive in powder form?

a)

Picric acid

b)

40% formaldehyde

c)

Glacial acetic acid

20.

Bouin's is best used for which special stain?

a)

Alcian blue

b)

PAS Schiff

c)

Reticulin

d)

Trichrome

21.

Bouin's solution will preserve ________ but lyse red blood cells.

a)

Collagen

b)

Glycogen

c)

Lipids

d)

Amyloid

22.

Bouin's is sometimes used for......

a)

GI biopsies

b)

Testicular biopsies

c)

Breast cores

d)

Endocrine gland tissue

23.

Alcoholic formalin clears and extracts...

a)

Collagen

b)

Glycogen

c)

Lipids

d)

Amyloid

24.

What are cons of fixation in Carnoy's solution?

a)

Lyses red blood cells

b)

Dissolves lipids

c)

Excessive hardening

d)

Shrinkage

25.

What are the pros of Carnoy's solution?

a)

Fast acting

b)

Good nuclear preservation

c)

Cellular swelling

d)

Retains glycogen

26.

What is a common use for Carnoy's solution?

a)

Clearing agent

b)

Lymph node dissection

c)

Transport media

d)

Embedding

27.

Which fixative is used for hematopoietic, lymphoid, and other tissues if a lymphoproliferative disorder is suspected?

a)

B-Plus

b)

Bouin's

c)

Carnoy's

d)

Clark's

e)

Alcoholic formalin

28.

What component of B5 fixative is replaced by 0.5% Zinc chloride to create B-Plus fixative?

a)

Formaldehyde

b)

Acetic acid

c)

Glutaraldehyde

d)

Mercuric chloride

29.

Which transport media is used for kidney specimens needed for immunofluorescence with over 2 hours of travel time?

a)

Michel's

b)

RPMI

c)

Saline

30.

Which transport media is used for kidney specimens needed for immunofluorescence with less than 2 hours of travel time and immediate testing?

a)

Michel's

b)

RPMI

c)

Saline

31.

What type of biopsies is Michel's medium not recommended for?

(a)  

32.

Which fixatives are used for electron microscopy?

a)

Osmium tetroxide

b)

Bouin's

c)

Potassium dichromate

d)

Glutaraldehyde

33.

What is the maximum amount of time tissue can be fixed in osmium tetroxide or glutaraldehyde before hardening?

a)

1 hour

b)

2 hours

c)

3 hours

d)

4 hours

34.

What buffer is used with osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde?

a)

sodium acetate

b)

cacodylate

c)

bicarbonate

d)

where am I, who am I

35.

What are consequences of incomplete fixation?

a)

Sections blow up on waterbath

b)

Smudgy nuclei

c)

Section will not adhere to slide

d)

Nuclear bubbling

36.

What are consequences of delayed fixation?

a)

Loss of nuclear chromatin

b)

Nuclear bubbling

c)

Shrinkage leaving spaces around the cells

d)

Loss of epithelial cells

e)

Sections blowing up on waterbath

37.

Why do we use a series of increasing alcohol concentrations during tissue processing?

a)

Avoid excessive distortion

b)

Allow enough water to be trapped for infiltration

c)

where am I, who am I

d)

Harden the tissue

38.

What are the types of dehydrating reagents?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

39.

What is the most commonly used dehydrating reagent?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

40.

Which dehydrating reagent dissolves out eosin?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

41.

Which dehydrating reagent uses microwave processing?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

42.

Which dehydrating reagent is used to fix blood smears?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

43.

Which dehydrating reagent is poisonous with an unpleasant odor?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

44.

Which dehydrating reagent is fast acting but causes excessive shrinkage?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

45.

Which dehydrating reagent absorbs water when exposed to air?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

46.

A clearing agent is miscible with alcohol and paraffin wax.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

At what temperature is wax a liquid?

a)

25oC

b)

37oC

c)

45oC

d)

60oC

48.

At what temperature is wax a solid?

a)

20oC

b)

37oC

c)

45oC

d)

60oC

49.

Which dehydrating reagent is used as a clearing agent in microwave processing?

a)

Ethanol

b)

Isopropyl alcohol

c)

Methanol

d)

Acetone

e)

Glacial acetic acid

50.

What are consequences of excessive decalcification?

a)

destruction of mitochondria

b)

loss of nuclear staining

c)

macerated tissues

d)

hardening of tissue

51.

What are the types of decalcifiers?

a)

Formic acid

b)

Picric acid

c)

Hydrochloric acid

d)

Nitric acid

52.

Which decalcifying agent is slow acting but less likely to interfere with nuclear staining?

a)

Formic acid

b)

Picric acid

c)

Hydrochloric acid

d)

Nitric acid

53.

Which decalcifying agent will form bis-chloromethyl ether (carcinogen) if formalin is not washed away from the specimen?

a)

Formic acid

b)

Picric acid

c)

Hydrochloric acid

d)

Nitric acid

54.

Which decalcifying agents work rapidly?

a)

Formic acid

b)

Picric acid

c)

Hydrochloric acid

d)

Nitric acid

55.

What studies are chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA), used for?

a)

IHC

b)

FISH

c)

PCR

d)

EM

56.

If bone marrow specimens are left in decal too long, it can start to remove i (a)   .

57.

Bone marrow specimens should not be left in decal no longer than.....

a)

15 to 30 min

b)

30 to 45 min

c)

45 min to an hour

d)

1 to 2 hours

58.

For embedding media, the density of the hardened medium should approach that of the (a)   tissue component otherwise section deformation will result

59.

In embedding, the matrix must be ______ enough to recover from sectioning deformation, and ________ enough to facilitate thin sectioning

a)

plastic, malleable

b)

malleable, plastic

c)

plastic, elastic

d)

elastic, plastic

60.

What is the most important step in embedding?

a)

Orientation

b)

Cooling

c)

Heating

61.

What are the types of microtomes?

a)

Stationary microtome

b)

Rotary microtome

c)

Cryostat

d)

Ultramicrotome

62.

How thick should kidney sections be cut on a microtome?

a)

2 to 3 microns

b)

4 to 5 microns

c)

6 to 12 microns

d)

8 to 10 microns

e)

4 to 5 microns

63.

How thick should GI biopsy sections be cut on a microtome?

a)

2 to 3 microns

b)

4 to 5 microns

c)

6 to 12 microns

d)

8 to 10 microns

e)

4 to 5 microns

64.

How thick should tissue for amyloid demnstration sections be cut on a microtome?

a)

2 to 3 microns

b)

4 to 5 microns

c)

6 to 12 microns

d)

8 to 10 microns

e)

4 to 5 microns

65.

How thick should neuro specimen sections be cut on a microtome?

a)

2 to 3 microns

b)

4 to 5 microns

c)

6 to 12 microns

d)

8 to 10 microns

e)

4 to 5 microns

66.

How thick are routine specimens cut on a microtome?

a)

2 to 3 microns

b)

4 to 5 microns

c)

6 to 12 microns

d)

8 to 10 microns

e)

4 to 5 microns

67.

What logwood tree is hematoxylin extracted from?

a)

haematoxylin campechianum

b)

haematoxylin campylobacter

c)

haematoxylin carcinogen

d)

haematoxylin creatinine

68.

What is the active dye in hematoxylin? H (a)  

69.

What chemicals can oxidize hematoxylin?

a)

Sodium iodate

b)

Potassium dichromate

c)

Glacial acetic acid

d)

Potassium permanganate

70.

Chelate (complex formed from a mordant and a dye) is another word for......

a)

pond

b)

lake

c)

swimming hole

d)

puddle

71.

What types of hematoxylin use aluminum as its mordant?

a)

Harris

b)

Mayer's

c)

Erhlich's

d)

Delafield's

e)

Weigert's

72.

What types of hematoxylin use iron as its mordant?

a)

Harris

b)

Lillie's

c)

Heidenhain's

d)

Delafield's

e)

Weigert's

73.

When do you use iron hematoxylin in place of aluminum hematoxylin?

When aluminum hematoxylin would be d (a)   by subsequent steps

74.

For hematein to be effective, you must have:

a)

a mixture of hematoxylin and hematein to replenish as oxidation occurs

b)

Mordant

c)

addition of potassium permanganate

d)

Solvent

75.

Which hematoxylin is usually used for progressive staining of frozens?

a)

Harris

b)

Gill's

c)

Heidenhain's

d)

Delafield's

e)

Weigert's

76.

What is the step in regressive staining that removes excess hematoxylin?

a)

Clearing

b)

Dehydration

c)

Infiltration

d)

Differentiation

e)

Rehydration

77.

Which hematoxylin is usually used for regressive staining of routine slides?

a)

Harris

b)

Gill's

c)

Heidenhain's

d)

Delafield's

e)

Weigert's

78.

What reagent is used for differentiation in regressive staining?

a)

Acid alcohol

b)

Alcoholic formalin

c)

Glacial acetic acid

d)

Xylene

79.

In a well stained slide, what should be the only components stained by the hematoxylin?

a)

Collagen

b)

Nuclei

c)

Calcium deposits

d)

Some mucins

80.

What methods of staining include a bluing step with a weak alkaline solution?

a)

Progressive

b)

Regressive

c)

Both

81.

What is a consequence of a highly concentrated Eosin?

a)

optimal contrast

b)

formation of pigments

c)

blurring of nuclear and non nuclear components

d)

I am just so tired......

82.

Steps of routine H&E:

1-de paraffinization

2__________

3-nuclear staining

4-___________

5-Bluing

6-Counterstaining

7-_____________

8-Clearing

a)

2-hydration, 4-dehydration, 7-differentiation

b)

2-hydration, 4-differentiation, 7-dehydration

c)

2-dehydration, 4-differentiation, 7-hydration

d)

2-differentiation, 4-hydration, 7-dehydration

83.

What reagent is used for bluing?

a)

Acid alcohol

b)

Alcoholic formalin

c)

Ammonia water

d)

Xylene

84.

Eosin has a three tone effect. What components are stained light pink?

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Collagen

c)

Erythrocytes

d)

Keratin

85.

Eosin has a three tone effect. What components are stained pink?

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Collagen

c)

Erythrocytes

d)

Keratin

86.

Eosin has a three tone effect. What components are stained red/orange?

a)

Smooth muscle

b)

Collagen

c)

Erythrocytes

d)

Keratin

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