gold-salt trade; linked North and West Africa; across the Sahara Desert; spread Islam

connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

an establishment or office in which, or a firm by whom, banking is done, Emerged in Europe

a document stating that the holder was legally promised payment of a set amount on a set date

Groups of people traveling together for safety over long distances

an inn where desert travelers found food and shelter

an invention that gives riders more stability on the animal and its invention and basic idea traveled along the Trans-Saharan Caravan Trade Route with desert merchants

Enabled merchants to deposit goods or cash at one location and draw the equivalent in cash or merchandise elsewhere in China.

Grandson of Genghis Khan and ruler of the Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236.

Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created the largest single land empire in history.

Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.

disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population

A migration of people from their homeland

Destruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing animals consuming the plants in a particular area so they cannot recover

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

Great spice port on west coast of India

Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing.

China's capital during the Song dynasty, with a population of more than a million people.

Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca.

Capital of the Byzantine Empire; conquered by Muslim Turks in 1453, renamed Istanbul

Mongol empire that ruled over Iran (Persia) & the Middle East

Located on the Western edge of China where Northern and southern routes of the Silk Road met

Power trading society in West Africa, rich in gold and ivory

a quick-maturing, drought-resistant strain brought to China from Vietnam

a triangular technology that made it possible to tac against the wind; used in the Indian Ocean trade

A very large flat bottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel.

controls the sailing direction of a ship

An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.

Grandson of Genghis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad.

largest African trading kingdom during its time; Helped rebel against Mali

Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in coastal regions of East Africa.

official language of Pakistan, mixed grammatical patterns of Hindi with the vocabulary of Arabic and some elements of Farsi

Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and western Sudan.

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

A Mongol ruler

one of several separate territories into which Genghis Khan's empire was split, each under the rule of one of his sons

Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China

People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.

Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.

Wrote the Book of Margery Kempe - considered the 1st autobiography in the Eng. language. Chronicles her pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and Asia.

the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes

Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and halfway down the east coast of Africa before his death.

Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north

an economic system based on money rather than barter

The seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter.

legal currency issued on paper; it developed in China as a convenient alternative to metal coins

the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace

Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644; took over after the fall of the Yuan dynasty

Major city in Russia

Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning

wandering from place to place

City in modern-day Uzbekistan, stopping point on the Silk Road between China and Mediterranean

dominated trade along the East African coast

Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song

Era of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire

Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule

Modern-day Malaysia and Indonesia, known for its spices like nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamom

wearing away of surface soil by water and wind