WorksheetsPharmaceutics II- Solutions (Exam 2)
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 19mins
When are organic compounds soluble?
when they contain non polar groups
when they contain polar groups (ability to form H bonds)
What does adding a halogen to an organic compound do to its solubility?
decreases it
increases it
Two questions are coming from this table, so understand the concept: the less water required to dissolve 1g, the more soluble the compound is.
Got it!
???????????
Syrups are_______ and examples
concentrated, viscous, sweetened, aqueous solutions that contain less than 10% alcohol
syrup USP
wild cherry syrup USP
saturated solutions of volatile oils in water and are used to provide a pleasant flavor or aroma
peppermint water
Elixers are _____ and examples:
clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use
alcohol content ranges from 5-40%
phenobarbital
can contain preservatives such as glycerin
peppermint spirit
Spirits or essences are ______ and examples
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances (usually volatile oils) and the alcohol contents range from 62-85%
usually flavoring agents
orange spirit
all essences have a low alcohol content
Tinctures are _____ and examples
alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable or chemical substances generally extracted by maceration or percolation
solute concentration varies up to 50%
vanilla tincture
iodine tincture
these are always made using volatile substances
What percentage/proof is USP alcohol?
95% or 190 proof
80% or 160 proof
45% or 90 proof
What kind of alcohol is used when an essentially water free alcohol is desired?
ethanol
dehydrated alcohol (99.5%)
methanol
propyl alcohol
Rubbing alcohol must contain not less than 355mg of sucrose or 1.4mg denatonium benzoate because why?
to prevent abuse
to discourage accidental ingestion
to make it smell sweet to distinguish in a lab if mislabeled
to allow for diabetics to use it
While water is the most preferred solvent, which of the following are auxiliary solvents?
ethanol
glycerin
propylene glycol
polyethylene glycol
cocoa butter
________ are thick, viscous macromolecular solutions produced by dispersing vegetable gums in water
mucilages
aqueous acids
________ are dilute aqueous solutions of acids (usually <10%)
mucilages
aqueous acids
Examples of mucilages: (Not putting mucilage at the end, but know they should be there)
acacia
tragacanth
diluted HCl
Example of aqueous acid:
diluted HCl
acacia
tragacanth
Review and understand how to calculate w/v and w/w using specific gravity (slide 47)
yes
no
Syrups may be made from sugar or non sugars. Select the sugars below:
glucose
fructose
sorbitol
glycerin
propylene glycol
Syrups may be made from sugar or non sugars. Select the non sugars below:
sorbitol
glycerin
propylene glycol
mannitol
fructose
In addition to sugars and non sugars, syrups can be made with non-nutritive artificial sweeteners such as
aspartame
saccarin
glucose
fructose
In elixirs, why is glycerin added?
enhances solvent properties
acts as a preservative
enhances flavor profile
acts as a bonding agent to disallow separation of ingredients
If a product has a pH of 5, what % of alcohol will preserve it?
15%
18%
20%
95%
If a product is neutral or slightly alkaline, what % of alcohol is used to preserve it?
15%
18%
20%
95%
What can be taken the night before a colonoscopy to prep?
magnesium citrate
bisacodyl
senna
iron tablets
Magnesium citrate is a laxative that attracts and retains ______ in the intestine.
water
electrolytes
How does carbamide peroxide act as a debriding agent?
oxygen bubbles
peroxide bubbles
What is benzocaine used for?
anti-arrhythmic
pain (topical anesthetic)
pain (injectable anesthetic)
What are the advantages of nasal preparations?
lower doses
rapid local therapeutic effect
rapid systemic therapeutic blood levels
rapid onset of pharmacological activity
relatively few side effects
Which solvents/vehicles are the main ones used to otic preparations?
glycerin
PEG (especially PEG 300)
water
alcohol
What is the estimated dose that penetrates into the eye with ophthalmic solutions?
1/10
1/5
1/12
3/10
To formulate an ophthalmic solution the pH must be physiologic. What is physiologic pH for blood and tears?
7
7.2
7.4
6
Aside from having a physiological pH, what else must be done to make an ophthalmic solution?
must be isotonic
if it is single use no preservative needed
if multi use a preservative must be added
must be sterile
