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WorksheetsImmunology Week 2 (Lecture 5/6)
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 11mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
The light and heavy chains of antibodies are held together by...
a)
H-bonds
b)
Covalent bonds
c)
Ion-Ion interactions
d)
Disulfide bonds
e)
VdW forces
2.
Where do antigens bind on the antibody?
a)
Fab region
b)
Fc region
c)
J chain
3.
IgA antibodies..
a)
are dimeric (secreted form)
b)
Present on naive mature B cells
c)
are secreted in GI and respiratory tracts
d)
good for neutralizing microbes and toxins
e)
cause hypersensitivity reactions
4.
IgG Antibodies..
a)
are monomeric (secreted form)
b)
are important for neonatal immunity
c)
important for opsonization of pathogens
d)
good for neutralizing helminths
e)
good for neutralization of microbes and toxins
5.
IgM Antibodies
a)
are monomeric (secreted form)
b)
are pentameric (secreted form)
c)
are involved in the activation of complement (classical pathway)
d)
are present on mature naive B cells
e)
are secreted in the GI and respiratory tracts
6.
IgD Antibodies
a)
are monomeric (secreted form)
b)
are present on mature naive B cells
c)
are dimeric (secreted form)
d)
are involved in the activation of complement (classical pathway)
e)
have a flattened "Y" conformation
7.
IgE Antibodies
a)
are monomeric (secreted form)
b)
Participate in feedback inhibition of B cells
c)
Defense against helminths
d)
Involved in mast cell degranulation
e)
Are present on mature naive B cells
8.
What is avidity?
a)
strength of binding between a single binding site and a single ligand
b)
strength of binding between a molecule and a complex ligand
c)
strength of binding between the Fc region of an antibody and an Fc receptor on a macrophage
d)
strength of the interaction between TLRs and PAMPs
9.
A conformational determinant..
a)
can be a result of protein folding
b)
is an epitope made up of sequences coming together to form a 3D structure
c)
can be recognized whether or not it has been denatured
d)
can be lost through denaturation
10.
A linear determinant...
a)
may only be exposed when antigen has been denatured (inaccessible determinant)
b)
may be bound by an antibody whether or not it is denatured
c)
is an epitope made up of sequences coming together to form a 3D structure
d)
can be lost through denaturation
11.
Complementarity-determining regions are...
a)
also called hypervariable loops
b)
area of Fab region where most AA mutations take place
c)
complementary to an antigen
d)
present on both the heavy an light chains of the Fab region
12.
How many CDRs are on one antibody?
a)
16: 4 on each of the the heavy and light chains of both arms
b)
12: 3 on each of the heavy and light chains of both arms
c)
8: 2 on each of the heavy and light chains of both arms
d)
20: 5 on each of the heavy and light chains of both arms
13.
The primary antibody response
a)
Has a relatively small peak response
b)
Has a lower, more variable affinity
c)
Exhibits isotype switching
d)
Takes about 5-10 days after immunization
e)
IgM more prevalent than IgG
14.
The secondary antibody response
a)
Has a higher average affinity toward epitopes (affinity maturation)
b)
Occurs 1-3 days after initial infection/immunization
c)
Has a relatively large peak response
d)
Has a relative increase in IgG and possibly IgA and IgE
e)
Is rapid and robust
15.
Where are Fc receptors found?
a)
Neutrophils
b)
Macrophages
c)
NK cells
d)
Dendritic cells
e)
CD4+ cells
16.
What do Fc receptors aid in?
a)
Antigen recognition and binding
b)
Effector functions such as cross-linking and phagoscytosis of opsonized virions and infected cells
c)
Activation of complement
d)
Beta-chain rearrangement
17.
What is antibody-dependent enhancement?
a)
macrophages using antibodies to increase phagocytosis
b)
Dendritic cell recognition of binary complexes
c)
The hypermutability of CDRs after primary exposure to antigen
d)
Viruses exploiting non-neutralizing antibody/Fc receptor phagocytosis by macrophages as a means to enter the cell and replicate
18.
In terms of Covid-19, how do Fc effector functions play a role?
a)
Decreases severity of disease based on enhanced antigen binding and neutralization
b)
Increases severity of disease by enhancing viral entry into respiratory cells
c)
Decreases severity of disease by activating complement
d)
Increases severity of disease by inducing pro-inflammatory state through immune cell recruitment, enhancing cytokine secretion, and complement activation
19.
What is antigenic variation?
a)
Mechanism with which a microbe can evade humoral immunity
b)
Variation among the CDR regions of antibodies
c)
Ability of a single antibody to bind to more than one type of epitope
d)
Isotype switching mechanism in antibodies
20.
CD8 co-receptors are composed of...
a)
One chain
b)
2 chains: One gamma and one delta
c)
2 chains: one alpha and one beta
d)
6 chains: Alpha 1,2,3 and Beta 1,2,3
21.
CD4 co-receptors are composed of...
a)
One chain
b)
2 chains: One gamma and one delta
c)
2 chains: one alpha and one beta
d)
6 chains: Alpha 1,2,3 and Beta 1,2,3
22.
CD8+ T cells kill...
a)
extracellular microbes
b)
free-floating fungi
c)
virus-infected cells
d)
They do not "kill" anything, just secrete cytokines to signal other immune cells
23.
Upon activation, naive TH cells can differentiate into
a)
Th1 cells
b)
Th2 cells
c)
Th17 cells
d)
TFH cells
e)
T-reg cells
24.
Th1 cells..
a)
Secrete IFN-gamma
b)
help fight intracellular bacteria
c)
Secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-gamma
d)
Regulate neutrophils
e)
Are involved in activating macrophages
25.
Th2 cells...
a)
Secrete IFN-gamma ONLY
b)
Regulate innate cells such as eosinophils and mast cells
c)
Regulate plasma cells (AB secreting B cells)
d)
help fight intracellular bacteria
e)
Secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
26.
Th17 cells...
a)
Regulate neutrophils
b)
Activate B cells to start secreting antibodies
c)
Secrete IL-17 cytokines
d)
Are partner cells with macrophages
e)
Can kill virus-infected cells
27.
Tfh cells...
a)
Secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
b)
Activate B cells to start secreting antibodies
c)
Down-regulate activity of other cells of the immune system
d)
Play a role in isotype switching and affinity maturation of antibodies in plasma cells
e)
Regulate neutrophils
28.
Treg cells...
a)
Down-regulate activity of immature dendritic cells
b)
Secrete IFN-gamma
c)
Regulate innate immune cells such as eosinophils and mast cells
d)
help combat extracellular parasites such as helminths
e)
Down-regulate activity of other CD4+ cells
29.
Characteristics of Ig antigen binding...
a)
can bind proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and small chemicals such as toxins
b)
Linear or conformational determinants
c)
Very high affinity toward antigen
d)
Bivalent
e)
Total of 12 CDRs in one Ig
30.
Characteristics of TCR binding to antigen
a)
Monovalent
b)
Peptide-MHC complex (ternary)
c)
Relatively lower affinity
d)
Linear determinants
e)
Total of 6 CDRs in one TCR
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