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Graves Bethlehem Regents Practice Topic 3

Total questions: 41

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Several goldfish were kept in a small aquarium for several years. The fish grew to be approximately 6 centimeters long in the first year, and after that, growth in length stopped. These fish were later transferred to a large pond. In the pond, the goldfish grew much larger, reaching lengths of around 25 centimeters. Which statement provides the best explanation for the increased growth of the fish in the pond?
a)
Chemicals present in the pond increased the amount of DNA in the fish, causing the growth increase
b)
The expression of genetic information in the fish was influenced by their surroundings
c)
The fish expressed and passed on only those characteristics that enabled them to survive in the new environment
d)
The size of the fish depended only on their food supply and not on their DNA
2.

The accompanying diagram represents a scientific technique in use today. Scientists have used this technique to...

a)

produce hormones for human use at a lower cost than other methods

b)

produce pathogens that are able to live in humans

c)

clone human cells with desired characteristics

d)

eliminate the need for laboratory production of medicines for humans

3.
Which event would most likely cause a change in a genetic sequence in an organism?
a)
eating certain foods high in saturated fats
b)
strenuous physical activity
c)
exposure to radiation
d)
a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures
4.

The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a gene. The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequence.

This alteration is most likely the result of...

a)

a substitution at base 2

b)

a deletion of base 2

c)

an insertion of base 3

d)

a deletion of base 4

5.

The parents of a new baby believe they brought the wrong child home from the hospital. Gel electrophoresis was performed using DNA samples from the parents and the child. A section of the gel electrophoresis results is shown below.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

a)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father

b)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.

c)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.

d)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother.

6.
A man is exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet radiation while sunbathing at the beach. This exposure causes a genetic change in the DNA of a skin cell. In the future, this change can be passed on to...
a)
his male and female children
b)
his male children, only
c)
all cells in his body
d)
his skin cells, only
7.

Which phrase best describes a gene?

a)

a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the body cells of an organism

b)

a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the gametes of an organism

c)

a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism

d)

a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing all the characteristics of an organism

8.

The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed in the picture.

Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication?

a)

Guanine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine.

b)

Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine.

c)

Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs with adenine.

d)

Cytosine pairs with cytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine.

9.
Evolution of a species could occur as a result of changes in the...
a)
DNA in muscle cells
b)
base sequences in liver cells
c)
genes in an egg cell
d)
number of chromosomes in a fetal bone cell
10.
Genetic engineering has the potential to correct human genetic disorders. In gene therapy, a defective gene is replaced by using a virus to insert a normal gene into the cells of an individual. This treatment will be most successful if the virus is inserted into cells that...
a)
lack a nucleus
b)
are recycled after death, rather than removed from the body
c)
carry out one specific function, rather than multiple functions
d)
continue to divide during the life of the patient
11.
In the early 1900s, experiments were conducted on two caterpillar species. The members of the two species were each divided into two groups. One group of each species was placed under red light, while the other group of each species was kept in the dark. When the caterpillars developed into butterflies, their wings showed extreme color differences. Exposure to red light resulted in intensely colored wings, while those kept in the dark had paler wing colors. The color differences were most likely due to...
a)
mutations in the color-producing genes
b)
the caterpillars in the red light producing more DNA
c)
gene expression being affected by the environment
d)
the caterpillars in the dark evolving less than those in the light
12.

The diagram below shows some of the DNA in a bacterium into which a human gene, X, has been successfully inserted.

The bacteria that result from reproduction of this cell will most likely have the ability to...

a)

replicate all of the genetic instructions found in humans

b)

produce vaccines to be used to immunize humans

c)

produce a human blood cell according to instructions in gene X

d)

produce the human protein coded for by gene X

13.

Which statement best explains the development of variety C?

a)

Nuclei from body cells taken from variety A were inserted into egg cells lacking nuclei taken from variety B.

b)

Selective breeding was used to combine desirable traits from both varieties A and B

c)

The need to adapt to changes in the environment led to the selection of advantageous characteristics in the offspring of variety B.

d)

Mutations that occurred in the body cells of variety A were passed on to the offspring generation after generation.

14.
How do scientists cut DNA into smaller strands?
a)
restriction enzymes
b)
scissors
c)
ligase
d)
agarose
15.
Fill in the complementary bases according to the base-pair rule in DNA:     A T C C A G
a)
T U G G T C
b)
T A G G T C
c)
T A C G T G
d)
T A C C A C
16.

Contains the bases Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

17.

Contains the bases Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Both

18.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
19.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
20.
A mutation occurring in a human can be passed from parent to offspring when it occurs in a 
a)
lung cell, due to exposure to a toxic gas
b)
gamete formed in the ovary
c)
body cell undergoing mitosis
d)
heart cell with chromosome damage
21.

A sequence of events is represented in the diagram below. Which statement best describes a result of this process?

a)

The spider from which the DNA sample was obtained can no longer produce spider silk.

b)

The goat milk now contains DNA molecules made of spider silk proteins.

c)

Both the spider and the goat can now produce both spider silk and goat milk.

d)

Spider silk proteins can now be produced in large quantities without killing spiders to obtain them.

22.

Although all of the cells of a plant contain the same genetic material, root cells and leaf cells are not identical because they

a)

use different genetic bases for the synthesis of DNA

b)

use different parts of their genetic instructions

c)

select different cells to express

d)

delete different sections of their enzymes

23.

The photographs below are of two Siamese cats. The Siamese breed has a gene that controls fur color. The cat in the first photograph was kept indoors while the cat in the second photograph was kept outdoors. Which statement best explains the differences in fur color between these two cats?

a)

The cat kept indoors is older than the cat kept outdoors.

b)

The environment influenced the expression of fur color genes

c)

The environment influenced the production of all the proteins in the cat kept outdoors

d)

The cat kept outdoors has a gene mutation that prevents it from producing light-colored fur.

24.

Scientists have been investigating a way to recreate extinct species such as the saber-toothed cat illustrated below.

Which technique would use DNA from an extinct species to recreate an organism of the species?

a)

natural selection

b)

cloning

c)

differentiation

d)

selective breeding

25.

The process shown below is used to

a)

determine if a person has a genetic disease

b)

produce human growth hormone

c)

identify the father of a newborn

d)

produce a hormone to regulate blood sugar

26.

The diagram below indicates a few of the many varieties of domestic dogs thought to have originated from wolves that were domesticated thousands of years ago.

The many varieties of domesticated dogs were most likely produced as a result of

a)

mutating the body cells of the dogs

b)

selective breeding over many generations

c)

genetic engineering with specifi c enzymes

d)

cloning dogs with desirable traits

27.

The diagram below represents some steps in a procedure used in the field of biotechnology

This bacterial cell can now be used to produce

a)

the bacterial gene for insulin that can be inserted into humans

b)

human genes for enzymes that can be inserted into humans

c)

insulin that can be used by humans

d)

enzymes necessary to treat human diseases

28.

The table below represents a segment of a DNA molecule found in a stomach cell, both before and after undergoing replication.

Which statement best describes a change that would most likely be observed in the cells formed as a result of this mitotic division

a)

An enzyme the cell produces might no longer function.

b)

The cells would begin to form gametes to be released.

c)

Many new hormones would be synthesized by the cells

d)

Chloroplasts would be produced by the ribosomes.

29.

A Chihuahua is born having a trait that is different from either of its parents. A possible explanation for the difference is that the Chihuahua puppy

a)

was produced as a result of the recombination of genes during sexual reproduction

b)

was produced as a result of the process of asexual reproduction

c)

inherited a gene from one of its grandparents and not its parents

d)

had a mutation that occurred after it was born

30.

Which statement is an accurate description of genes?

a)

Proteins are made of genes and code for DNA.

b)

Genes are made of proteins that code for nitrogen bases.

c)

DNA is made of carbohydrates that code for genes.

d)

Genes are made of DNA and code for proteins.

31.

Farmers may someday clone their best milk-producing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?

a)

It may be difficult to tell the animals apart.

b)

Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd.

c)

The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.

d)

The cows could be mated only with each other.

32.

Researchers have produced rice plants that can withstand being completely submerged for up to two weeks. This is good news for farmers in the flood regions of Southeast Asia. The farmers in this region rely heavily on this crop. The diagram below illustrates the process used to genetically modify plants, such as rice.

The molecules used to cut, copy, and connect the DNA segments used in this process are

a)

sugars

b)

enzymes

c)

indicators

d)

antigens

33.

The instructions for the genetic traits of an organism are directly determined by the

a)

numbers of A, T, C, and G units in a sugar molecule

b)

sequence of bases in DNA molecules

c)

length of a DNA molecule

d)

way the bases are paired in the two strands of a DNA molecule

34.

If a strand of DNA reads CCTATC, what would be the complementary strand?

a)

CCTATC

b)

GGATAG

c)

GGAUAG

d)

CCUAUC

35.
True or False.  Pictured above is a karyotype, a tool doctors use to check a person's DNA to diagnose genetic disorders.
a)
True
b)
False
36.

A student added an enzyme to a test tube containing a sample of DNA. After a period of time, analysis of the DNA sample indicated it was now broken into three segments.

The purpose of the enzyme was most likely to

a)

cut the DNA at a specific location

b)

move the DNA to a different organism

c)

copy the DNA for protein synthesis

d)

alter the DNA sequence in the segment

37.
The technique used to separate the DNA for analysis is 
a)
genetic engineering
b)
chromatography
c)
electrophoresis
d)
protein synthesis
38.

The amino acids bond together to form which type of complex molecule?

a)

protein

b)

starch

c)

fat

d)

sugar

39.

Which technique could be used to determine the relative number of bases in fragments taken from a

sample of DNA?

a)

light microscopy

b)

paper chromatography

c)

cloning

d)

electrophoresis

40.

Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are

a)

smaller, and move faster

b)

larger, and move faster

c)

smaller, and move slower

d)

larger, and move slower

41.

Which conclusion is valid based on the gel electrophoresis results?

a)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information does not match that of either parent.

b)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information is identical to that of the father.

c)

They have the wrong child, because her genetic information matches only that of the mother.

d)

They have the correct child, because her genetic information came from both parents.