WorksheetsBreakout 1 Released Questions
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 4hrs 30mins
The cell cycle skips G0 phase and repeats G1 phase
Mitotic division is skipped, and the cell cycle proceeds to cytokinesis
Mitotic division stops in metaphase and cannot proceed to anaphase
The cell cycle skips S phase and proceeds to G2 phase.
Which table shows two steps of DNA Replication?
The activities in the cell cycle occur during specific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
Mitosis
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
S phase
Arrow 1 represents prophase, and arrow 2 represents interphase
Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and arrow 2 represents meiosis
Arrow 1 represents interphase, and arrow 2 represents mitosis
Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and arrow 2 represents prophase
Duplicates the DNA
Completes cell division
Maintains genetic homeostasis
Synthesizes new molecules
People who have leukemia, a cancer that affects white blood cells, are often given Cytarabine. This drug inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Which phase of the cell cycle is most affected by Cytarabine?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
Cell 4
Cells pass through a G2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?
So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place
So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis
So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells
So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing.
I
II
III
IV
Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries. This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells. The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissue is-
conjugation
meiosis
budding
mitosis
The nuclear membrane disintegrates
DNA replicates
Centrioles form
The nucleolus divides
Telophase is a stage of a cellular process that begins after the chromosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell. during which cellular process does telophase occur?
Translation
Interphase
Transcription
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Which of these must occur during S phase of the cell cycle so that two daughter cells can be produced during M phase?
The DNA must be replicated
The chromosomes must be joined
The cytoplasm must be separated
The cell membrane must be expanded
Because internal or external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells
Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development
Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins
Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes
What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?
making energy available for cellular activities
creating bonds to form biomolecules
producing sugars that assist with replication
providing information to form proteins
From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. the embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?
each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type
Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type
Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells
Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals
As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they
contain a lipid bilayer
can clump together
metabolize sugars rapidly
have specific genes activated
Cell differentiation is critical during embryonic development. The process of cell differentiation results in the production of many types of cells, including germ, somatic, and stem cells. Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by-
ATP
DNA
lipids
sugars
When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as-
a tumor
an embryo
a gland
an organ
Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumors?
ATP production is inhibited
cell division is unregulated
somatic cell growth is inhibited
antibody activity is unregulated
Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell signaling pathways. turning off these genes can cause less mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of
tumors
allergies
hemophilia
cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis is a disease that obstructs blood flow and, therefore, oxygen supply to target organs. A major component of atherosclerosis is the excessive reproduction of smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels. Certain drugs may have the potential to reverse or prevent the unregulated reproduction of the diseased blood vessel cells. Which of these processes is the most likely target of these drugs?
cell division
erythroblast differentiation
DNA transcription
cellular respiration
fail to complete S phase
mutate during G1 phase
repeat the cell cycle continuously
die after completing mitosis
1,3,5, and 6 only
3 and 5 only
2 and 4 only
3,4,7, and 8 only
A segment of a DNA strand is shown.
3' AGGTCAGGT 5'
Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?
5' AGGTCAGGT 3'
5' ACCUGAGGU 3'
5' TGGACTGGA 3'
5' TCCAGTCCA 3'
sample 1
sample 2
sample 3
sample 4
Which part of a DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?
The number of hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of DNA together.
the number of carbons in the DNA molecule.
the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule
The sequences of phosphates along each DNA strand
Differences in traits such as hair texture are determined by differences in-
the location of sugar groups in DNA
the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA
the molecules attached to the phosphate in DNA
The model is inaccurate because the base pairs are incorrect
the model is accurate because it contains correctly paired bases
the model is accurate because it shows each base splitting to form a double helix
the model is inaccurate because some typical bases in DNA are missing
Nitrogenous bases are located in both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?
the number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced
the order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized
the amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length o the genes.
the type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain
Each strand of DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases that pair with other nitrogenous bases in very specific ways. A diagram of a section of DNA is shown. Which DNA strand is complementary to the one shown above?
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
as a sequence of nucleotides
in the double helix shape of the condensed chromosome
in the ratio of adenines to thymines
as a pattern of phosphates and sugars
Which of these models of a DNA strand shows bases that are complementary to the ones on the student's DNA model?
The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA varies widely. The sequence of the bases in DNA is most important for which of the following?
Providing the instructions for the traits of an organism
preventing mutations from occurring during DNA replication
allowing the DNA to have the shape necessary for replication
helping form the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA molecules
By studying this photograph, scientists gain knowledge about the-
role of DNA in protein synthesis
mutation of nucleotide sequences in DNA
sequence of DNA that makes up the human genome
double helix structure of DNA
The arrow indicates-
the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose molecules
the junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNA
the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides
the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet
Characteristics such as a widow's peak or attached earlobes are determined by the genetic code. Which components of DNA are referred to as the genetic code?
phosphate groups
nitrogenous bases
deoxybribose sugars
hydrogen bonds
How does DNA in cells determine an organism's complex traits?
DNA contains codes for proteins, which are necessary for the growth and functioning of an organism.
DNA separates into long single strands that make up each part of an organism
DNA produces the energy an organism needs in order to grow
DNA folds into the nucleus of each of the cells of an organsim
Which of these components are found in the cells of all living organisms?
estrogen and testosterone
hemoglobin and lymphocytes
cytosine and guanine
cellulose and chlorophyll
scientists use zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic disease. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?
zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to tha tof humans
zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans
zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans
zebra fish produce gametes through a process tha tis similar to tha tof humans.
In the early 1980s scientists were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormones. which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?
human cells are eukaryotic, and E. coli cells are prokaryotic
all living organisms share the same genome
the genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks
the human body contains many types of bacteria, including E. coli
Organisms can be classified based on homology, which is shared characteristics inherited from a common ancestor. In the past, homologies were based on studies of anatomical structures and patterns of embryonic development. In more recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques has allowed homologies to be compared at the level of nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide sequence comparisons are possible because all organisms share which of the following?
DNA bases
cellular organelles
division of the nuclear chromosomes
types of proteins needed for cellular functions
Which characteristic is shared by all four ells?
a mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy
self locomotion
membrane bound organelles that transport substances
genetic material composed of DNA
the fact that a strain of yeast with a certain defective gene can cause the human version of the gene to repair itself is evidence that yeast and humans-
depend on the same food supply
share a genetic code
both have eukaryotic cells
have identical genomes
students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?
the mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine
the mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is pared with adenine
the mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine
the mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.
to replcate the DNA of an organism before cell division
to assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template
to synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code
to translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids
process: transcription; product: mRNA
process: translation; product: protein
process: replication; product: tRNA
process: recombination; product: polymerase
preserving genetic information for future generations
deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template
transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell
producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.
val, lys, phe, gly,ser
met, asp, phe, ala, arg
met, val, lys, arg, gln, ser
Iie, gin, lys, asp, gly , leu, ser
Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?
the genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures
the white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased
the coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit
white hair only grows during certain times of the year.
the alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older
gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude
the arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth
gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature
at birth himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of the bodies reach temperatures below 35C, a pigment that causes these parts to turn black is produced. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this phenomenon?
poor blood circulation
infection caused by cold temperatures
gene expression that is regulated by temperature
a trait that is both sex linked and hormone dependent
deletion
insertion
substitution
translocation
insertion
deletion
duplication
substitution
which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide
the nuclear membrane is ruptured
amino acids do not bond to tRNA
a codon sequence is incorrect
transportation of mRNA does not occur
substitution
insertion
deletion
frameshift
a mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?
the siblings of the organism
the offspring of the organism
the other organisms living nearby
the mating partner of the organism
1/16
3/16
4/16
9/16
In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and Be alleles are codominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotype and an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes
O only
A or B
A, B, or O only
A, AB, or O
25%
50%
75%
100%
In Holstein cattle the allele for black hair color (B) is dominant over the allele for red hair color (b), and the allele for polled (P), or lacking horns, is dominant over the allele for having horns (p). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring of a BbPp X BbPp cross if these alleles sort independently?
16 black/polled: 0black/horned : 0 red/polled: 0 red/horned
12 black/polled : 0 black/horned: 0 red/polled : 4 red/horned
4 black/polled : 4 black/horned : 4 red/polled : 4 red/horned
9 black/polled : 3 black/horned : 3 red/polled : 1 red/horned
facial dimples and free earlobes are both considered dominant human traits. What are the expected phenotypes of the offspring of a female with dimples and free earlobes (DDFf) and a male with no dimples and attached earlobes (ddff)?
50% with dimples and free earlobes and 50% with dimples and attached earlobes
50% with dimples and free earlobes and 50% with no dimples and attached earlobes
75% with dimples and free earlobes and 25% with no dimples and attached earlobes
75% with dimples and attached earlobes and 25% with no dimples and free earlobes
if several pea plants with the genotype TTYy are crossed with pea plants with the genotype Ttyy, what percentage of the offspring will be expected to have TTYy allele combination?
25%
40%
50%
75%
Gametes produced by an organism contain a combination of genes from that organism. In every gamete, this combination is -
the same because it is created from the same DNA
the same because chromosomes are copied prior to meiosis
different due to DNA replication prior to mitosis
different due to independent assortment during meiosis
Which diagram demonstrates how crossing over contributes to genetic variety during meiosis?
during meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material-
increase the genetic variation
reduces the diploid number to the haploid number
increase the haploid number to the diploid number
reduces the probability of mutations
sexual reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. which of these processes produces gametes in animals?
mitosis
meiosis
fertilization
binary fission
crossing over between nonsister chromatids during meiosis is significant in heredity. This process most likely leads to an increase in which of the following?
the expression of dominant traits
number of gametes
the occurrence of polyploidy
genetic variation
