Fishing, lumbering, plantations

Lumber, fishing, shipbuilding, small farms

Large farms, fishing, furs

Grain farms, lumbering, tobacco farms

Made the colonists content with British rule

Colonists turned to Ireland for political assistance

Many people moved to California to escape the chaos

Allowed colonists to become further steeped in self-government

The British did not enforce their laws strictly on the colonists

Many moms in England let their children raise themselves

Army men disobeyed their superiors

Rich merchants decided to ignore trade laws and taxes

The reasons why they were established

The country the settlers came from

One settlement located on the coast and another settlement located in the mountains

One settlement encountered Native Americans, while the other settlement did not encounter Native Americas

Believed the country of Britain was going to be overtaken by the country of Spain

Wanted to create a new political system in which there was no king

Yearned to share their religious beliefs with the Native Americans

Wanted to escape religious persecution

Stated that the Pilgrims were no longer a part of the British Empire

Granted equal rights to Native Americans that lived alongside the Pilgrims

Was a social contract that established a form of self-government

Was a treaty that established peace between the Native Americans and colonists for the next 20 years

“The King has suppressed our right to practice Catholicism, we must act!”

“I hold that entirety of a town’s population should make the laws that govern themselves”

“No longer can a man depend on others to make laws, each man must speak his voice.”

“A man must take care of his field, and therefore elect a representative to make the laws on his behalf.”

Maryland – Political reasons

Pennsylvania – Economic reasons

Virginia – Economic reasons

Georgia – Religious reasons

The underground system slaves used to escape from their masters

The system through which slaves were shipped to America

The middle part of the Bible that says slavery is probably okay

The second layer of soil that is best for growing cotton

So freed slaves could start new lives

For economic opportunity

So Catholics could escape persecution

For Vietnamese settlers to replicate Vietnam culture

Virginia, fish markets

Georgia, debtors and convicts to start new lives

Rhode Island, living theatrically in normal life

Maryland, industrial development

It appointed Benjamin Franklin as the first inventor in America

It promised certain rights to citizens

It forbid the king from being all powerful

It created a group of people to make laws in the New World

created a means for establishing the executive branch

provided every citizen in America the right to vote

Enabled each of the 13 states to make separate treaties with foreign nations

was the first form of government for America

Establish a structure for adding states to the U.S.

Prevent Native Americans from legitimately owning land

Abolish old British and French forts still remaining in the area

Create a means for transporting setters to western settlements

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

The government created a judicial branch to enforce laws

Farmers were provided more time to pay their taxes

The U.S. felt the states should wield more power to control its citizens

Americans desired a stronger more stable federal government

All states should be allowed two votes in congress regardless of a state’s population

The southern states should be allowed to count their slaves towards their total population count

Allowing states with larger territories to have more votes in congress since they were governing larger populated areas

The capital of the United States be established along the northern border of Virginia

Provided a way for states in the north and south to have the same amount of representatives

Created a bicameral legislature that appeased the small and large states

Allowed slaves to be counted in the population of a state

Gave the Legislative Branch power over the Executive Branch

All slaves would be counted towards the population of a state

3 out of 5 federal legislators would serve life terms

Plantation owners would now have less power in government than northern merchants

They did not believe slaves should be counted when determining the number of representatives from each state

Articles of Confederation

Two Treatises on Civil Government

English Bill of Rights

Magna Carta

The powers of the government should be divided

A Bill of Rights should be a part of all governments

A strong military should be created to protect the rights of people

The federal government should share power with state governments

John Locke

Montesquieu

William Blackstone

Carle Marx

Desired a stronger state government than federal government

Believed a strong federal government was essential to a successful nation

Fought against the British

Wanted a Bill of Rights added to the U.S. Constitution

Prevent the federal government from declaring war with the consent of every state

Abolish the need for political parties

Keep the government from taking away the basic freedoms of the people

Enable each state to pass its own laws without the oversight of the federal government

Declaring independence from Britain

Maintaining a standing army during peace times

Counting slaves towards the population of a state for representation and taxation purposes

The strength and power of the federal government

Returning land taken from farmers before Shay’s rebellion

Giving more power to the state governments than the federal government

Providing medical care to former veterans of the American Revolution

Adding the Bill of Rights to the Constitution

Democracy

Limited Government

Republicanism

Popular Sovereignty

Ensure that in America, people would hold the supreme power

Keep one branch of government from becoming too powerful

Discontinue the use of a democratic system of government

Give every American citizen the right to vote for the president

Giving one branch of government power over another branch of government

Sharing power between the state and federal government

The House of Representatives voting for Senators

A system of government where citizens vote for people to rule on their behalf

Would give the Federal government the power it needed to establish a peaceful country

Keep the president from abusing his powers

Shared government power between the Federal government and State governments

Allowed the states to propose bills to the U.S. House of Representatives to become laws

Because each branch would be more successful in its function if it had less responsibilities

Multiple branches of government would provide more jobs for citizens to have

To enable leaders to choose in which area they were most skilled at

To prevent the government from becoming too powerful

To prevent any one branch from abusing the power it was given

So that the leaders of each branch would not become too prideful

To have a way of paying our debts to other countries

To ensure that the rights of all citizens are protected

The Vice President getting permission from the President to attend a conference in France

Congress vetoing a ruling by the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court electing the next President of the United States

The President vetoing a law passed by Congress

To prevent our country from being invaded by a foreign nation

Ensure that the economy of the U.S. does not falter

To protect the rights and freedoms of citizens

Provide assistance to citizens that are in financial need

To ensure the document could change as the needs and issues of society changed

So that the power of the government could be increased during war time

To provide a way for a Constitutional Monarchy to become the structure of the government

Americans needed a way to create a weaker form of government than the one the U.S. Constitution established

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention wrote a new plan of government

The people of the United States are the people who created the new form of government

King George III is no longer in charge of America

Every issue that came up would be voted on by every American citizen

“I cannot tolerate disobedience to our nations laws, I must do a better job enforcing laws”

“The President appointed me to this position and I will serve the rest of my life in this job”

“The new law in regards to health care is deemed to be constitutional therefore I will not overturn it”

“I believe this law we’ve created benefits middle class families”

To make sure the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land

Keep foreign enemies from attacking U.S. citizens

Enforce laws that are enacted by congress

Interpret the laws passed by congress

“I cannot tolerate disobedience to our nations laws, I must do a better job enforcing laws”

“The President appointed me to this position and I will serve here until my term expires in 6 years”

“The new law in regards to health care is deemed to be constitutional therefore I will not overturn it”

“Because this law benefits only the wealthy at the expense of the poor, I must veto this bill”

Popular Sovereignty

Separation of Powers

Checks and Balances

Republicanism

Attend school & read books to children

Support a local sports team & vote in elections

Pay taxes & run for public office

Serve on juries & stay informed on public issues

Religion, Arms, Press, Petition, No Quartering Soldiers,

Religion, Speech, Press, No Quartering Soldiers, Petition

Speech, Assembly, Arms, Petition, Press

Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition

Children are allowed to play with water guns

Teachers are allowed to have a concealed weapon at school

Police officers are allowed to wear guns on their belts

Citizens of right age are able to own guns they keep in their home

a need to allow people to assemble peacefully to demonstrate their political views

French officials requiring America to allow freedom of religion

The need for colonists to have guns to protect themselves from the British during the American Revolution

The colonists hating that they had to house British soldiers in their homes

Citizens are allowed to voice their concerns about the president

It gives more rights to the citizens than are listed in the Bill of Rights

No property can be taken from you without a warrant

The punishment will not be too large for the crime you commit

Teon refuses to go to the principal’s office after yelling at the teacher

Grace speaks out in support the Supreme Court’s ruling on health care

Skylon runs for president

Milton refuses to allow officers to search his athletic bag for deflated footballs without a warrant

4th Amendment

5th Amendment

6th Amendment

7th Amendment

If you are ever accused of a civil crime, your peers listen to evidence and decide if you are innocent or guilty

Evidence that is circumstantial cannot be brought against you in a trail

Your trial is required to be with one month from when someone accused you of a crime

You cannot be punished in a cruel way if you are convicted of a crime

The Secretary of State is able to oversee the affairs of each state

The President is addressed as “His Excellency”

The United States refrains from getting involved in the crisis in Syria

The President cannot serve more than 2 terms

Negotiating a boundary with Spain over the disputed southwestern territory of the U.S.

Returning promptly the British Redcoats that were taken prisoner of war

Settle the matter on the legality of slavery

Create an economic system that would allow America to pay off its war debt

Aid the president on spying on foreign nations

Discourage the Judicial Branch from declaring a presidential act unconstitutional

Provide the president with a group of people that could advise the president on different matters

Be involved in legislative meetings to ensure the executive and legislative branches worked together.

Raise the price of goods imported from foreign countries to keep Americans buying American made goods

Exclusively trade with French merchants to isolate the British

Refuse any foreign countries from selling products in the Unites States

Allow each state to determine the tariff rates from foreign countries

It would limit the potential trading markets in Europe

The cost of everyday items would increase

A government loan would have a higher interest rate

They would no longer be able to purchase rifles made overseas

Americans would have to go through peaceful avenues to express their desire for change

Whisky would no longer be permitted to be produced without a permit from the federal government

Washington, and therefore the executive branch, held the supreme power in the United States

Alexander Hamilton was Washington’s favorite advisor and would be granted whatever he requested

Organizations that would clearly articulate the desires of the people

War with other countries

Biased newspapers and therefore inaccurate reports

A divided sentiment between citizens of America

Technological advancements

Protective tariffs that were too high

A national bank

Permanent alliances with other countries

Washington – Federalist Party Jefferson – Democrat-Republican

Hamilton – Federalist Party Adams – Democrat-Republican

Adams – Federalist Party Washington – Democrat Republican

Hamilton – Federalist Party Jefferson – Democrat Republican

The legality of slavery

The wealthy versus the poor

The power of the federal government

Protective tariffs

Creating an economic system to pay off America’s war debt

How to hold the country together in the face of emerging political parties

Establishing a precedence for how the court system is to operate

Dealing with the French in response to captured American vessels

Imprisoned all persons of Spanish ethnicity living in the U.S.

Issued the Alien Act which allowed the government to imprison French people believed to be dangerous

Revoked the visas of most French officials he believed were spies

Passed the Sedition Act which jailed any person critiquing the American government during war time

7th Amendment – Trial by Jury

2nd Amendment – Right to Bear Arms

1st Amendment – Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition

9th Amendment – Rights to the People

Gibons v. Ogden

Worcestor v. Georgia

Marbury v. Madison

McCulloch v. Maryland

Gibons v. Ogden

Worcestor v. Georgia

Marbury v. Madison

McCulloch v. Maryland

Gibons v. Ogden

Worcestor v. Georgia

Marbury v. Madison

McCulloch v. Maryland

the judicial branch as the weakest branch of the government

the judicial branch with the ability to rule laws and actions unconstitutional

a way for the executive branch to maintain power over the judicial branch

the right for former presidents to still hold power

They developed a needed alliance with Native American tribes

It resulted in the discovery several species of animals and plants not yet scientifically cataloged

The American spirit of adventure and discovery was on display

It laid the ground work for future Americans to begin colonizing the “West”

Gave America land that stretched all the way to the Pacific Ocean

Doubled the size of America’s territory

Was a gift from America to France

Took place in 1607

Thomas Paine

Francis Scott Key

James Madison

Thomas Jefferson

America was destined to become the most powerful country in the world

The U.S. should own all the land claimed by Mexico and Canada

The U.S. government should govern all the territory in the Western Hemisphere

The U.S. should expand westward to the Pacific Ocean

Received $30 million from France

Doubled its territory

No longer allowed European countries to colonies land in North America

acquired Florida from Spain

Offered Britain $15 million

Suggested giving Florida to Britain in exchange for the rights to Oregon

Offered fishing rights to Britain off the coast of New England

Threatened to go to war

German immigrants to Texas did not want to be a part of the U.S.

The balance of free states to slave states would be upset

France threatened to declare war on the U.S. if it added Texas

Texas was seen as a wasteland that would drain the economy of the U.S.

Find gold in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Keep Mexico from invading the U.S. from the west

Expand American trade with ports on the coast of California

Allow the citizens of California to participate in American democracy

Mexico surrendering all of its territory

Mexican citizens forbidden from immigrating to the U.S.

Slavery being abolished in California

America taking the Mexican Cession from Mexico

Have more land to excavate for gold

Build a railroad connecting California with Texas

Prevent Britain from purchasing the same land

Give the ‘common man’ more land he can farm west of the Mississippi River

3rd Amendment

6th Amendment

8th Amendment

1st Amendment

Americas economy improved greatly because Congress printed money for the war effort

American farmers began planting more cotton to replace worn uniforms of U.S. soldiers

The war resulted in America winning sole fishing rights off the coast of the New England states

More factories were created because we were no longer able to purchase goods from Britain

People moved to rural areas to plant more cotton

Poor farmers took jobs in factories and moved to cities

More and more factories began producing automobiles

The U.S. government payed for the creation of factories

Technology allowed people to communicate manufacturing ideas across large pieces of land

Technology created a way to make things faster, and therefore sell them cheaper

Technology gave the federal government a way to make sure factories were safe and efficient

Technology initially slowed down the Industrial Revolution because it took time for people to learn how to operate the new machines

The Federal government provided incentives to states in the North to build factories, but not the South

Southerners were not educated enough to operate the new technology of the Industrial Revolution

Poor farming conditions, and ample rivers to power factories encouraged Northerners to build factories

No one in the South believed that building a factory would lead to economic prosperity

Created a way to quickly remove seeds from the cotton fiber, resulting in the slaves having more time to work in the fields.

Picked cotton from the plants, ending the need for slaves to pick the cotton

Allowed farmers to plant cotton seeds in a more efficient way

Removed all dust and insects from the cotton fiber so it was softer

Slaves no longer had to work outside in the fields, but now could work indoors

Britain began purchasing cotton from the U.S. because of its high quality

The Secretary of Treasury invested federal money in the cotton industry because of its success

The planting of cotton increased resulting in more slaves being brought to the U.S.

Factories began to only make guns

The price it cost to make a good increased

Factories were able to produce goods at a faster rate, resulting in a decrease in the price of goods

Britain payed the American government $5 million in exchange for the secret behind America’s factories

Henry Clay

Francis Scott Key

Benjamin Franklin

Eli Whitney

Give people more places to swim and fish

Connect rivers so that fish could travel greater distances

Allow soldiers to be transported across America faster

Allow people and goods to travel faster

John C. Calhoun

Robert Fulton

Eli Whitney

Alexander Hamilton

Their belief that all people were created equal

America providing money to recent immigrants to help them provide for their families

Ireland experiencing a deplorable potato famine

Ireland erupting in a religious civil war

Increasing tariffs so that Americans would purchase more goods from American factories

Reducing tariffs to be able to purchase goods at a cheaper price from foreign countries

Having equal representation in Congress

Building more roads and canals to be connected to other regions of the U.S.

Increasing tariffs so that Americans would purchase more goods from American factories

Reducing tariffs to be able to purchase goods at a cheaper price from foreign countries

Having equal representation in Congress

Building more roads and canals to be connected to other regions of the U.S.

Increasing tariffs so that Americans would purchase more goods from American factories

Reducing tariffs to be able to purchase goods at a cheaper price from foreign countries

Having equal representation in Congress

Building more roads and canals to be better connected to other regions of the U.S. to improve their economy

People in the North were wealthy enough to afford housing in cities

Under the Urban Law of 1828, citizens living in cities paid less taxes

The weather in the North was too harsh for people to live in rural areas

More people in the North took jobs in factories which were in cities

Southerners felt that factory workers had harder lives than that of slaves

Northerners refused to show Southerners how to build and operate machines

Farming cotton was profitable

Factories would pollute the air quality in the South

Their geographical differences

The differences in the way people think

The reasons the pilgrims came to the “New World” versus the reasons the settlers of Virginia had to come to the “New World”

The fact that the Capital of America was located in Washington, D.C. which passed laws favoring the South

Southerners were upset it was going to be a free state

Mexican officials still claimed that California was rightfully there territory

Many Americans were prejudice against the many ethnicities that inhabited California because of the Gold Rush

Northerners were angered over the fact that California allowed slavery

California would be a slave state, but the next state to join the Union would be a free state

California would be a slave state, Oregon would be a free state

California would be a free state, Congress would pass the Fugitive Slave Act

California would be a free state, but slavery would be allowed in Kansas and Nebraska

Kansas would be a free state while Nebraska would be a slave state

The citizens of Kansas and Nebraska would vote for themselves on the issue of slavery

It allowed both Kansas and Nebraska to allow slavery, but would prohibit the addition of any more slave states

Slavery was banned in Kansas and Nebraska, but would be permitted it future states that join the Union

Slavery was inconsistent with the U.S. Constitution

Dred Scott was free since he at one time was on free soil

Slavery was an established cultural and economic condition that is not addressed in the Constitution specifically therefore slavery would be allowed to continue

Slaves are considered property and therefore will not be taken away from their owners by the government

Union – Abraham Lincoln; Confederacy- Jefferson Davis

Union – Jefferson Davis; Confederacy- Robert E. Lee

Union – Ulysses S. Grant; Confederacy – Robert E. Lee

Union – Abraham Lincoln; Confederacy – Ulysses S. Grant

Freed slaves in states that rebelled against the Union

Abolished slavery in the United States

Ended the slave trade in the North and abolished slavery in the South

Declared that upon the end of the Civil War, the institution of slavery would cease

Abraham Lincoln- issued Emancipation Proclamation; Robert E. Lee- Union General

“Stonewall” Jackson- leader of Union forces; Philip Bazaar- first African American to win Medal of Honor

Philip Bazaar- first Hispanic American to win Medal of Honor; William Carney- first African American to win Medal of Honor

Julia Ward Howe – wrote the “Battle Hymn of the Republic”; Abraham Lincoln- president of the Confederate States of America

The Mississippi River was taken by the Union which divided land controlled by the Confederates

The Confederacy prevented the Union from capturing Richmond, which was the capital of the Confederacy

Half of all the Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee died, which crippled the effectiveness of the Confederate Army for the remaining of the Civil War

The Confederacy Army failed a Northern invasion and was forced to return to the South

This war must be won by the Union to eradicate slavery

The Union would only fight for 2 more years, and that the war must be won by then

The Union must with this war to preserve the Union “of the people, by the people, for the people”

The Confederacy would be allowed to keep the institution of slavery if they surrender immediately

The Mississippi River was taken by the Union which divided land controlled by the Confederates

The Confederacy prevented the Union from capturing Richmond, which was the capital of the Confederacy

Half of all the Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee died, which crippled the effectiveness of the Confederate Army for the remaining of the Civil War

The Confederacy Army failed a Northern invasion and was forced to return to the South

Demoralize the South by destroying their houses, farms, and railroads

Prevent the Confederacy from shipping the cotton to Europe in exchange for more weapons

Allow him to attack Robert E. Lee’s forces by surprise

Result in Union soldiers receiving much needed supplies when they reached port cities on the coast

ensure rights of African Americans were protected

make sure the African American population was accurately counted

keep African Americans as slaves

limit many rights of African Americans

Jobs were given to African Americans in the lumber industry

Money was given to freemen to buy food and shelter

Education was provided to freedmen

Trains and wagons carried freedmen to the North to find jobs

African Americans were seen as equal citizens to whites

Slavery was banned from America

Voting rights were not determined by race

States were allowed to rule on the legality of slavery

African Americans were seen as equal citizens to whites

Slavery was eradicated from America

Voting rights were not determined by race

States were allowed to rule on the legality of slavery

Mean political leaders that forbid the practice

A way to help the South rebuild its economy

Kind people who came to the South to help them reconstruct buildings and houses

People from the North who wanted to take advantage of the Southerners

Symbolized the end of the Civil War

Helped grow the popularity of the Republican party in the South

Was the first African American to serve as a member of the Senate

Championed the rights of Hispanic Americans in state politics

Helping freedmen find jobs

Creating the sharecropping system that kept African Americans from making a lot of money

Separating African Americans from white citizens in schools and businesses

Requiring African Americans to give the government all their earnings to receive food and housing in return

“It’s about time the railroad was built all the way out to the West coast. Now Americans economy can grow.”

“This law would make Horace Mann proud. He believed in this cause and now it looks like the government does too.”

“I’m going to get as much land as I can and sell it ten years from now for a higher profit.”

“Giving money to Universities is a waste. Our tax dollars should be going to build up our military.”

“It’s about time the railroad was built all the way out to the West coast. Now Americans economy can grow.”

“This law would make Horace Mann proud. He believed in this cause and now it looks like the government does too.”

“I’m going to get as much land as I can and sell it ten years from now for a higher profit.”

“Giving money to Universities is a waste. Our tax dollars should be going to build up our military.”

People and goods traveled faster resulting in the economy improving

Soldiers were able to be deployed faster resulting in American becoming safer

Immigrants from Egypt and Russia came to work on the railroad resulting in American becoming more diverse

Mexican immigrants contributed to major parts of American culture