Plants are multi-cellular, mostly land dwelling and they __.

Resources of photosynthetic land organisms come from ___ and ___.

The __ anchors the plant in the ground and absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

The __is made up of leaves that perform photosynthesis and gas exchange.

The chemical that hardens plant cell walls to provide framework for the plant to stand upright is ___.

The ___is the waxy coating of the leaves and other above ground parts for retaining water.

Microscopic pores in the leaf’s surface that are open certain times of the day to allow gas exchange and

closed the rest of the time to prevent water loss by evaporation are called __.

The pollen and the egg of plants are called its __.

The fertilized egg called a __develops into an embryo inside the female parent.

Sperm reaches the eggs of plants by traveling within ___ carried by wind or animals.

___ remain in the tissues of the ovary of the parent and are fertilized there.

Most plant embryos are dispersed as seeds enclosed in protective

The Gymnosperms are __ and their relatives and are the first of the plants to produce seeds.

The term “gymnosperm” means __ seed due to the fact that that their seeds do not have a seed coat.

Conifer seeds develop on specialized leaves of the parent plant called __.

The flowering plants are called __.

A __ is a complex reproductive structure that bears seeds within protective organs called ovaries.

Flower __ attract insects and other animals that transfer pollen from one flower to the other.

Grasses are __ that are wind pollinated and have flowers that are less flashy than those pollinated by animals.

The male reproductive organs of a flower are called __.

The tip of the stamen is the __ which produces pollen grains containing male gametophytes.

The __ is located at the base of the carpels and they contain female gametophytes called embryos sacs

Two ___ cells are produced within the pollen grains and are released into the female gametophyte.

One sperm cell within a pollen grain___ the egg and produces a zygote from which an embryo develops.

The other sperm cell of a pollen grain fuses with the nuclei in the large center cell of the female

gametophyte and develops into a nutrient-storing tissue called ___ which will will nourish the plant

embryo as it develops.

The term “double fertilization” means that the fertilization produces both a __ and an endosperm.

The whole ovule , now containing a zygote and an endosperm, develops into a ___.

During seed development, the ovary wall thickens forming a __that encloses the seed.

A fruit is a ripened __ of a flower.

A specialized shoot, unique to angiosperms, that is made up of four different rings is called a ___.

The four different rings of a flower are modified ___.

___ cover and protect the flower bud before the blossom opens.

The modified leaves of the second ring of the flower are the ___.

The male portion of the flower is known as the ___.

The organs of a flower where pollen is produced are called the ___.

A cell having ½ the number of chromosomes of a diploid cell is referred to as a ___ cell.

The female organs of the flower are known as the ___.

The sticky top of the style is called the ___.

The narrow structure that leads to the ovary from the stigma is called the ___.

A structure that grows toward the ovary through the style from the pollen grains on the stigma is called a ___.

A structure that grows toward the ovary through the style from the pollen grains on the stigma is called a ___.

When the sperm cell from the pollen grain that fertilizes the egg, the resulting cell is called a ___.

When a second sperm cell from the pollen grain fuses with the two polar nuclei inside the ovary, the resultant cell is a ___ cell.

The nutrient-rich ___ is the food for the developing plant embryo until it is mature enough to photosynthesize.

The tough outer layer of the seed that helps to protect the embryo and the endosperm is called the ___.

A ___ develops from an ovary of an angiosperm.

Once the seed has germinated to the point that the embryonic plant has established root and shoot systems, the plant is called a ___.

To anchor the plants in the soil and absorb water and minerals for the plant is the function of the __.

The offspring of a plant that are produced by vegetative reproduction can also be considered ___.

A ___ root system is a mat of thin roots spread out below the soil surface to provide increasing exposure to soil nutrients and water.

Plants that complete their life cycle in a single year’s growing season are ___.

A __ system has one large vertical root with many smaller branches.

Plants that complete their life cycle in two years and usually only flower in the second year are called ___.

The ___ of an angiosperm consists of stems, leaves and flowers.

The points on the stem at which the leaves are attached are called ___.

Vascular tissue runs ___ in the stem transporting water and nutrients from the soil.

The primary sources of photosynthesis in the plant are the ___.

The main part of the leaf is called a ___.

The portion of the leaf that connects it to a stem is called the ___.

Leaf veins consist of ___ tissue and support tissue.

The spines of a cactus are modified _.

Modified leaves of vines that enable them to attach and climb surfaces are ___.

The epidermis of the plant secretes a waxy covering called ___ that helps the plant retain water.

___ tissue transports water, mineral nutrients and organic molecules between the roots and shoots of the plant.

The vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots into the shoots is the __.

The vascular tissue that transports food made in mature leaves to roots and parts of the shoot system that don’t

photosynthesize such as developing leaves and fruits is called the __.

_ are angiosperms that have vascular bundles spread throughout the ground tissue.

___ are angiosperms that have vascular bundles that are arranged in a ring.

The meristem that is found in the tips of roots and buds of shoots is the ___ meristem.

Hormone

Auxin

Cyto-

Kinins

Abscisic

Ethylene

Tropism

Thigmo-

Photo-

Halo-

Phyto-

Circa-