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WorksheetsHealth and disease
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 33mins
As women pass 50 years of age they require less iron and more calcium in their diets. Which statement provides the BEST explanation for this?
Blood cells are more readily broken down and must be replaced.
Women at that age need to replace calcium lost during child bearing years.
Menstruation is gradually reducing and bone loss is increasing.
Less active women would NOT require as many blood cells to be manufactured.
During starvation, the FIRST reserve used by the body to maintain energy levels is
stored glycogen
protein in muscle
vitamins stored in liver
stored fat
The graph shows the development of an infection with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) over a period of 10 years.
The patient is MOST likely to show symptoms of AIDS at point
A
B
C
D
Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) ?
Intimate sexual contact
Contamination with infected blood
Mother's breast milk to her baby
Mosquito saliva and transfer of blood
Long term exposure of the liver to high concentrations of alcohol eventually results in liver failure. This is due to the development of the disease called
Cirrhosis
Multiple sclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
The effects of three components of tobacco smoke are shown.
Identify X - Y - Z respectively.
Tar - Carbon monoxide - Nicotine
Tar - Nicotine - Carbon monoxide
Nicotine - Carbon monoxide - Tar
Carbon monoxide - Tar - Nicotine
Which of the following correctly identifies three groups of nutrients that provide energy in the diet?
Protein, minerals , fibre
Lipids, carbohydrates, fibre
Lipids, carbohydrates, protein
Minerals, water, fibre
Cerebral haemorrhage MOST likely describes
stroke
angina
hypertension
coronary heart disease
1% of the human population is not susceptible to HIV. This is due to
phagocytosis of the virus by macrophages
the development of antibodies against the virus
a mutation preventing binding of HIV to T-helper cells
a mutation preventing binding of HIV to B-cells
Which of the following is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing a person from becoming infected with the dengue virus?
A poster describing the life cycle of the dengue virus
Ensuring that all water storage drums are securely covered
Introducing fish into garden ponds
Regular personal use of insect repellents
Per 100 000 inhabitants in the Americas
In 2001 : 5000 cases of Dengue were reported
In 2002 :15000 cases of Dengue were reported
What is the incidence rate for the period 2001 - 2002?
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Which two stages of alcoholic liver disease are reversible?
Liver becomes swollen and fatty, and liver cirrhosis
Liver becomes swollen and fatty, and inflammation of the liver.
Liver cells are replaced by fibrous scar tissue, and inflammation of the liver.
Liver cells are replaced by fibrous scar tissue, and liver becomes swollen and fatty.
Select the BEST description of the trend observed on the graph showing breast cancer mortality in a developed country between 1985 - 2005.
Mortality rates remained steady for I from 1985 to 2000.
Mortality rates increased steadily for II from 1989 to 2005.
The difference in mortality rates between I and II decreased markedly from 1985 to 1993.
The difference in mortality rates between I and II increased markedly from 1990 to 2005.
The graph shows mortality rates from lung cancer in men from 1950 to 1990.
Based on the trends observed, if men ages 60 -64 were measured, their mortality rates would MOST likely be
the same at 1000 deaths per million
lower than those for men between ages 40 and 44
higher than those for men between ages 50 and 54
fluctuating between 400 and 600 deaths per million
The term health is BEST defined as
eating a well balanced diet
the muscle tone of an individual
the low incidence of disease in an individual
the state of physical, mental and spiritual well-being of an individual
Which of the following types of disorders MOST likely contributes to Type II diabetes?
Mental
Dietary
Physiological
Psychological
Year - Population Number - # people living with HIV
2004 - 456 000 - 5000
2005 - 456 000 - 5600
What is the incidence rate of HIV during the period 2004 - 2005?
0.012%
0.13%
12%
13%
What is the body mass index (BMI) for an individual whose weight is 130 kg and height 170 cm?
0.0045
0.0222
45
76
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of long-term use of alcohol?
Dehydration of brain cells
Dehydration of nerve cells
Impaired nervous transmission
Reduced inhibition and impaired judgement
Glucagon is a hormone secreted by cells in the pancreas. Which TWO of the following changes are brought about by glucagon?
It decreases the blood glucose level.
It increases the blood glucose level.
It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen.
It stimulates the formation of glycogen.
Which of the following is NOT caused by malnutrition?
Obesity
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Emphysema
Fatty deposits in arteries can contribute to strokes and heart disease. This condition is called
arteriosclerosis
arthritis
thrombosis
atherosclerosis
Which of the following factors is responsible for the increase in heart rate during exercise?
Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.
Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood stream.
Increased adrenaline in the blood stream.
Increased glucose concentration in the blood stream.
Select the pathogens responsible for the following :
Malaria - Dengue fever - AIDS
Eukaryotic parasite - Virus - Virus
Bacterium - Eukaryotic parasite - Virus
Virus - Bacterium - Eukaryotic parasite
Eukaryotic parasite - Bacterium - Bacterium
Which of the following diseases is treated with drugs that have a similar structure to the DNA molecule?
AIDS
Malaria
Dengue fever
Sickle cell anaemia
Fat accumulates in the liver when alcohol is consumed regularly because
liver cells use alcohol as an energy source instead of fat
fat absorbs alcohol and helps to detoxify it
alcohol is used to synthesize fat molecules in the liver
alcohol prevents the liver cells from secreting fat molecules
Which TWO of the following are a direct result of nicotine in tobacco smoke?
Constriction of arterial diameter
Increased mucus production in the alveoli
Paralysis of cilia in the bronchi
Increased stickiness of blood platelets
Select the CORRECT disease - category pair.
AIDS - hereditary
Stroke - degenerative
Diabetes - Infectious
Emphysema - Deficiency
Alcoholism is a disease which has been linked to intrafamily violence, aggressive behaviour and petty crime. In which of the following disease categories can alcoholism be placed?
Deficiency
Inherited
Degenerative
Social
Which of the following is NOT a reason why energy requirements differ in people from birth to old age?
The amount of activity varies with occupation.
Metabolic rate reduces with age.
Gender makes no difference to energy needs.
As a person ages they may be less active.
Select the correct formula for calculating body mass index (BMI)
A professional athlete and an untrained individual each engaged in 10 minutes of exercise. The athlete's blood pressure, pulse and breathing rate remained almost unchanged while the untrained individual experienced an increase in all three parameters. Which of the following accounts for this?
The athlete developed increased muscle mass.
Cardiac output and lung capacity increased with athletic training.
The athlete has more stamina due to a specialized diet.
Endurance levels are higher in the athlete.
Select the correct causative agent - mode of transmission pair for dengue fever.
Virus - vector
Bacterium - vector
Virus - airborne
Bacterium - airborne
Which of the following BEST describes the disease atherosclerosis?
Extensive damage to the endothelial lining of the arteries.
Formation of large blood clots in arteries.
Build-up of plaque in the walls of arteries.
Calcification of the walls of arteries.
Which of the following statements explain why alcohol consumption can result in the production of large quantities of watery urine (diuresis)?
Alcohol increases the production of ADH.
Alcohol inhibits ADH production.
Alcohol reduces the permeability of the collecting ducts.
What are X - Y - Z respectively?
Tar - Nicotine - Carbon monoxide
Tar - Carbon monoxide - Nicotine
Nicotine - Carbon monoxide - Tar
Nicotine - Tar - Carbon monoxide
Select the ways in which an individual can become infected with HIV from an infected person.
Exchange of saliva during kissing
Blood transfusion
Breastfeeding
Sharing hypodermic needles
Which of the following is true for Body Mass Index (BMI)?
It cannot be used to measure obesity in children.
It is a perfect method for measuring a person's weight.
It is calculated using both height and weight measurements.
It measures the distribution of excess fat in the body.
Which of the following is a mutagen and can cause cancer?
Tar
Alcohol
Nicotine
Carbon monoxide
Which of the following can be found inside the central core of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
DNA only
DNA and RNA
DNA and reverse transcriptase
RNA and reverse transcriptase
Dengue fever is caused by
virus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito
virus transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito
plasmodium transmitted by the Aedes mosquito
plasmodium transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito
One effect of alcohol consumption is that it
inhibits the release of ADH
increases the release of ADH
increases sexual performance
increases muscular coordination
AIDS is caused by a
retrovirus
rhinovirus
bacterium
protozoan
A disease that develops slowly and persists for a long time is BEST described as
acute
chronic
degenerative
self-inflicted
The organism that causes AIDS infects and destroys cells of the body's immune system so that tier number gradually decreases. These cells are known as
B lymphocytes
plasma cells
T helper lymphocytes
T memory lymphocytes
A runner prepares for six months to run a marathon by exercising for three hours daily.This MOST likely results in an increase in
cardiac output
tidal volume
muscle strength
blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of hypertension?
Arthritis
Kidney disease
Atherosclerosis
High levels of aldosterone
It is believed that tar in cigarette smoke causes
the blood platelets to become sticky
more adrenaline to be released into the blood
blockage in blood vessels, resulting in less oxygen being transported
increased secretion of mucus from goblet cells in the epithelium
Select the BEST description of tolerance, a form of physical drug dependence.
A severe craving for a drug which interferes with a person's ability to function normally.
Characterized by the continued desire for a drug, even after physical dependence is gone.
Develops in persons who have used large quantities of substances such as alcohol and barbiturates.
Occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a drug and requires ever - increasing amounts to achieve the same effect.
A highly malignant tumour linked to ultraviolet radiation is a
sarcoma
melanoma
lymphoma
papilloma
Which of the following BMI values BEST reflects that of an obese individual?
25
27
29
31
The progressive decrease in response to a drug as the body adapts to its presence is called
craving
adaptation
tolerance
dependence
The parts P and S are
P - reverse transcriptase ; S - RNA
P - reverse transcriptase ; S - DNA
RNA polymerase ; RNA
RNA polymerase ; DNA
Which part would MOST likely be of importance in producing a vaccine for the HIV virus?
P
Q
R
S
Which individuals have surpassed their daily alcohol limit (DAL) in blood?
0.14 units of wine consumed by a pregnant woman
3-4 units of beer consumed by a female bus driver
4-5 units of beer consumed by a male office worker
Compared to non-smokers, smokers are at a greater risk of suffering from stroke MOST likely because of an increase in the
deterioration of lung tissue due to the breakdown of the walls of many alveoli
rate of cell division in the lung tissue leading to a greater risk of tumour development
probability of blood clots forming inappropriately because the blood is more viscous
levels of dopamine in parts of the brain
Plaque formation in arteries begins with the deposition of
calcium
cholesterol
blood clots
fibrinogen
Adult persons with a body mass index (BMI) of over 27 are considered to at an increased risk for
fatty liver disease
type 1 diabetes
colon cancer
dengue fever
Which of the following combinations correctly describes the pathogens responsible for dengue fever and AIDS respectively?
Bacterium - Retrovirus
Single stranded RNA - Double stranded DNA
Infects B lymphocytes - Infects T lymphocytes
Parasitic disease - Infectious disease
After regular consumption of alcohol, fat accumulates in the liver. Which of the following provides an explanation for this?
Alcohol provides a substrate for the synthesis of fat molecules in the liver.
Alcohol damages liver cells, so they cannot convert fat into lipoproteins.
Alcohol acts as a buffer for fat, and absorbs the fat and stores it.
Alcohol is used by liver cells in preference to fat, as an energy source.
Which of the following is NOT a method of transmission of the HIV?
Sexual intercourse
Sharing intravenous needles
Breastfeeding or breast milk
Gene transfer from mother to foetus
John is 1.7m tall and weighs 95 kg. Which of the categories in the table BEST describes John?
I
II
III
IV
I and II
I and III
II and III
I,II and III
