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WorksheetsAmanda's BIOL 1107 Final Review
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 59mins
Since the midterm, I have studied ________.
a lot and I feel confident!
a little but I'm still confused
not much
not at all
Draw a condensed and skeletal model for C3H6
Which of the following is not a hydrocarbon?
CH3
C6H12O6
C3H6
C2H4
Will hydrocarbons dissolve in water?
Yes, because they're polar
Yes, because they're nonpolar
No, because they're polar
No, because they're nonpolar
Which of the following is the definition of a geometrical isomer?
when a molecule has a chiral center that results in two nonsuperimposable images
when the carbon backbone creates different chains and branches
when an atom is positioned at a different point on a carbon chain
when atoms are positioned either on the same side or opposite sides of a carbon double bond
Why are isomers important?
Different isomers have different chemical effects
Enzymes may only be able to bind to specific isomers
Pharmaceuticals much consider potential isomers and their affect on the human body
All of the above
Which macromolecule is not a polymer?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleotide
A _______ reaction connects monomers, while a ________ reaction breaks them apart.
dehydration; hydrolysis
hydrolysis; dehydration
catalytic; analytic
The difference between saturated and unsaturated fats is that unsaturated fats:
have a double bond
do not have a double bond
are higher energy
are lower energy
Cells that are exposed to extremely cold conditions would have more _______ and _______ in their plasma membranes.
saturated fats; unsaturated fats
unsaturated fats; saturated fats
unsaturated fats; cholesterol
saturated fats; cholesterol
Triglycerides are made of a _______ attached to ______ (# of) fatty acids by ______ bonds.
glycerol; 3; ester
glycerol; 2; glycosidic
hydrocarbon; 3; glycosidic
hydrocarbon; 2; ester
Which of the following molecules is amphipathic?
triglyceride
phospholipid
steroid
wax
A(n) _______ protein is a protein that is fully embedded in the plasma membrane, while a _______ protein is a protein that is associated with either the inside or outside of the plasma membrane.
integral; enzymatic
peripheral; integral
integral; peripheral
enzymatic; peripheral
What qualities does a molecule have to have to pass through the plasma membrane without a protein channel? (options: small/large; polar/nonpolar/charged)
(a)
Which molecule would likely get through the plasma membrane most easily?
sodium ion
glucose
CO2
an amino acid
Which of the following describes a hypertonic solution?
A cell is added to a solution and shrivels up
A cell is added to a solution and swells
A cell is added to a solution and remains the same
A cell is added to a solution and pops
Which of the following describes facilitated diffusion?
a molecule diffusing through the membrane with its concentration gradient
a molecule being pumped by a protein channel against its concentration gradient
a molecule diffusing through a protein channel with its concentration gradient
a molecule "hitching a ride" with another molecule that's moving through a protein channel with its concentration gradient
What type of diffusion requires input of energy?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
osmosis
DNA/RNA polymerases can only add new nucleotides to the ____ end of a nucleotide strand.
5'
3'
Write the complimentary DNA sequence for the following DNA sequence: 5'-ATG-CCT-TCT-GAA-3'
(a)
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
RNA has an extra hydroxyl group
RNA uses uracil and DNA uses thymine
All of the above
What are the three types of RNA?
What are the steps that genetic information goes through to produce a protein? (starting with DNA and ending with a finished protein)
ATP is created in _______ reactions and used for ______ reactions.
dehydration; hydrolysis
hydrolysis; dehydration
exergonic; endergonic
endergonic; exergonic
DNA replication begins at the:
replication fork
leading strand
lagging strand
origin of replication
Which of these are purines?
If a nucleotide sequence is shown to have 23% cytosine, what is the % composition of adenine in the sequence?
(a)
Name at least one protein involved in DNA replication and its function.
If the top strand, left to right, is 5' to 3', which newly forming strand would be the leading strand?
Top
Bottom
Why are telomeres necessary in eukaryotic cells?
To protect the chromosome from degradation by enzymes
To facilitate crossing over during DNA replication
To protect the coding DNA from not being replicated
To protect the chromosomes from viral infection
What level of structure of a polypeptide that has fully folded into a 3-dimensional shape?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What role does an enzyme play in initiating a reaction?
provides the activation energy
increases the activation energy
increases the energy yield
lower the activation energy
Name at least one thing an enzyme does to lower a reaction's activation energy.
What might happen to an enzyme of an organism that is adapted for human body temperature if the temperature is significantly increased?
The enzyme will work faster due to increased kinetic energy
The enzyme will work slower due to stress on the organism
The enzyme will cease to function due to loss of stabilizing bonds
Nothing
Which type of inhibition involves changing the shape of an enzyme's active site.
Competitive
Noncompetitive
If the concentration of a substrate is much higher than that of a competitive inhibitor, will the competitive inhibitor be effective?
Yes, because it will inactive the active site of the enzyme
Yes, because it will always occupy the active site of the enzyme
No, because it won't be able to change the shape of the active site
No, because the substrate is much more likely to bind to the active site
What functional group(s) is/are in all amino acids?
Carboxyl
Carbonyl
Amino
Hydroxyl
What kind of bond stabilizes secondary structure?
hydrogen
covalent
ionic
peptide
Name a type of bond that stabilizes tertiary structure.
Hydrophobic amino acid side chains are likely to be:
inside the folded protein
outside the folded protein
hydrogen bonded
shorter
______ amino acid side chains are likely to be attracted to one another.
Nonpolar
Similarly charged
Oppositely charged
Similarly shaped
(a) is the process that produces an mRNA molecule.
Which strand is used to create mRNA?
Template
Coding
True or False: RNA primase is necessary for synthesizing mRNA.
True
False
Which of the following is/are done to a pre-mRNA molecule to make it finished mRNA?
5' cap is added
3' poly-A tail is added
Introns are removed
Exons are removed
Why is it beneficial for DNA to have non-coding regions in a gene?
larger genomes are harder to degrade
To make it possible to make different proteins from the same gene
To increase the change of mutation
To decrease the chance of mutation
Which of the following are functions of the 5' cap and the 3' poly-A tail?
Protect the mRNA from RNAses
Help get the mRNA out of the nucleus
5' cap helps ribosomes bind to the strand
3' poly-A tail helps ribosomes unbind from the strand
Introns are cut out and exons are stitched together by:
RNA splicease
mRNA chaperone proteins
Spliceosomes
RNAse
Which of the following is NOT part of the transcription initiation complex?
enhancers
transcription factors
TATA box
DNA polymerase
What could happen if there were a mutation on the gene for RNA polymerase that made the protein nonfunctional?
mRNA could not be synthesized
Ribosomes would not be able to bind to the finished mRNA
The cell would not be able to make proteins
The cell would die
In which site of the ribosomal large subunit are peptide bonds formed?
E
P
A
R
Which of the following is/are true of tRNA?
tRNA is single stranded
tRNA is a molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosome
each tRNA has a random amino acid
each tRNA has an anticodon that is complimentary to an mRNA codon
Successful translation requires:
A correctly formed mRNA strand
The correct pairing of mRNA codons to tRNA anticodons
ATP
correct attachment of amino acids to tRNA molecules
Which of the following are part of the translation initiation complex?
initiator tRNA
ribosomal small subunit
ribosomal large subunit
mRNA
If one or more nucleotides are added or removed from a sequence, this results in a:
(a)
When a single nucleotide is replaced with another, but the resulting codon still codes for the same amino acid, this is a:
(a)
What is/are the difference(s) between starch and cellulose?
Starch has all monomers oriented in the same direction and cellulose has them oriented in alternating directions
Cellulose has all monomers oriented in the same direction and starch has them oriented in alternating directions
Humans can metabolize starch but not cellolose
Humans can metabolize cellulose but not starch
Name one type of carbohydrate and its use in a biological organism
According to the first law of thermodynamics, what happens to the energy in the food you eat?
According to the second law of thermodynamics, what else happens to the energy in the food you eat?
Spontaneous reactions have a ____ ΔG.
positive
negative
net zero
When a compound gains electrons, it is:
catalyzed
oxidized
reduced
electronegative
What is the role of O2 in ATP synthesis?
To generate water
To accept electrons at the end of the ETC
To bind to ATP
To provide electrons
ATP synthase utilizing the H+ concentration gradient to generate ATP is an example of:
chemiosmosis
active transport
simple diffusion
a catalytic reaction
Glycolysis occurs in the:
cytosol
mitochondrial intermembrane space
mitochondrial matrix
lysosomes
What is true of the ATP made in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
It doesn't hold as much energy as ATP made in oxidative phosphorylation
It is made through hydrolysis
It is made through substrate-level phosphorylation
It is where most ATP is made
What topic are you most confident about and what topic are you least confident about?
