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WorksheetsReview for final
Total questions: 69
Worksheet time: 35mins
Cytotoxic T cells protect the body by:
making antibodies that float free in the body fluids
activating the complement system
secreting antibodies that destroy pathogens
phagocytizing invaders
Which of these is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
helps to maintain tissue fluid balance
is part of the body’s defense system
transports fat and other substance absorbed by the digestive tract
produces red blood cells
What do we visualize when intubating an animal?
epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages
arytenoid and thyroid cartilages
epiglottis and thyroid cartilages
thyroid and cricoid cartilages
The alveoli is lined with ________ which:
surfactant; prevents alveoli from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration
sulfonamides; prevents alveoli from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration
surfactant; enhances gas exchange between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
exuvia; enhances gas exchange between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
When a B cell is exposed to an antigen for the first time:
an inflammatory response occurs
the B cell divides to form plasma cells and T helper cells
the B cell divides to form antibody producing plasma cells and memory B cells
The third line of defense or also known as memory immune response:
a. is faster than the primary response and prevents disease symptoms from occurring
b. causes leukocytes to rapidly divide to form plasma cells
c. produces more natural killer cells than during the primary response
d. has all these properties
Where does CO2 exchange occur?
a. bronchioles
b. trachea
c. alveolar sacs
d. alveoli
Where are ova usually fertilized by spermatozoa?
a. cervix
b. oviduct
c. uterus
d. vagina
Which type of muscle has cells that are threadlike in appearance and have multiple nuclei?
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
involuntary
Specialized connective tissue covering the bones provide 1/3 of the blood supply to the bone and contains osteoblasts.
periosteum
synovium
diaphysis
canaliculus
The oviduct of the female avian species has 5 sections which are:
testes, infundibulum, uterus, magnum, phallus
infundibulum, magnum, uterine horn, vagina, vulva
infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina
ovaries, isthmus, uterus, vagina, phallus
Which of the following best represents the layers of the placenta from exterior to interior?
allantois, amnion, chorion
allantois, chorion, amnion
chorion, allantois, amnion
yolk stalk, amnion, allantois, cotyledones, chorion
Which of the following anatomy of monogastric stomach is responsible for grinding?
body
pyloric antrum
greater curvature
What are the 4 major components required for fermentative digestion to occur?
humidity, temperature, pH, time
volume, temperature, removal of fermentation products, time
volume, fluid environment, removal of fermentation products, time
humidity, temperature, pH, fluid environment
What are the 3 pancreatic hormones secreted from the Islets of Langerhans?
HCl, bicarbonate, pepsin
amylase, trypsin, lipase
chymotrypsin, bile, gastrin
insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
Which endocrine gland is often called the “master endocrine gland” because many of the hormones it produces direct the activity of other endocrine glands?
adrenal gland
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
Which of the following is the correct order in the passage of ingest in a dog or cat?
pylorus, ileum, jejunum, duodenum, cecum
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, anus, rectum
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, anus
pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ilium, colon, ileocolic orifice
What occurs during the refractory period with in the neuron?
Na+ channels open and Na+ rushes into the cell
the cell is unable to send a signal
Na+ channels close, K+ channels open and K+ move outside of the cell
there is more N+ outside of the cell then inside making it more positive outside of the cell
What hormones are stored and secreted by the neurohypophysis?
melanocyte stimulating hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
growth hormone, oxytocin, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone
growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, melanocyte stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
The part of the neuron that receives impulses from other neurons is called the:
dendrite
axon
soma
synaptic knob
The ______ valve is located at the lower left 3rd intercostals space in dogs and horses.
pulmonic
aortic
mitral
tricuspid
What type of bone growth occurs when a cartilage template is created first and then gets replaced by bones?
endochondral bone formation
intramembranous bone formation
saltatory formation
remodeling
Which part of the nervous system is involved in autonomic control functions such as heart, respiration, swallowing and vomiting?
a. cerebrum
b. spinal cord
c. cerebellum
d. brain stem
The purpose of the pump in a neuron is to:
a. pump out sodium ions/ pump potassium ions in
b. pump out potassium ions/ pump sodium ions in
c. keep sodium and potassium ions in equal concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane
d. pump excess water out
The hormone that increases plasma calcium levels by increasing osteoclast activity, increasing intestinal calcium absorption and increasing renal calcium absorption is:
a. calcitonin
b. glucagon
c. thyroid hormone
d. parathyroid hormone
______ is a type of fracture that occurs through a growth plate.
a. Salter
b. greenstick
c. oblique complete
d. compound complete
What do we consider to be the pacemaker of the heart?
a. left and right bundle branches
b. sinoatrial node
c. atrioventricular node
d. medulla oblongata
What part of the diencephalon receives, sorts, and sends information to the appropriate place?
a. corpus callosum
b. pons
c. thalamus
d. hypothalamus
The overall effect of insulin is to:
a. decrease blood glucose
b. increase blood glucose
c. decrease glucagon
d. decrease cortisol
The receptors for equilibrium are located where?
the brain
the retina
the vestibule and the semicircular canals
the organ of Corti
In the avian female reproductive tract, what is the job of the infundibulum?
catches the ovulated egg
releases the egg from the ovary
implants the fertilized egg into the placenta
feeds the fertilized egg
What does the QRS complex indicate?
both right and left atrial depolarization
only left atrial depolarization
both left and right ventricle depolarization
both left and right ventricle repolarization
What are the layers of meninges going from superficial to deep?
pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater
dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
The nephron:
allows impulse to be sent along the neuron
transports urine to the bladder
is the basic functional unit of the kidney
supplies nutrition for the sperm
The proximal convoluted tubule primarily:
reabsorbs substances back into the blood
concentrates urine
secretes substances into the urine
makes hormones
The hormone that decreases plasma calcium levels preventing hypercalcemia by depositing excess calcium into the bones.
calcitonin
glucagon
thyroid hormone
parathyroid hormone
Which hormone acts on the distal convoluted tubule to decrease urine volume?
antidiuretic hormone
erythropoietin
aldosterone
insulin
The core body temperature is controlled by the:
thyroid
hypothalamus
parathyroid
cerebellum
Which is the correct order for the steps involved in the control of urination?
sphincter muscle opens, urine passes from ureter to bladder, bladder fills with urine until “trigger point”, bladder wall muscle contracts, urine passes from bladder to urethra
urine passes from ureter to bladder, bladder fills with urine until “trigger point”, bladder wall muscle contracts, sphincter muscle opens, urine passes from bladder to urethra
urine passes from urethra to bladder, bladder fills with urine until “trigger point”, bladder wall muscle contracts, sphincter muscle opens, urine passes from bladder to ureter
urine passes from ureter to bladder, bladder fills with urine until “trigger point”, sphincter muscle opens, bladder wall muscle contracts, urine passes from bladder to urethra
Which vessel is commonly used for venipuncture in the bird?
left subclavian vein
right subclavian vein
left jugular vein
right jugular vein
Preferred optimal temperature zone is:
being unable to generate heat
shedding of the skin
allows fetuses to develop inside the uterus
range of temperature that allows metabolic functions to occur
What is the glandular part of the avian digestive system?
crop
proventriculus
ventriculus
cecum
The most common location for venipuncture in lizards is:
ventral coccygeal vein
intracardiac
jugular
medial metatarsal
The shaft of a long bone consisting of compact bone and the medullary cavity is known as the:
periosteum
diaphysis
endosteum
epiphysis
The (a) of the equine hoof is a thick, triangular pad on the palmar/planter surface that pushes blood from the foot during weight-bearing.
In birds the middle ear consists of a single bone called:
sclerotic ring
columella
second fovea
rectus
Pick the correct response regarding avian respiration.
first inhalation air moves through the trachea to the posterior air sacs, on first exhalation the air moves from the posterior air sacs to the lungs, second inhalation moves the air in the lungs to the anterior air sacs, second exhalation moves the air from the anterior air sacs back into the trachea and out.
first inhalation the air moves through the trachea to the lungs, first exhalation the air moves from the lungs to the posterior air sacs, second inhalation moves air from the posterior air sacs to the anterior air sacs, second exhalation moves air into the trachea and back out.
first inhalation air moves air through the trachea to the posterior air sacs, first exhalation moves air from the posterior air sacs to the anterior air sacs, second inhalation moves the air from the anterior air sacs to the lungs, second expiration moves the air from the lungs back into the trachea and out.
What is the small region of the retina that has a high concentration of rods and cones which is the sharpest area for vision in birds?
fovea
pecten
chalazae
Bursa of Fabricius
The function of chorioallantoic membrane in the egg is to:
feed the developing embryo
protect the yolk from microorganisms and supply nutrients
hold the yolk in place
____ are WBC’s in the tissue with the main purpose of engulfing foreign substances (usually associated with more chronic inflammation).
macrophages
neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
Within the intestines the mucosa has finger-like projections to increase absorption. These projections are called:
rugae
microvilli
peristalsis
The kidney produces (a) to increase red blood cell production.
Because of what we know about the anatomy of a ruminant necropsy is performed with the animal in __________ so that the __________ is on the down side.
ventral recumbency; reticulum
dorsal recumbency; abomasum
right lateral recumbency; omasum
left lateral recumbency; rumen
The gland used by birds during preening that secretes a mixture of waxes, fatty acids, fat and water is called the:
apocrine gland
eccrine gland
uropygial gland
endocrine gland
The attachment sites between cardiac muscle cells are called:
dense bodies
sinoatrial nodes
cross bridges
intercalated disks
The nervous tissue in the eye, upon which the image is cast and converted to a bio-electrical signal is:
pupil
cornea
retina
lens
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by ________ and are apart of the nervous system:
renal medulla; reflex
adrenal medulla; sympathetic
renal cortex; central
adrenal cortex; parasympathetic
The thin transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball on the sclera and lines the interior surfaces of eyelids is known as what?
tapetum
lens
conjunctiva
pupil
Which of the following connective tissues is tightly packed with parallel collagen fibers in which we find in tendons, ligaments, and fascia?
dense regular fibrous
reticular tissue
dense irregular fibrous tissue
areolar tissue
The pleural and peritoneal cavities are lined with what type of membranes?
(a)
What is the structure that allows the image to get focused on the nervous tissue of the eye?
pupil
cornea
lens
choroid
The distinct bands of the tunica muscularis on the equine large intestine that assists in mixing and kneading of ingesta are called:
haustra
tenia
flexures
rugae
What is the main job of the Kupffer cells?
to eliminate and degrade substances brought into the liver
to increase digestive enzymes in the stomach
to eliminate and degrade substances brought into the spleen
to increase digestive enzymes in the intestines
What are the bones of the middle ear?
incus, stapes, malleus
chochlea and the organ of Corti
utricle, saccule, otoliths
semicircular canal and ampula
Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast
chondrocyte
In the female reproductive system, what hormone is produced by the corpus luteum that develops from the empty follicles after ovulation?
progesterone
testosterone
estrogen
oxytocin
The transfer of antibodies across the placenta before birth is called:
active natural immunity
active artificial immunity
passive natural immunity
passive artificial immunity
Which of the following cell structures produces energy for cellular functions?
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
mitochondria
ribosomes
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration.
(a)
