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Final Chapters Review 1010C

Total questions: 72

Worksheet time: 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the one characteristic that distinguishes living things from nonliving matter?

a)

Ability to respond to stimuli

b)

Ability to maintain homeostasis

c)

Ability to grow and develop

d)

Ability to produce more of their own kind

2.

What is the function of most cell division?

a)

Embryonic development

b)

Renewal and repair of cells

c)

Distribution of identical genetic material

d)

Production of gametes

3.

What is a genome?

a)

A number of DNA molecules

b)

All the DNA in a cell

c)

A single DNA molecule

d)

A complex of DNA and protein

4.

What is the role of cohesins in cell division?

a)

Attach sister chromatids along their lengths

b)

Separate sister chromatids during anaphase

c)

Package DNA into chromosomes

d)

Shorten microtubules during cytokinesis

5.

What is the purpose of the mitotic spindle?

a)

Trigger cell division

b)

Separate sister chromatids during anaphase

c)

Package DNA into chromosomes

d)

Control chromosome movement during mitosis

6.

What is the role of MPF in the cell cycle?

a)

Triggers passage into the M phase

b)

Controls DNA replication

c)

Stimulates cell growth

d)

Regulates cell density

7.

What is the purpose of the G1 checkpoint?

a)

Stops cell division when growth factors are depleted

b)

Ensures proper attachment of chromosomes

c)

Checks for DNA damage

d)

Determines if the cell will enter the cell cycle

8.

What is the characteristic of cancer cells?

a)

Exhibit density-dependent inhibition

b)

Escape normal cell cycle controls

c)

Undergo transformation into benign tumors

d)

Require growth factors to divide

9.

What is the process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body?

a)

Binary fission

b)

Metastasis

c)

Transformation

d)

Cytokinesis

10.

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Telophase

11.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

Topoisomerase

12.

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA?

a)

G1 phase

b)

S phase

c)

G2 phase

d)

M phase

13.

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a)

Mitosis results in diploid cells, while meiosis results in haploid cells.

b)

Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells, while meiosis occurs in prokaryotic cells.

c)

Mitosis involves one cell division, while meiosis involves two rounds of cell division.

d)

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.

14.

What is the term for programmed cell death?

a)

Necrosis

b)

Apoptosis

c)

Autophagy

d)

Senescence

15.

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the formation of two new nuclei?

a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Telophase

16.

What is the role of centrioles in cell division?

a)

They help in the formation of the mitotic spindle

b)

They help in DNA replication

c)

They help in the formation of the cell membrane

d)

They help in the formation of the nuclear envelope

17.

What is the function of the enzyme telomerase in cancer cells?

a)

It helps in DNA replication

b)

It helps in cell division

c)

It helps in the formation of the cell membrane

d)

It maintains the length of telomeres, allowing cancer cells to divide indefinitely

18.

Which cellular process is responsible for the 'proofreading' of DNA during replication?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA polymerase editing function

d)

RNA splicing

19.

What is the significance of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

a)

It checks for the presence of growth factors.

b)

It ensures that all chromosomes are properly replicated.

c)

It assesses if the cell has adequate size and energy reserves.

d)

It confirms the attachment of spindle fibers.

20.

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and produce the proteins necessary for mitosis?

a)

G1 phase

b)

S phase

c)

G2 phase

d)

M phase

21.

What is the scientific term that refers to sex cells?

a)

autosome

b)

gamete

c)

karyotype

d)

chromosome

22.

This term refers to half the normal chromosome number

a)

haploid

b)

2N

c)

diploid

d)

3N

23.

The stage of meiosis where crossing over or the exchange of genetic information happens between pairs of chromosomes

a)

Prophase II

b)

Telophase I

c)

Metaphase II

d)

Prophase I

24.

This term refers to the production of gametes by organisms that reproduce sexually

a)

mitosis

b)

binary fission

c)

meiosis

d)

cloning

25.

The exchange of genetic information that insures that every gamete is unique is referred to as

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

reduction division

d)

crossing over

26.

All sperm and egg cells are genetically identical.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

27.

The term that refers to a cell that has its full or complete number of chromosomes is

a)

diploid

b)

N

c)

gamete

d)

haplpoid

28.

Crossing over happens when part of the genetic information of one chromosome switches places with the genetic information from another chromosome. Another term for this process is

a)

genetic recombination

b)

genetic reduction

c)

a mutation

d)

nondisjunction

29.

Name the stage: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

30.

Name the stage: two nuclei are formed enclosed by nuclear membranes

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

31.

Sea turtles have 56 chromosome in their somatic cells. How many chromosomes are in their gametes?

a)

28

b)

56

c)

112

d)

46

32.

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Glucose

d)

Guanine

e)

Cytosine

33.

Which of the following will pair with Adenine?

a)

Guanine

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

34.

Where is Eukaryotic DNA generally located?

a)

In the cytoplasm

b)

In the nucleus

c)

In space

35.

What is the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication

a)

glucose

b)

fructose

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Lactase

36.
Who were the first guys to build a model of a DNA molecule?
a)
Larry, Moe, and Curley Joe
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Watson and Holmes
d)
Superman and Batman
37.

The backbone of a DNA molecule is made from a 5 carbon ______________ and a _______________ group.

a)

lipid, carbon

b)

sugar, phosphate

c)

nitrogen, oxygen

d)

nitrogen, sulfur

38.
What are the four nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
b)
adenine, lysine, prolene, guanine
c)
arganine, cytosine, lysine, purine
d)
lysine, cytosine, lucine, guanine
39.
The shape of the DNA molecule is a double __________________?
a)
"S"
b)
helix
c)
rope
d)
curve
40.
The sugar in DNA is ?
a)
sucrose
b)
glucose
c)
deoxyribose
d)
fructose
41.
When DNA makes a copy of itself, the new strands are identical or different?
a)
identical
b)
different
42.
What kind of information does DNA carry?
a)
genetic
b)
nuclear
c)
cell structure
d)
it doesn't carry any info
43.

DNA makes a copy of itself in a process called ________________________________?

a)

translation

b)

replication

c)

transcription

d)

division

44.
What are the building blocks for DNA?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleotides
c)
lipids
d)
proteins
45.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
46.
synthesizes a short fragment of RNA that allows DNA polymerase III to bind
a)
ligase
b)
DNA polymerase I
c)
primase
d)
helicase
47.
removes the RNA primer and adds DNA nucleotides to fill in the gap
a)
DNA polymerase III
b)
ligase
c)
primase
d)
DNA polymerase I
48.

direction new nucleotides are synthesized on the new strand

a)

5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)

b)

3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)

c)

3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)

d)

5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)

49.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

a)

sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base

b)

sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base

c)

sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

d)

sugar, phosphate, protein

50.
A three base code for an amino acid is called a/an
a)
nucleotide
b)
deoxyribose sugar
c)
codon
d)
phosphate
51.
Any change in the DNA is called a/an
a)
mistake
b)
exon
c)
mutation
d)
intron
52.
Where does mRNA meet up with tRNA to translate the code into amino acids?
a)
ribosome
b)
nucleus
c)
cytoplasm
d)
ribose sugar
53.
T1 - In Mendel's monohybrid cross of a purebred white-flowered plant and a purebred purple-flowered plant, the F1 generation
a)
showed only the dominant trait
b)
showed only the recessive trait
c)
did not receive any recessive alleles
d)
remained purebred
54.
T2 - The Law of Segregation explains why, if you start with 46 choromosomes, Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?
a)
44
b)
22
c)
46
d)
23
55.
T2 - An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
a)
recessive allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
hidden allele
d)
present allele
56.
T2 - Which law states that organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene and donate one to their offspring
a)
law of independent assortment
b)
law of segregation
c)
law of genetic linkage
d)
law of inheritance
57.
T2 - Which observation of dihybrid crosses led to Mendel's law of independent assortment
a)
Particular individual traits persisted for many generations
b)
Many combinations of traits were always inherited together
c)
Some combinations of traits were not passed onto offspring
d)
The presence of one trait didn't affect the presence of another
58.
T3 - Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
T
59.
T3 - What is a phenotype?
a)
The expression of a trait; physical appearance.
b)
refers to the genetic makeup of an individual
c)
An organism that has the same genes for a trait (ex. TT or tt)
d)
the passing of traits from parent to offspring
60.
T3 - having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
61.
T3 - Which of the following is a genotype?
a)
long hair
b)
blue eyes
c)
Gg
d)
tall
62.
T3 - What does heterozygous mean?
a)
An organism that has the same alleles for a trait (TT or tt)
b)
An organism that has different alleles for a trait (Tt)
c)
When neither allele is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
d)
the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red
63.

Red flowers (R) are dominant over white flowers (r). Select the genotypes that would produce red flowers.

a)

RR

b)

Rr

c)

rr

d)

Rw

64.

Green peas plants (G) are dominant over yellow pea plants (g). What genotype(s) would produce a yellow pea plant?

a)

GG

b)

Gg

c)

gg

d)

Gy

65.
B=brown eyes
b= blue eyes
What is true about two brothers that have brown eyes?
One has genotype BB the other Bb.
a)
they have same phenotype and genotype
b)
they have different genotypes and phenotypes
c)
they have same phenotype but different genotypes
d)
they have same genotype but different phenotypes
66.
Mendel's law of segregation states that during meiosis, the alleles that control each trait separate, and only _________________ from each pair is/are passed to the offspring
a)
one allele
b)
the dominant trait
c)
two alleles
d)
the recessive trait
67.

This type of inheritance pattern is a MIXTURE of two traits. This is known as ---

a)

incomplete dominance.

b)

codominance

68.

A long-haired female rabbit and a short-haired male rabbit produced this offspring with a medium-length coat:

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Complete dominance

69.

When one allele is not dominant over the other, resulting in both traits expressed in a heterozygous individual.....

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

70.
How are Incomplete Dominance and Co Dominance different than a normal Mendelian cross?
a)
There is no difference
b)
The heterozygous genotype has a unique phenotype
c)
There is no heterozygous genotype
d)
There is only one phenotype regardless of genotype.
71.
This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
dominant pattern
72.
Snap dragon color is a incomplete dominant trait.  A red flower (RR) is crossed with white flower (rr)? What color are flowers that are Rr?
a)
Red
b)
Red and White
c)
White
d)
Pink

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