WorksheetsAQA A-Level Biology CH4. Cell Structure (includes RPA Qns)
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 21mins
Give 2 (two) functions of the cell-surface membrane.
prevents the cell from changing shape
regulate movement of substances into and out of the cell
supports the structure of the cell
respond to chemicals like hormones
The diagram is of a cell nucleus. Name the structures labelled A
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
chromatin
nuclear pore
The diagram is of a cell nucleus. Name the structures labelled B
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
chromatin
nuclear pore
The diagram is of a cell nucleus. Name the structures labelled C
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
chromatin
nuclear pore
The diagram is of a cell nucleus. Name the structures labelled D
nuclear envelope
nucleolus
chromatin
nuclear pore
Describe the function of the nucleus.
helps with the packing and modifying of proteins
controls the substances that move into and out of the cell
controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA
helps in the separation of the spindle fibres that separate the chromosomes during cell division
Describe the appearance of the Golgi apparatus.
group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs
double membrane with pores
double membrane with stacks of thylakoid known as granum each sub-connected by lamella
flattened sacs covered in ribosomes
What are the functions of a lysosome?
to digest invading cells
creates a layer of slime that helps protect bacteria cells from attack
contains hydrolytic enzymes used to digest and destroy old organelles
help make and transport hormones
Function - it synthesis and processes lipids. What is this organelle?
(a)
What is an organ system?
group of different tissues work together to perform a particular function
group of different organs work together to perform a particular function
group of cells work together to perform a particular function
all of these answers
Name one organelle you would expect to find in a lot of cardiac muscle cells
(a)
Where is murein used in prokaryotic cells?
cell membrane
cell wall
slime capsule
flagellum
Name the process by which prokaryotic cells reproduce.
(a)
What is a capsid?
supports the cell, prevents it from changing shape
helps protect the bacteria cell from attack by cells of the immune system
long hair like structure that rotates to make a prokaryotic cell move
protein coat that surrounds the the core genetic material in a virus
Murein is a (a) (a protein with a carbohydrate attached)
What is the role of viral attachment proteins?
they allow a virus to attach to specific host cells, which have the complementary receptor protein
they allow a virus to attach to other viruses to create a super virus
virus do not have these attachment proteins as they have no cell-surface membrane structures
none of these responses
use: real size = image size ÷ magnication
The cell membrane can also be described as a ...
Single lipid layer
Phospholipid bilayer
Double line membrane
Line going around the edge of a cell
The inner membrane of a mitochondria is highly folded into structures called....
Cristae
Matrix
Zig zag bits
The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell
The difference between the SER and the RER is...
The RER has ribosomes and the SER does not
The SER is in the south of the cell, the RER is in the north
RER hasn't got any Mitochondria SER does
SER is rough, and the RER is smooth
The golgi body secretes substances out of cells using ...
Will power
Magic
Osmosis
Vesicles
Which has a higher magnification?
Optical Microscope
Electron Microscope
What type of microscope would you use to study a lysosome?
Electron Microscope
Optical Microscope
What is an example of a microscope artefact?
bits of dust
air bubbles
fingerprints
the specimen
What is a microscope artefact?
a piece of an old microscope that has been found after being buried for a long period of time
an item that is not part of the specimen you are trying to observe
the specimen being used to study under the microscope
Which are advantages of SEM?
can be used on thick specimens
gives high resolutions images, so shows small objects
can be a 3D image
can be a 2D image
What are the disadvantages of TEM?
give lower resolution images
can only be used on thin specimens
can only be used on non-living specimens
can only be used on live specimens
Give to ways homogenisation for cell fractionation is done.
use a whisk to grind up the cells
use a blender to grind up the cells
vibrating the cells
using ice-cold buffer solution to cool the cells
In what stage of the cell cycle does all the DNA unravel?
Interphase
G1
G2
M
What is happening during the G1 section of the cell cycle?
cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
cell replicates its DNA, ready to divide by mitosis
cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made
the cell divides to form two genetically identical cells.
What is happening during the G2 section of the cell cycle?
cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
cell replicates its DNA, ready to divide by mitosis
cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made
the cell divides to form two genetically identical cells.
What is happening during the S section of the cell cycle?
cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made
cell replicates its DNA, ready to divide by mitosis
cell keeps growing and proteins needed for cell division are made
the cell divides to form two genetically identical cells.
A scientist observes a section of growing tissue under the microscope. He counts 100 cells undergoing mitosis. Of those, 10 cells are in metaphase. One complete cell cycle of the tissue lasts 15 hours. How long do the cells spend in metaphase.
50 mins
70 mins
90 mins
I have no idea how to calculate this.
A scientist is looking at a tisue sample under a microscope. She counts 150 cells undergoing mitosis. Of those, 12 cells are in prophase. One complete cell cycle of the tissue lasts 0.70 days. How long do the cells spend in prophase?
1.3 hours
2.0 hours
1.6 hours
16.8 hours
(RPA2) A student prepared a stained squash slide of cells from a root tip, in order to investigate mitosis. Why was it necessary for the student to add a stain?
added to the cell in order for activate the chromosomes to condense and be seen during mitosis
to make the chromosomes easier to see under the microscope
to destroy all the nuclear membrane so the chromosomes are released into the cytoplasm
you do not add a stain as it destroys the chromosomes so they cannot be seen
(RPA2) A student prepared a stained squash slide of cells from a root tip, in order to investigate mitosis. Describe how the student should have squashed the tissue on the slide to avoid damaging the chromosomes.
add a cover slip and place a book on top to squash the cover slip and slide together
add a cover slip and gently squeeze together
add a cover slip
add a cover slip and use your foot to gently press the slide and coverslip together
(RPA2) What does the mitotic index mean? And what is the formula to calculate the mitotic index?
the proportion of cells in a tissue sample that are not undergoing mitosis
the proportion of cells in a tissue sample that are undergoing mitosis
mitotic index = number of cells with invisible chromosomes / total number of cells observed
mitotic index = total number of cells observed / number of cells with invisible chromosomes
mitotic index = number of cells with visible chromosomes / total number of cells observed
(RPA2) Name the stain used in the practical that investigates mitosis.
(a)
(RPA2) A clinical scientist was analysing a tissue sample from a patient. He observed 750 cells and found that 207 of them had visible chromosomes. Calculate the mitotic index for this tissue sample.
(a)
(RPA2) What does an abnormally high mitotic index suggest could be occurring in the tissue sample?
the tissue might be undergoing repair or be cancerous
cells are undergoing apoptosis
the organism is growing at a high rate - therefore cell division is at a high rate
the cells division process has been interrupted via a external factor which has caused the chromosomes to become 'frozen'
(RPA2) In the investigating mitosis practical - why do you place the root tip in Hydrochloric Acid?
breaks down the nucleus within the cell of the sample which provides easier access to view the chromosome.
The acids helps to separate the cells therefore there will not be overlapping when the cells are viewed on the microscopic slide
The acid hydrolyses the middle lamella, allowing the stain to diffuse into the cells and enabling the tissue to be squashed into a layer one cell thick
you would never use hydrochloric acid in this experiment as it would destroy the sample we are trying to observe
