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Hydrology Final Exam Review

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What percentage of all water on Earth is salt water?

a)

97.4%

b)

85%

c)

15%

d)

2.6%

2.

What is condensation?

a)

Condensation is the process of water vapor cooling and condensing into clouds

b)

Condensation is the process of liquid water droplets heating up and turning into water vapor

c)

Condensation is the process of water falling from the sky

d)

Condensation is the process of water sinking into the ground

3.

What is evaporation?

a)

Evaporation is the process of liquid water droplets heating up and turning into water vapor

b)

Evaporation is the process of water vapor cooling and condensing into clouds

c)

Evaporation is the process of water falling from the sky

d)

Evaporation is the process of water sinking into the ground

4.

If you were walking from the beach into the ocean, what is the order of ocean floor features you would experience?

a)

Continental shelf, continental slope, and then continental rise

b)

Continental slope, continental rise, and then continental shelf

c)

Continental rise, continental shelf, and then continental slope

d)

Continental shelf, continental rise, and then continental slope

5.

What is the difference between seamounts and volcanic islands?

a)

Seamounts are completely underwater and volcanic islands have peaks above water

b)

Seamounts have peaks above water and volcanic islands are completely underwater

c)

Seamounts are made up of igneous rocks and volcanic islands are made up of sedimentary rocks

d)

Seamounts are made up of sedimentary rocks and volcanic islands are made up of igneous rocks

6.

What are two factors that affect density?

a)

Temperature and salinity

b)

Pressure and temperature

c)

Color and salinity

d)

Pressure and color

7.

Which of the following would be the most dense?

a)

Cold Saltwater

b)

Warm Saltwater

c)

Cold Freshwater

d)

Warm Freshwater

8.

What do waves carry?

a)

Energy, not objects

b)

Rubber duckies

c)

Fish

d)

Objects, not energy

9.

What is an effect of currents?

a)

Currents carry water of different temperatures which affects the climate of an area

b)

Currents erode beaches

c)

Currents wash seashells and other objects onto the shore

d)

Currents cause wind

10.

What are tides caused by?

a)

The rotation of Earth and Earth’s gravity

b)

The movement of the plates on the ocean floor and shelf

c)

The gravitational pull and interaction of the Earth, Moon, and Sun

d)

Strong winds that blow over ocean waters for short periods of time

11.

What are tides caused by?

a)

The rotation of Earth and Earth’s gravity

b)

The movement of the plates on the ocean floor and shelf

c)

The gravitational pull and interaction of the Earth, Moon, and Sun

d)

Strong winds that blow over ocean waters for short periods of time

12.

What do you think Cindy can do to help her family conserve the most water?

a)

Purchase a toilet that uses 50% less water

b)

Install a showerhead that uses 50% less water

c)

Use a washing machine that uses 50% less water

d)

Washing her hands longer than she normally would

13.

What source of energy below is the most important in driving the water cycle?

a)

Geothermal energy changes water to steam so condensation can occur

b)

Sunlight heats up Earth's surface water creating the process of evaporation

c)

Wind helps change surface water into water vapor during the process of evaporation

d)

Gravity is necessary to pull water downhill when it rains thus allowing water to flow into rivers and streams

14.

A student takes a bottle of cold water from the refrigerator and leaves it on the counter. Ten minutes later, the student noticed there is now water on the outside of the bottle. What scientific phenomenon explains the water on the outside of the bottle?

a)

Condensation because the temperature of the air nearest the bottle increased causing water droplets to form

b)

Condensation because the temperature of the air nearest the bottle decreased causing the water droplets to form

c)

Evaporation because the temperature of the air nearest the bottle increased causing the water droplets to form

d)

Evaporation because the temperature of the air nearest he bottle decreased causing the water droplets to form

15.

Lab partners are designing an experiment that shows the important steps of the water cycle. For their experimental design, which of the following procedures could best be used to demonstrate the difference between condensation and evaporation?

a)

To show condensation- increase the temperature within the cycle; to show evaporation-decrease the temperature

b)

To show condensation- decrease the temperature within the cycle; to show evaporation- increase the temperature

c)

To show condensation- maintain a constant temperature within the cycle; to show evaporation- increase the temperature

d)

To show condensation- maintain a constant temperature within the cycle; to show evaporation-decrease the temperature

16.

Refer to the diagram below of a student's lab setup of the water cycle. In this experiment, the total amount of water inside the container is measured at the beginning and then again after a full cycle has occurred.


Which of the following best predicts the outcome of the experiment and explains why?

a)

The beginning amount of water in the container would be less than the ending amount of water in the container because the water evaporated, decreasing the water level.

b)

The beginning amount of water in the container would be more than ending amount of water in the container because the process of condensation increases the water level.

c)

The beginning and ending amounts of water in the container would be equal because the water that was evaporated increased the water level but then came back as precipitation which decreased the water level again

d)

The beginning and ending amounts of water in the container would be equal because the water that was evaporated decreased the water level but then came back as precipitation which increased the water level again.

17.

Which of the following questions can best be answered by the data presented in the chart.

a)

What are the types of sea water?

b)

How does sea water differ from fresh water?

c)

Which "other" elements make up sea water?

d)

Which two salt elements are the most abundant in seawater?

18.

Use the diagram above to answer the question.

Which of the following questions can BEST be answered by the data presented in the graph above?

a)

Is there a direct relationship between the density and salinity of ocean water?

b)

Is there an indirect relationship between the density and salinity of ocean water?

c)

Does the density of ocean water increase over time?

d)

Does the salinity of ocean water increase over time?

19.

A student was studying the ocean floor topography and began to question how pressure and temperature would differ at each feature.

What conclusions can she draw about ocean floor features F and G?

a)

Feature F is an ocean trench while Feature G is a continental shelf, which has more pressure than the ocean trench because there are more water molecules above it and a lower temperature because the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters to warm it.

b)

Feature F is a continental shelf while Feature G is a deep ocean trench, which has more pressure than the continental shelf because there are more water molecules above it and a lower temperature because the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters to warm it.

c)

Feature F is an abyssal plain, while Feature G is a mid-ocean ridge, which has more pressure than the ocean trench because there are more water molecules above it and a lower temperature because the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters to warm it.

d)

Feature F is a mid-ocean ridge, while Feature G is an abyssal plain, which has more pressure than the continental shelf because there are more water molecules above it and a lower temperature because the sun cannot penetrate its deep waters to warm it.

20.

Which factor Mostly causes waves?

a)

The wind

b)

The moon

c)

Earthquakes

d)

The Coriolis Effect

21.

The diagram illustrates two types of currents are found in ocean waters.


Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why oceans have two types of currents?

a)

Surface currents are caused by wind whereas deep currents are caused by differences in density.

b)

Surface currents are caused by differences in density whereas deep currents are caused by wind.

c)

Surface currents are caused by temperature differences whereas deep currents are caused by changes in salinity.

d)

Surface currents are caused by changes in salinity whereas deep currents are caused by changes in temperature

22.

High and low tides occur twice daily at regular intervals.

Using the diagram, which of the following letters indicates where high tide is occurring and best explains why?

a)

Letters B and D indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the Coriolis Effect.

b)

Letters A and B indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the strong winds blowing across the oceans.

c)

Letters C and D indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the gravitational pull between the Earth and the moon

d)

Letters A and C indicate high tides, where the tidal bulges would occur because of the gravitational pull of the moon.

23.

The graph shows the distribution of water on Earth's surface.


What can be concluded from the image?

a)

Most of the freshwater on Earth is found in oceans

b)

Most of the water available on Earth is not drinkable

c)

Most of the water available on Earth is drinkable

d)

Most of the freshwater on Earth is found as groundwater

24.

Where does most of the water evaporation on Earth come from?

a)

Transpiring plants

b)

Rivers

c)

Oceans

d)

Surface Lakes

25.

Which part of the ocean would have the lowest salinity?

a)

In areas near melting glaciers

b)

In areas where there is little rainfall

c)

In areas near the equator

d)

In areas with the highest temperatures

26.

Where is most of the Earth's freshwater located?

a)

In the ocean

b)

In icecaps and glaciers

c)

In rivers and streams

d)

In aquifers

27.

Why are water conservation and pollution control important for future generations?

a)

Waste and pollution will lead to less rainfall over land.

b)

Waste will lead to less water in the oceans, rivers, and lakes.

c)

Pollution will cause an increase in tourism in beach communities.

d)

Pollution and waste will lead to a shortage of clean water for human use.

28.

Which of the following characteristics alters the density of ocean water?

a)

Temperature and wave speed

b)

Salinity and Temperature

c)

Wave speed and wave size

d)

Wave size and salinity

29.

What is the continuous chain of underwater mountains, formed by a divergent boundary?

a)

continental shelf

b)

continental slope

c)

abyssal plain

d)

mid-ocean ridge

30.

What makes the currents in the Northern Hemisphere CURVE to the right?

a)

longshore drift

b)

density

c)

Coriolis Effect

d)

moon's gravity

31.

How does a straight alignment between Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the tides on Earth?

a)

It produces the greatest changes in tidal range

b)

It produces neap tides

c)

It produces the least change in tidal range

d)

It produces diurnal tides

32.

If the first HIGH tide of the day occurs at 1:00AM, when will the next HIGH tide occur?

a)

7:00am

b)

1:00pm

c)

7:00pm

d)

1:00am the next day

33.

As human population increases exponentially, what happens to the amount of freshwater?

a)

it increases

b)

it decreases

c)

it stabilizes

d)

it increases then decreases

34.
Water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises and cools, condenses into rain or snow, and falls again to the surface in many forms of ___________.
a)
precipitation
b)
evaporation
c)
condensation
d)
transpiration
35.
The cycling of water in and out of the __________________ (lowest layer of the atmosphere) is a significant aspect of the weather patterns on Earth.
a)
ozone layer
b)
mountains
c)
troposphere
d)
toilet
36.
___________________ provides the energy that evaporates water from the surface of Earth.
a)
food
b)
heat
c)
gravity
d)
Sunlight
37.
Some of the water vapor comes from the continents, but most comes from the _________.
a)
oceans
b)
lakes
c)
rivers
d)
sweat
38.
Winds carry the water _________ from the ocean over the continents. Part of the water vapor condenses into clouds, then falls as rain or snow.
a)
bubbles
b)
vapor
c)
balloons
d)
seeds
39.
Some of the rain returns to the ocean from rivers and streams as runoff. Some seeps into the ground through a process called ____________to later percolate and become groundwater.
a)
transpiration
b)
evaporation
c)
infiltration
d)
precipitation
40.
Some returns to the air by evaporation from the ground or by _________________ from plant leaves.
a)
condensation
b)
percolation
c)
infiltration
d)
transpiration
41.
When runoff from the continents returns to the ocean, one turn of the _______ cycle is completed. Other routes are possible. For example, water that evaporates from the ocean can return to the ocean as rain.
a)
water
b)
rock
c)
butterfly
d)
cloud
42.
The water cycle never _________. The salt water of the ocean supplies fresh water to the continents over and over again.
a)
sleeps
b)
ends
c)
slows
d)
speeds up
43.
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and _______________.
a)
wind speed
b)
wind direction
c)
place
d)
cloud cover
44.
A complete description of the ______________ includes the amount and type of clouds. Rain, snow, thunderstorms, lightning, and even dust storms. Measurements of temperature, air pressure, wind speed and direction, and the amount of moisture in the air are also included in a description.
a)
climate
b)
air pressure
c)
high's
d)
weather
45.
Weather is studied and predicted by scientists called __________________. To understand and predict the weather, meteorologist must first understand how the atmosphere heats and cools, how clouds form and produce rain, and what makes the wind blow.
a)
Meteorologists
b)
astronomers
c)
biologists
d)
chemists
46.
__________________ is the study of the entire atmosphere, including the weather.
a)
biology
b)
Meteorology
c)
hydrology
d)
geometry
47.
 When water vapor changes to liquid water 
a)
evaporation
b)
 condensation
c)
humidity
d)
precipitation
48.
. The flat area of the ocean basin is called the
a)
Ocean floor
b)
The Abyss
c)
Continental rise
d)
Abyssal Plain
49.
Why is most of Earths freshwater is not available for human use.  
a)
because it's in the ground
b)
because it's frozen in ice caps and glaciers
c)
because of pollution
d)
because of global warmin
50.
What percent of Earth’s water is freshwater 
a)
1%
b)
2%
c)
3%
d)
5%
51.
What is Salinity? 
a)
how much salt is in any given liquid
b)
salt on the rocks
c)
how much salt is in takis
52.
The edges of the continents slopes down from the shore into the ocean
a)
continental rise
b)
continental slope
c)
continental shelf
53.
What causes deep ocean currents?
a)
moon's gravitational pull
b)
temperature, density, salinity
c)
wind
54.
27.  What area of the ocean floor would have the greatest amount of pressure being exerted? 
a)
trench
b)
Rift Valley
c)
seamount
55.
 What are mid ocean ridges and why are they important? 
a)
volcanic islands that are still active
b)
underwater mountain range that creates new sea floor
c)
Part of the Himalayan mountain range
56.
How do clouds form? 
a)
smoke from factories
b)
when condensation near land freezes
c)
when water vapor condenses and cools 
57.
What gives the water cycle its energy 
a)
sun
b)
moon
c)
fire
d)
ice
58.
The steep slope where the continental shelf drops to the bottom of the ocean floor
a)
continental shelf
b)
continental slope
c)
continental rise
d)
continental breakfast
59.
 What is the most abundant (most common) salt in the ocean? 
a)
sodium
b)
chloride
c)
sulfate
d)
other
60.
What is the Coriolis effect and why is it important in understanding surface currents? 
a)
earth's rotation that causes currents in the northern hemisphere counterclockwise and southern hemisphere currents to move  clockwise
b)
earth's rotation that causes currents in the northern hemisphere to move clockwise and southern hemisphere currents to move counter clockwise
61.
This is when water falls back down to the earth as rain, hail, sleet or snow
a)
partnership
b)
promotion
c)
precipitation
d)
participation
62.
What percent of Earth’s water is saltwater 
a)
79%
b)
98%
c)
3%
d)
97%
63.
This occurs when there is an abundance of water vapor suspended in the air
a)
frost
b)
heat
c)
humidity
d)
dew
64.
What happens to pressure as you go deeper into the ocean? 
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
d)
doubles
65.
What part of the water cycle does this picture show?
a)
condensation
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
66.
Which of these is an example of precipitation?
a)
snow
b)
air
c)
clouds
d)
vapor
67.
A giant wave
a)
surfing wave
b)
breaker
c)
tsunami
d)
crest
68.
What is the next stage after EVAPORATION in the water cycle?
a)
CONDENSTATION
b)
GROUNDWATER
69.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
70.
What is an underground layer of rock or soil filled with water called?
a)
Aquifer
b)
Spring
c)
Well
d)
Reservoir
71.
Snow, sleet, hail, and rain are all examples of  ________________. 
a)
evaporation
b)
condensation
c)
accumulation
d)
precipitation
72.
Label A
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
73.
Label C
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
74.
Label E
a)
continental slope
b)
volcanic island
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
75.
Label F
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
76.
the deep flat land of the ocean floor
a)
abyssal plain
b)
rift
77.
When we go to beach, we are allowed to go on ____________
a)
continental slope
b)
continental shelf
c)
abyssal plain
d)
sea mount
78.
Seamount is similar to...
a)
a volcanic island
b)
a small mountain or volcano
c)
The Great Plains
d)
The Grand Canyon
79.

What percentage of Earth is covered with water?

a)

80%

b)

60%

c)

71%

d)

70%

80.

Ways to conserve energy

a)

Turn off the tap while brushing teeth

b)

Fix your leaks

c)

Cut your showers short

d)

All of the above

81.

What are the two abundant elements found in ocean water?

a)

Chloride and Sodium

b)

Oxygen and Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen and Sodium

d)

Nitrogen and Chloride

82.

Name two factors that increase salinity

a)

Evaporation and freezing

b)

Near the mouth of river and freezing

c)

Condensation and Precipitation

d)

Evaporation and melting

83.

Name two factors that decrease the salinity level

a)

Near the surface and at the equator

b)

Near the surface and at the poles

c)

At the surface and at the poles

d)

At the surface and at the equator

84.

Explain how convection currents allow ocean surface currents to flow around the globe.

a)

Warm water rises, cool water sinks

b)

Warm water rises, warm water sinks

c)

Cool water rises, cool water sinks

d)

Cool water rises, cool water sinks

85.
Why is most of Earths freshwater is not available for human use.  
a)
because it's in the ground
b)
because it's frozen in ice caps and glaciers
c)
because of pollution
d)
because of global warmin
86.
The edges of the continents slopes down from the shore into the ocean
a)
continental rise
b)
continental slope
c)
continental shelf
87.

The amount of water on Earth has_____________________, in the last billion years.

a)

Decreased

b)

Increased

c)

Stayed the same

d)

Doubled

88.

Rank the fresh water that is available for humans to drink from greatest to least.

a)

streams, rivers, lakes, oceans

b)

groundwater, lakes, rivers

c)

groundwater, rivers, lakes

d)

ocean, glaciers, groundwater

89.

Trying to roll a ball straight across a turning merry-go-round is a demonstration of what happens to global winds and surface currents, causing them to curve. What do scientists call this phenomenon?

a)

Revolution of the planet.

b)

Rotation of the planet.

c)

Plate Tectonics

d)

Coriolis Effect

90.

What water cycle process is represented by the water droplets hanging from the cling film?

a)

The process of transpiration

b)

The process of evaporation

c)

The process of sublimation

d)

The process of condensation

91.

What water cycle process is represented by the water drops falling into the small bowl?

a)

The process of condensation

b)

The process of transpiration

c)

The process of precipitation

d)

The process of evaporation

92.

If you measure the amount of water inside of the container at the beginning and the end of this experiment what will happen to the amount of water inside?

a)

More water will be added from the ice cubes melting.

b)

Less water will be inside because some will evaporate.

c)

The same amount of water will be inside since the water can not escape through the plastic wrap.

d)

All of the water will leak out of the bottom

93.

Use the pie chart above identifying ways that Georgia could use less water from the Chattahoochee River.


Which conservation methods would likely have the greatest impact on reducing the amount of water that Georgia needs to use from the Chattahoochee River?

a)

Washing full loads of laundry and dishes.

b)

Watering plants and lawns wisely along with taking shorter showers.

c)

Installing low-flow or no-flow toilets and turning off faucets while brushing teeth.

d)

Taking shorter baths and using paper plates instead of washing dishes.

94.

As you go deeper in the ocean, what happens to temperature, salinity, pressure, density and light?

a)

They all decrease

b)

They all increase

c)

They all increase except for light which decreases

d)

They all decrease except for light which increases

95.

Which location in the diagram above is most likely to have the greatest pressure, the coldest temperature and the greatest density?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

96.
Which of these is an example of precipitation?
a)
snow
b)
air
c)
clouds
d)
vapor
97.
Which best explains why runoff is important?
a)
It returns water to other locations on Earth
b)
It increases the chance of flooding
c)
It makes evaporation occur faster
d)
It increases condensation
98.
Which stages does liquid water from the ocean turn into water vapor?
a)
condesantion
b)
evaporation
c)
precipitation
d)
run off
99.
Which stage does ground water try to return to the ocean or soak into the ground?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
precipitation
d)
run off
100.
What is C?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
101.
What is B?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
102.
What is      D?
a)
Evaporation
b)
Condensation
c)
Precipitation
d)
Runoff
103.
The supply of freshwater under the Earth's surface.
a)
watershed
b)
mouth
c)
headwaters
d)
groundwater
104.
What is the hydrosphere?
a)
Water on the earth's surface
b)
Oceans of the Earth
c)
Rivers, oceans and lakes of the Earth
d)
None of the above
105.
____________ is the name for water that flows off of land forms back into the ocean. 
a)
transpiration
b)
run off
c)
condensing
d)
snowmelt
106.

Put the Earth's water sources in order from GREATEST to LEAST.

a)

Water Vapor, Lakes and Rivers, Groundwater, Glaciers, Oceans

b)

Oceans, Glaciers, Groundwater, Lakes and Rivers, Water Vapor

c)

Oceans, Lakes and Rivers, Glaciers, Oceans, Water Vapor

d)

Lakes and Rivers, Oceans, Water Vapor, Groundwater, Glaciers

107.

Which of these oceans contains the mid-ocean ridge?

a)

Pacific

b)

Atlantic

c)

Indian

d)

Southern

e)

Antarctic

108.

Which two letters show high tide?

a)

C and D

b)

D and B

c)

A and C

d)

B and C

109.

Which two letters show low tide?

a)

C and D

b)

D and B

c)

A and C

d)

B and C

110.

What causes waves in the ocean?

a)

The gravitational pull of the moon

b)

The wind

c)

The gravitational pull of the sun

d)

Currents

111.

What causes tides?

a)

The wind

b)

The gravitational pull of the moon and the sun

c)

The spinning of the Earth

d)

Direct sunlight

112.

Which two letters show a spring tide?

a)

A and B

b)

C and D

c)

A and C

d)

B and D

113.

Which two letters show a neap tide?

a)

A and B

b)

C and D

c)

A and C

d)

B and D

114.

In Finding Nemo, the characters traveled in a ___________, which is basically a stream flowing in the ocean.

a)

Tide

b)

Wave

c)

Current

d)

Tsunami

115.

Which of these would be the BEST way to conserve water?

a)

Water lawn at noon

b)

Take long showers

c)

Do small loads of laundry

d)

Repair leaky pipes