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8th Grade Science OST Review

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 2hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Wind blows sand onto rocks and slowly breaks down the rock
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
2.
A mudslide dumps a large pile of mud onto a road
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
3.
Water gets into cracks of a rock, when the water freezes it breaks up the rock
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
4.
Waves wash sand onto land until a beach is formed
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
5.
A flash flood washes away the side of a river bank
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
6.
A river carries dirt and mud out of the land it runs through
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
7.
Wind blows sand into the desert where it collects in giant piles called sand dunes
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
8.
small islands made of sediment called deltas form at the end of rivers
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
9.
Rain washes away dirt from a hillside
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
10.
Wind blows sand out of the dessert
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
11.
A stream widens into a river over time as the sides get worn away
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
12.
A rock sits on a river for 100 years and is worn down until it is smooth
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
13.
Acid rain melts the features of a statue
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
14.
Salt water eats away at rock
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
15.
Removing Sediment from a location
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
16.
Adding sediment to a location
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
17.
Breaking a rock down into smaller pieces (sediment) by physical force
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
18.
Breaking a rock down into smaller pieces (sediment) using chemicals
a)
Mechanical Weathering
b)
Chemical Weathering
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
19.
The small peices of rock that break off of a larger rock during weathering are called...
a)
Sediment
b)
Salt
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
20.
sediment settles and builds up layers on the bottom of the ocean
a)
Sediment
b)
Salt
c)
Erosion
d)
Deposition
21.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?
a)
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
b)
mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
c)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
d)
outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
22.
Earth's inner core is...
a)
a dense ball of solid iron and nickel.
b)
a layer of molten iron and nickel.
c)
a layer of hot rock.
d)
a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin.
23.
Which layer of Earth has the GREATEST density?
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
24.
Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth's interior is made up of several
a)
continents
b)
layers
c)
ridges
d)
trenches
25.
Earth's mantle is
a)
a layer of molten metal.
b)
a layer of hot rock.
c)
a dense ball of solid metal.
d)
a layer of rock that forms Earth's outer skin.
26.
A deep well or mine shaft goes through which layer or layers of Earth?
a)
crust only
b)
mantle only
c)
crust and mantle
d)
mantle and core
27.
Which layer of Earth is LIQUID?
a)
upper mantle
b)
lower mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
28.
What are the two kinds of crust?
a)
lithospheric and asthenospheric
b)
silicon based and iron based
c)
continental and oceanic
d)
outer and inner
29.
Which layer of Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?
a)
asthenosphere
b)
crust
c)
lithosphere
d)
mantle
30.
Earth's solid inner core is surrounded by the hot, molten metal of which layer?
a)
lithosphere
b)
outer core
c)
crust
d)
mantle
31.
Earth's crust is broken into large pieces called
a)
Continents
b)
Countries
c)
Tectonic plates
d)
Oceans
32.

The Crust is a thin layer of about

a)

8 to 75 km

b)

100 to 200 km

c)

2000 km

d)

more than 3000 km

33.
4. What layer is the hottest?
a)
Core
b)
Crust
c)
Mantle
34.
5. Which layer is the thickest?
a)
Core
b)
Crust
c)
Mantle
35.
Which layer is made up of iron and nickel?
a)
Crust
b)
Mantle
c)
Inner Core
d)
Lithosphere
36.
What type of heat transfer in found in Earth"s asthenosphere?
a)
Conduction
b)
Convection
c)
Radiation
d)
I don't know
37.

What kind of waves travel through Earth's Interior?

a)

ocean waves

b)

time waves

c)

sound waves

d)

seismic waves

38.

Which seismic waves are the fastest?

a)

p waves

b)

s waves

c)

surface waves

39.

Secondary waves can pass through __________.

a)

solids

b)

liquids

c)

gases

d)

all

40.

Primary waves can pass through ___________.

a)

solids

b)

liquids

c)

gases

d)

all

41.
Identify layer  #20.
a)
mantle
b)
asthenosphere
c)
inner core
d)
outer core
42.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a)

The inner core is less dense than the outer core.

b)

The continental crust is denser than the oceanic crust.

c)

The oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust.

d)

The lower mantle is less dense than the asthenosphere.

43.
Which body wave is pictured?
a)
P-Wave
b)
S-Wave
c)
Rayleigh Wave
d)
Love Wave
44.

Primary (P) Waves can pass through...

a)

solids only

b)

liquids only

c)

gases only

d)

solids, liquids, and gases

45.
An instrument that detects and measures earthquakes is a 
a)
seismogram
b)
focus seismic map
c)
focus
d)
seismograph 
46.

How many children does Mrs. Obaugh have?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

6

47.

Which is the geologic process that breaks down rock?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

destruction

48.

Which is the geologic process that moves broken material from one location to another?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

destruction

49.

Which is the geologic process which deposits material to form a landform?

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

destruction

50.
The OLDEST seafloor is located? 
a)
Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
b)
Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
51.
What are Mid-Ocean Ridges?
a)
A chain of underwater waterfalls 
b)
A chain of underwater volcanos
c)
A chain of underwater mountains
d)
A chain of underwater rocks
52.
What technology was used during WWII to detect enemy submarines and produce the first map of the seafloor?
a)
Sonar
b)
Radar
c)
GPS
53.

What does the theory of continental drift state?

a)

The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved slowly to their current locations

b)

Continents are stationary and do not move

c)

The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents

d)

none of the above

54.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

55.

What is Pangaea?

a)

the name of a German scientist

b)

the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago

c)

another name for continental drift

d)

the name of an ancient fossil

56.

Which type of evidence was NOT used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?

a)

evidence from landforms

b)

evidence from fossils

c)

evidence from human remains

d)

evidence from climate

57.

Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift because _______

a)

they were afraid of a new idea.

b)

Wegener was interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago.

c)

Wegener used several different types of evidence to support his hypothesis.

d)

Wegener could not identify how, when or why the continents moved apart.

58.

In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts _______

a)

along the edges of all the continents.

b)

along mid-ocean ridges.

c)

in deep-ocean trenches.

d)

at the north and south poles.

59.
Who hypothesized the theory of seafloor spreading?
a)
Alfred Wegener
b)
Harry Hess
c)
Albert Einstein
d)
Jerry Jones
60.

Magma that turns into rock at the mid ocean ridge, has iron crystals that record...

a)

Earth's magnetism

b)

Earth's gravity

c)

Earth's history

d)

Earth's cosmic rays

61.
Who is the person credited with developing the theory of continental drift?
a)
Harry Hess
b)
Galileo
c)
Alfred Wegener
d)
Newton
62.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
63.
True or False : Sea-floor Spreading adds new material to the ocean floor?
a)
True
b)
False
64.
New crust is always formed at the...
a)
mid-ocean ridge
b)
deep-ocean trench
c)
asthenosphere
65.
Which of the following supports the theory of seafloor spreading?
a)
Correlation of rock layers
b)
Crustal Age
c)
Magnetic Reversal
d)
Continuous Mountain Chains
66.

Process by which new ocean crust forms.

a)

Seafloor spreading

b)

Continental drift

c)

Mid-ocean ridge

d)

Rift

67.

Oceanic crust near the mid-ocean ridge is YOUNGER than oceanic crust farther away from the ridge.

a)

True

b)

False

68.

Harry Hess proposed an idea suggesting a process called what?

a)

Continental Drift

b)

Subduction

c)

Seafloor Spreading

d)

Mid-Ocean Ridges

69.

New oceanic lithosphere (crust) forms as a result of

a)

sea-floor spreading.

b)

normal polarity.

c)

reverse polarity.

d)

continental drift.

70.

Underwater mountain chains running through Earth’s ocean basins are called

a)

sea-floor spreading.

b)

mid-ocean ridges.

c)

magnetic reversal.

d)

continental drift.

71.

The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of

a)

global positioning.

b)

magnetic reversal.

c)

continental drift.

d)

oceanic drifts.

72.

Magnetic reversals have helped to support

a)

the theory of Pangaea.

b)

the age of the Earth.

c)

sea-floor spreading.

d)

the theory of Gondwana.

73.

Which of the following are evidence for continental drift?

a)

Puzzle-like fit

b)

Fossils

c)

Rocks

d)

Climate Clues

e)

All of the Above

74.

The fact that many of the continents look like they fit together is called the

a)

cool continent clue

b)

puzzle-like fit

c)

Wegner hypothesis

d)

Hess Theory

75.

Fossils are evidence for continental drift because

a)

there were the same fish fossils on many continents

b)

there were different fossils on different continents

c)

there were fossils of the same land animal on separate continents

d)

there were no fossils on the continents

76.

Climate clue are evidence for continental drift because

a)

there is glacial evidence in tropical areas

b)

there are fossils of tropical plants in arctic areas

c)

all of the above

d)

none of the above

77.

Rocks and mountains are evidence for continental drift because

a)

no rock evidence is found

b)

rocks layers do not match on any continents

c)

there are matching rock layers on separate continents

d)

there are matching fossils on separate continents

78.

This is a segment of DNA on a chromosome

a)

trait

b)

gene

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

79.

These are the genes an organism has - it's genetic makeup.

a)

trait

b)

gene

c)

genotype

d)

phenotype

80.

The study of heredity.

a)

selective breeding

b)

Mendel's Laws

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

genetics

81.

Having two of the same alleles for a given trait.

a)

heterozygous

b)

doubling

c)

homozygous

d)

tripling

82.

This principle/law states that each parent passes only one allele for a trait to its offspring.

a)

Principle of Segregation

b)

Principle of Dominance

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

Law of Genetics

83.

This principle/law states that the alleles for one trait have no effect on the alleles for another trait.

a)

Principle of Segregation

b)

Principle of Dominance

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

Law of Genetics

84.

This is another term for when an organism has two different alleles for a trait.

a)

purebred

b)

hybrid

c)

mutation

d)

cloned

85.

This is another term for when an organism has two of the same alleles for a trait.

a)

purebred

b)

hybrid

c)

mutation

d)

cloned

86.

This principle/law states that only one form of a trait is expressed in the phenotype even when both alleles are present.

a)

Principle of Dominance

b)

Law of Segregation

c)

Law of Independent Assortment

d)

Law of Genetics

87.

This is the tool used to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring.

a)

law of independent assortment

b)

selective breeding

c)

mutation

d)

Punnett Square

88.

This is having two different alleles for a given trait.

a)

homozygous

b)

dominant

c)

heterozygous

d)

recessive

89.

The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located ____.

a)

near continents

b)

at mid-ocean ridges

c)

far from mid-ocean ridges

d)

near Asia

90.

The result of plate movement can be seen at ____.

a)

abyssal plains

b)

ocean margins

c)

plate centers

d)

plate boundaries

91.

The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called ____.

a)

continental drift

b)

continental slope

c)

magnetic reversal

d)

convection

92.

Plates move apart at ____ boundaries.

a)

convergent

b)

stable

c)

divergent

d)

transform

93.

Plates slide past one another at ____.

a)

subduction zones

b)

transform boundaries

c)

convection currents

d)

divergent boundaries

94.

The boundary between two plates moving towards each other is called a ____.

a)

divergent boundary

b)

convergent boundary

c)

transform boundary

d)

lithosphere

95.

The Great Rift Valley in Africa is a ____.

a)

mid-ocean ridge

b)

divergent boundary

c)

convergent boundary

d)

transform boundary

96.

The Andes mountain range of South America was formed at a ____.

a)

convergent boundary

b)

divergent boundary

c)

hot spot

d)

transform boundary

97.

A person is standing in the middle of a boxcar on a train moving 100 km per hour. If the motion of the boxcar

, where in the boxcar will the person most likely land after he jumps straight up?

a)
b)
c)
d)
98.
a)

Force Q is equal to Force S and Force R is equal to Force T.

b)

Force Q is less than Force S and Force R is equal to Force T.

c)

Force Q is equal to Force S and Force R is greater than Force T.

d)

Force Q is less than Force S and Force R is greater than Force T.

99.

Which bar magnet will experience the greatest magnetic attraction?

a)

Magnet 1

b)

Magnet 2

c)

Magnet 3

d)

Magnet 4

100.

There are two ends of a magnet.

What are they called?

a)

North and East

b)

North and West

c)

North and South

d)

South and East

101.

Which illustration correctly shows how the spheres will behave?

a)
b)
c)
d)
102.

Which diagram shows the gymnast's potential energies?

a)
b)
c)
d)
103.

In which direction will the box move?

a)

A. in the direction arrow P is pointing

b)

B. in the direction arrow Q is pointing

c)

C. in the direction arrow R is pointing

d)

D. in the direction arrow S is pointing

104.

Which term is an example of force?

a)

weight

b)

energy

c)

work

d)

mass

105.

Which person has gained the most gravitational potential energy ?

a)

a. a 50kg person who lives on the second floor

b)

b. a 50kg person who lives on the third floor

c)

c. a 100kg person who lives on the second floor

d)

d. a 100kg person who lives on the third floor

106.

How does the elastic potential energy in the bow change as the archer fires an arrow?

a)

It decreases from Step1 to Step 2, then increases to Step 3.

b)

It increases from Step1 to Step 2, then decreases to Step 3.

c)

It remains constant from Step1 to Step 2, then increases to Step 3.

d)

It remains constant from Step1 to Step 2, then decreases to Step 3.

107.

What happens to Box X and Box Y as a result of the forces?

a)

A. Box X starts moving, speeding up, and Box Y remains at rest.

b)

B. Box X starts moving at constant speed, and Box Y remains at rest.

c)

C. Box X starts moving at constant speed, and Box Y starts moving, speeding up.

d)

D. Box X starts moving, speeding up, and Box Y starts moving at a constant speed.

108.

Which bunny will fall fastest?

a)

Bunny 1

b)

Bunny 2

c)

Bunny 1 and Bunny 2 will fall at the same time.

109.

How does the elastic potential energy change for each of the springs?

a)

The elastic potential energy of both springs will increase.

b)

The elastic potential energy of both springs will decrease.

c)

The elastic potential energy of the spring in set-up A will decrease and the elastic potential energy of the spring in setup B will increase.

d)

The elastic potential energy of the spring in set-up A will increase and the elastic potential energy of the spring in setup B will decrease.

110.

As you are riding in your car down the road, how do the light poles appear to move?

a)

A. forward

b)

B. backward

c)

C. They are stationary and do not move

d)

D. In the same direction as you

111.

A student is riding her bicycle down the street. She passes the mailman pulling mail from the corner mailbox. To the mailman, how does the student appear to move?

a)

A. forward

b)

B. backward

c)

C. She does not appear to be moving

d)

D. In the same direction as the mailman

112.

Click on each action that will reduce the rate at which the speed of the basket changes.

a)

Pull with less force

b)

Pull with more force

c)

Add an apple to the basket

d)

Take an apple out of the basket

e)

Roughen the surface to increase friction

113.

An object moves at a constant speed.


What will happen to this object’s motion over time if no new forces are applied?

a)

It will change direction.


b)

It will increase in speed.

c)

It will decrease in speed.

d)

It will maintain a constant speed.

114.

What type of potential energy is released from a hand warmer?

a)

elastic potential energy

b)

gravitational potential energy

c)

chemical potential energy

d)

kinetic energy

115.

A scientist runs an electric current along a wire. A magnetic compass is placed near the wire.. The scientist observes that whenever the current is turned on, the compass needle moves.

Why does the compass needle move?

a)

The current creates an electric field around the wire.

b)

The current creates a magnetic field around the wire

c)

The current adds electric charge to the compass needle.

d)

The current increases the forces of gravity on the compass needle.

116.

When there is movement, potential and gravitational energy changed to _________ Energy.

a)

chemical

b)

potential

c)

elastic

d)

kinetic

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