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Genetics Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
An organism's phenotype describes its __________.
a)
genetic makeup
b)
physical appearance
2.
What do you call a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait?
a)
nucleus
b)
chromosome
c)
gene
d)
DNA
3.
How many chromosomes are found in human egg and sperm cells?
a)
20
b)
23
c)
26
d)
46
4.
__________ worked with pea plants to prove that traits are passed from parent to offspring.
a)
Reginald Punnett
b)
Gregor Mendel
5.
An organism's genotype describes its __________.
a)
genetic makeup
b)
physical appearance
6.
A dominant trait shows up __________.
a)
only when two dominant alleles are present
b)
only when one dominant allele is present
c)
when at least one recessive allele is present
d)
when at least one dominant allele is present
7.
A recessive trait only shows up when __________.
a)
two dominant alleles are present
b)
one dominant allele is present
c)
two recessive alleles are present
d)
at least one dominant allele is present
8.
If you cross two parents, both with genotype Bb, what percentage of children will have brown eyes?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
9.
Purebred is another word for __________, while hybrid is another word for __________.
a)
dominant; recessive
b)
recessive; dominant
c)
homozygous; heterozygous
d)
heterozygous; homozygous
10.
The two different forms of a gene are called _________.
a)
zygotes
b)
traits
c)
phenotypes
d)
alleles
11.
What word describes how traits are passed from parent to offspring?
a)
Alleles
b)
Dominance
c)
Probability
d)
Heredity
12.
Scientists use __________ to show what genotype combinations are possible.
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Mendel Square
c)
Madison Square
d)
Times Square
13.
How many cycles of cell division occur in meiosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
14.
What is the phenotype in the bottom right square? (Yellow is dominant and green is recessive)
a)
yy
b)
Yy
c)
yellow
d)
green
15.
Which of the following is the genotype for a homozygous recessive trait?
a)
gg
b)
Gg
c)
GG
16.
What % of the offspring in the Punnet square are heterozygous?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
17.
What type of letters are used to show a trait is dominant?
a)
capital
b)
lowercase
18.
What are traits that aren't dominant over each other but whose heterozygous outcome is a combination of the two equally but separately?
a)
pure dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
co-dominance
d)
simple dominance
19.
What is the type of dominance when the two traits aren't dominant over each other, but whose heterozygous outcome is blended?
a)
co-dominance
b)
simple dominance
c)
incomplete dominance
d)
non-dominance
20.
pp is an example of why type of genotype?
a)
homozygous recessive
b)
heterozygous recessive
c)
homozygous dominant
d)
heterozygous dominant
21.
PP is what type of genotype?
a)
homozygous recessive
b)
heterozygous recessive
c)
homozygous dominant
d)
homozygous recessive
22.

Pp is an example what type of genotype?

a)

homozygous recessive

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

heterozygous

23.
What is one or more alternative forms of a gene?
a)
chromosome
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
allele
24.

What type of letter shows a recessive trait?

a)

capital

b)

lowercase

25.
What type of letter show s a recessive trait?
a)
capital
b)
lowercase
26.
What is the study of heredity?
a)
genetics
b)
cell biology
c)
chemistry
d)
botany
27.
Who was the father of genetics?
a)
Mendel
b)
Einstein
c)
Redi
d)
Pasteur
28.
What is a trait that can be hidden?
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
sneaky
d)
recess time
29.
If there is a cross of a red and white chicken, and the trait is co-dominant, what will be the result?
a)
a blended color
b)
a speckled chicken
30.
If red and white have incomplete dominance for a trait, and a red flower is crossed with  a white flower, what will be the result?
a)
a spoted flower
b)
a blended flower
31.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers.
What is the phenotype of the flower whose genotype is Pp
a)
white
b)
purple
c)
lilac 
d)
spotted 
32.
In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles.  The dominant allele (F) codes for grey fur and the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous.  The male dog is homozygous recessive. Predict  the most likely  phenotype ratio and  and genotype ratio  of their possible puppies. 
a)
100% black ff
b)
100% grey FF
c)
50% grey Ff
d)
25% grey FF
33.
The father has blood type A heterozygous, the mother is type B homozygous. What is the probability of the offspring having type O blood? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
34.

Alice has type A blood. Her first child, Amanda, has type O blood. Her second child, Alex, has type AB blood. What is the husbands genotype?

a)

ii

b)

IBIB

c)

IBi

d)

IAIB

35.
The cross of a plant with white flowers (WW) and a plant with Green flowers (ww) is shown in the Punnett square below. What would be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring from this cross?
a)
Ww - white
b)
Ww - green
c)
WW - white
d)
ww - green
36.
What was one contribution Gregor Mendel made to science by performing his experiments on plants?
a)
Showing traits are inherited
b)
Proving that plants are living organisms
c)
Showing that the structure of DNA is a double helix
d)
Proving that random mutations cause the creation of new species
37.
An organism's phenotype describes its __________.
a)
genetic makeup
b)
physical appearance
38.

Who is Gregor Mendel

a)

an Austrian Monk from the mid 1800s who contributed to the study of Genetics

b)

The scientist who discovered the structure of DNA

c)

a British scientist who discovered penicillin

d)

The scientist who used X-Ray Crystallography to shed light on the structure of DNA

39.

What did Gregor Mendel study?

a)

Mold Spores

b)

Pea Plants

c)

Sun Flowers

d)

Rats

40.

What specifically about Pea Plants did Mendel Study?

a)

Color of Pea Flower

b)

Colors of individual Peas

c)

Texture of Peas

d)

All of these

41.

What was Mendel's first conclusion?

a)

Pea plants were inheriting a pair of genetic instructions from both parents.

b)

Pea plants were inheriting genetic instructions from their grandparents.

c)

Pea plants were inheriting genetic instructions only from their maternal parent.

d)

Pea plants were inheriting genetic instructions only from their paternal parent

42.

What was Mendel's Second conclusion?

a)

The allele (factor) for purple flowers was stronger, or more dominant, than the white allele (factor)

b)

The allele (factor) for purple flowers were the same strength, equal dominance, to the white allele (factor)

c)

The allele (factor) for purple flowers was weaker, or more recessive, than the white allele (factor)

d)

The allele (factor) for white flowers was stronger, or more dominant, than the purple allele (factor)

43.

Mendel's Law of Segregation means?

a)

Every person has two alleles for each trait, they segregate from each other and the dominant is passed more often.

b)

Every person has two alleles for each trait, Where two traits are being passed, they do not effect each other.

c)

Every person has two alleles for each trait, they segregate from each other and are passed down at random.

d)

Every person has two alleles for each trait, they segregate from each other and the recessive is passed more often.

44.

What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

a)

If the recessive allele is passed for one trait, then it is more likely that the recessive allele will be passed for the other trait.

b)

The passing of allele of one trait does not affect the passing of allele of another trait.

c)

If the dominant allele is passed for one trait, then it is more likely that the dominant allele will be passed for the other trait.

d)

If the dominant allele is passed for one trait, then it is more likely that the recessive allele will be passed for the other trait.

45.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
46.
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.
a)
23, 46
b)
46, 23
c)
2, 4
d)
50, 100
47.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
a)
one haploid gamete
b)
three diploid gametes
c)
four diploid gametes
d)
four haploid gametes
48.
What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?
a)
Haploid Gametes
b)
Diploid Somatic Cells
c)
Skin Cells
d)
Liver Cells
49.
The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
prophase 1
c)
prophase 2
d)
telophase 1
50.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
51.
Crossing over helps promote 
a)
male genotype
b)
genetic variation
c)
DNA replication
d)
mitosis
52.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
53.
Chromosomes exchange genetic material during 
a)
crossing over
b)
replication
c)
synthesis
d)
translation
54.
Human eggs and sperm are _____, and each has ____ chromosomes.
a)
diploid, 23
b)
diploid, 46
c)
haploid, 23
d)
haploid, 46
55.
If a cell has 2 of every chromosome.  1 of each pair from the maternal parent and 1 of each pair from the paternal parent. 
a)
homologous pairs
b)
replicated chromosomes
c)
haploid
d)
diploid
56.
A Skin has 2 of every chromosome.  Which term means 1 of each chromosome? 
a)
Meiosis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Haploid
d)
Diploid
57.
What is the name of the step in the diagram above? 
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase I
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Anaphase I
58.

MEIOSIS PRODUCES 4 CELLS-THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER IS ...

a)

DIPLOID

b)

HAPLOID

59.
a)

INCREASES GENETIC VARIATION

b)

TAKES PLACE IN PROPHASE I

c)

CROSSING OVER

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

60.
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
a)
The same number
b)
One-fourth as many
c)
Twice as many
d)
Half as many

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