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WorksheetsBiological Systems PASS Exam Buster 2021
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 2hrs 17mins
Which of the following statements is TRUE? (1 mark)
a. Evolution is goal oriented
b. Natural selection is the only mechanism of change through evolution
c. A scientific theory is a general, verifiable principle that explain many observations
d. Biology is a subset of science that aims to understand the animal kingdom
What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? (1 mark)
a. Encodes the information needed to create life
b. Complex protein made up of RNA and proteins accepts the mRNA a the site of protein assembly and produces a protein
c. Translates gene language into amino acid sequence
d. Carries the message from DNA to the site of protein production
Which of the following is FALSE with regard to DNA? (1 mark)
a. Two complementary strands run parallel to each other
b. Has a phosphate-sugar backbone on the outside and nitrogenous bases on the inside
c. Is made up of the bases A, T, G, C
d. Carries the genetic code
Abiogenesis is currently the leading theory of how life arose on Earth. Describe the steps involved in the process of this theory. (3 marks)
Complete the blank (numbered) spaces in the table shown in the image. The table is regarding the levels of protein structure (the name, description of structure & examples). (4 marks)
For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the table.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this section”
2. ”Your answer for this section”
Etc
There are several ways that prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes, which of these is not one of those ways? (1 mark)
a. Eukaryotes have a nuclear envelope that surrounds the nucleus protecting the DNA; Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus.
b. Eukaryotes have DNA organised in many linear chromosomes; Prokaryotes have DNA in one main circular chromosome.
c. Eukaryotes have ribosomes; Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.
d. Eukaryotes have organelles internally compartmentalising cells structures and functions; Prokaryotes do not have organelles.
Cells can divide in several different ways, which best describes the cell division method used by eukaryotes for growth and repair? (1 mark)
a. Duplicated homologous chromosomes pair and exchange segments - Chromosomes line up in homologous pairs - Each pair of chromosomes separate - Two cells form, each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids.
b. The genome is copied from one origin of replication - DNA is replicated in both directions to produce two circles of DNA - The cell size increases and eventually splits into two identical daughter cells.
c. Two daughter cells undergo another round of cell division - Sister chromatids separate - Resulting in four daughter cells containing unduplicated chromosomes.
d. Chromosomes uncondensed and duplicate - Chromosomes made of two sister chromatids condense - Chromosomes attach to spindle fibres - Align along the equator of the cell - Sister chromatids are pulled apart and pulled to opposite sides of the cell - Cell splits into two daughter cells.
Molecules move through the cell membrane using passive transport, active transport and exocytosis. Briefly describe the general process of each of these. (3 marks)
Label the numbered spaces of this diagram. The diagram is of the internal structure of a eukaryotic cell. As well as the name of the structure please provide a short statement (a few words is fine) of its function. (4 marks)
In the image is a numbered diagram. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the diagram.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this label”
2. ”Your answer for this label”
Etc
Mitosis produces _________ genetically __________ diploid cells for cell division. Meiosis produces ______ genetically different _________ cells for sexual reproduction. (2 marks).
Which of the following is NOT a composition of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) (1 marks)?
nucleotide base adenine
deoxyribose sugar
ribose sugar
3-linked phosphate groups
Enzymes are (1 mark)?
Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions
composed of fatty acids
a type of metabolic pathway
all of the above
The sum of all chemical reactions performed by a cell or organisms is know as (1 mark)?
cellular respiration
metabolism
glycolysis
fermentation
Which of the following is NOT a component of a chloroplast (1 mark)?
How plants retain water
organelles in eukaryotic cells
how plants capture energy from the sun
how plants convert sunlight into energy and sugar
Fill in the blanks, cellular respiration diagram (2 marks).
In the image is a numbered diagram. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the diagram.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this label”
2. ”Your answer for this label”
Etc
Fill in the blanks. In simple terms, cellular respiration is the extraction of _________ from organic molecules to produce ________ (1 mark).
water, energy
energy, ATP
water, ATP
ATP, energy
Fill in the blanks, the two stages of photosynthesis diagram (2 marks).
In the image is a numbered diagram. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the diagram.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this label”
2. ”Your answer for this label”
Etc
What does the circadian rhythm do (1 mark)?
regulates behaviour and metabolism
is the process in which animals can consume food and water
the pace in which locomotion takes place for a species
regulates everything a species does other than behaviour and metabolism
What is the difference between a regulator and a conformer (3 marks)?
What is a phylogenetic tree (1 mark)?
the most common species of tree
a representation of evolutionary history based on morphology
a representation of evolutionary history base on species place of origin
all of the above
Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life (1 mark)?
domain eukarya
domain virusae
domain bacteria
domain archaea
Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution (1 mark)?
direct observations
morphological and genetic homology
fossil record
mutations
Explain the three mechanisms for evolution, and how each results in evolution (3 marks).
Protists are a very diverse group of _______________ and are categorised into 4 "supergroups". Giardia intestinalis is an example of a parasitic protists and is commonly transmitted in contaminated water. Giardia intestinalis belongs to the clade____________________. (2 marks)
Prokaryotes play a key role within the environment. Discuss the three ecological relationships demonstrated by prokaryotes and how each may affect humans. Provide examples to support your statement. (3 marks)
Which of the below fungi phylum primarily consists of decomposers of wood, lignin and other plant materials? (1 mark)
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
In many prokaryotes, the cell wall is surrounded by a layer of polysaccharide. What is the role of the polysaccharide capsule? (1 mark)
The capsule provides the prokaryote with protection when faced with harsh conditions.
The capsule aids in movement for the prokaryote
The capsule allows the bacteria to stick to substrates and surfaces
The capsule is a protective, multilayer barrier that forms around the chromosome
Many prokaryotes contain a cell wall. Identify the missing structures labelled 1-3 on the above diagram. Determine which bacteria is gram positive and which is gram negative. (3 marks)
In the image is a numbered diagram. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the diagram.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this label”
2. ”Your answer for this label”
Etc
Which of the following occurred throughout the Mesozoic period? (1 mark)
Rise of large mammals
Disappearance of marine reptiles
Origin of wings in birds
Vertebrates (fish) emerged as top predators in the marine food web
Thermoregulation is the ability for organisms to control their internal temperature within certain boundaries. The diagram refers to thermoregulation by function in endotherms. Identify the below processes, labelling your answers 1-7. (4 marks)
In the image is a numbered diagram. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the diagram.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this label”
2. ”Your answer for this label”
Etc
Animals face 3 fundamental challenges. These challenges are... (1 mark)
Obtain nutrients, ability to evolve, produce offspring
Obtain nutrients, fight off infections, produce offspring
Maintain life, fight off infections, ability to evolve
Exchange nutrients, maintain life, fight off infection
Tissues are a group of cells that have similar structures and perform specialised functions. Identify the four primary types of tissues. (3 marks)
Cartilage and blood are an example of which tissue? (1 mark)
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
How many amino acids can the human body make? (1 mark)
8
12
13
20
Valuable substances are returned to bodily fluids describes which function of the excretory system? (1 mark)
Filtration
Re-absorption
Secretion
Excretion
Which of these is not a sex determinate? (1 mark)
Social - clownfish are born males but can turn into females if the alpha female dies
Auditory - the sex of a bird is determined by its exposure to it's mothers call
Temperature-dependent - if a turtles's eggs incubate below 27.7 degrees Celsius, the turtle will be male
Contact - if a worm does not encounter a chemical signal from a female it will differentiate into a female
What is the mode of animal nutrition for each of the photos below? (2 marks)
Write your answer as:
a. (your answer here)
b. (your answer here)
What are the two strategies of osmoregulation? Provide a definition for each. (2 marks)
What is asexual reproduction? List 2 pros and 2 cons. (3 marks)
Animals who use mechanoreceptors can sense.. (1 mark)
Electric and magnetic fields
Pressure, touch, motion and sound
Hot and cold
Taste and smell
Which of the following is not an internal defence mechanism of innate immunity? (1 mark)
Natural killer cells
Inflammatory response
Cytotoxic cells
Phagocytic cells
Describe the function of Neurons and the 3 stages of information processing. (4 marks)
Referring to the tables match up the learning behaviours with their definitions (3 marks)
Write your answers as the number from the learning type matched with the appropraite letter from the defintions. For example: 1 - A etc.
Fill in the blanks (1 mark)
Nike Tinbergen has 4 questions for understanding behaviour in animals. the second question is how does the animal’s experience during _________ and __________ influence the response?
Adiantum hispidulum is a non-flowering, vascular plant. It has a dominant Sporophyte phase, and has spore but no seeds. Which type of plant is this? (1 mark)
Bryophyte (moss)
Fern
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
Which of the following best describes how water is transported from the roots to the top branches of a tree? (1 mark)
Transpiration from the leaves causes tension to increase in the tree's phloem. As water evaporates from stomata, the adhesion of water molecules pulls more water from the soil into the roots and upwards.
Transpiration from the leaves causes tension to increase in the tree's xylem. As water evaporates from stomata, the cohesion of water molecules pulls more water from the soil into the roots and upwards.
Transpiration from the leaves causes tension to increase in the tree's phloem. As water evaporates from stomata, the cohesion of water molecules pulls more water from the soil into the roots and upwards.
Transpiration from the leaves causes tension to increase in the tree's xylem. As water evaporates from stomata, the adhesion of water molecules pulls more water from the soil into the roots and upwards.
List the main differences between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, and explain why Angiosperms are so successful? (3 marks)
Ground tissues in plants can be divided into 3 types of cells, explain ground tissue function and in particular, the role of collenchyma cells. (2 marks)
Fill in the blanks. The diagram is of Alternation of generation, in the blank spaces 1-5 briefly explain each step, as well as labelling the two phases 6-7. (3 marks)
For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the table.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this section”
2. ”Your answer for this section”
Etc
__________ growth is when the apical meristems increase the __________ of the stem. (1 mark)
Secondary; thickness
Secondary; length
Primary; thickness
Primary; length
The Casparian strip in the roots of plants, is correctly described by which of the following? (1 mark)
It is located in the walls between endodermal cells and cortex cells.
It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the vascular bundle from the cortex.
It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts.
It controls entry of substances to vascular tissue in roots.
Which of the following about stomata is incorrect? (1 mark)
Generally open at night and closed during the daytime
Generally found on the underside of the leaf
Have 2 guard cells surrounding each opening
Help with the exchange of gases
What is mycorrhizae? Explain its ecological importance. (2 marks)
Explain what humus is and why Australia generally has poor soil? (2 marks)
Label the image 1-3 below by identifying the different soil layers and briefly describe their properties. (3 marks)
For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the table.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this section”
2. ”Your answer for this section”
Etc
What are the responses a plant has to red light? (1 mark)
a. Shade avoidance, seed germination, setting internal clock and flowering.
b. Opening of stomata, phototropism and slowing of elongation of the juvenile shoot
c. Shade avoidance, phototropism, setting internal clock and opening of stomata.
d. Opening of stomata, slowing of elongation of the juvenile shoot, seed germination, setting of internal clock and flowering.
A plants leaf has been partially eaten by a herbivore and a bacteria (that has not evolved any chemicals to suppress immunity) has invaded the plant through this opening, how would the plant respond? (1 mark)
a. Use silica to form plant stones making it difficult to eat and therefore reducing the level of herbivory so it has time to recover.
b. PAMP- triggered immunity detects the alien molecule and produced broad spectrum antimicrobial chemicals.
c. Effector-triggered immunity detects the alien molecule which triggers a hypersensitive response killing the plant tissue at the site of infection.
d. The plant releases volatile alarm chemicals to attract insects to eat the infected leaves and rid it of the alien molecule.
Natural selection favours deviations in floral structure that make it more likely to be pollinated by a dedicated pollinator, why is this? (1 mark)
a. So there is a more diverse range of insects and morphologically different flowers to make life prettier and more interesting.
b. Attracting a loyal pollinator is in the interest of the plant so that its pollen is more likely to be transferred to another flower of the same species.
c. Because the insects require a reward of nectar to continually return to pollenate the plant.
d. Co-evolution of specific insects and plants was inevitable and has been occurring since the first common ancestor of land plants moved out of the water.
As a response to drought plants may ___________ their stomata to reduce _________________. (1 mark)
Plants have hormones that regulate all aspects of growth and development. Four key hormones were discussed in this course, name any two of them and list three important functions of each of those two. (3 marks)
Complete the blank (numbered) sections of the table shown in the image. The table is a summary of pollinators and the flower types they are attracted to. (3 marks)
In the image is a numbered table. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the table.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this section”
2. ”Your answer for this section”
Etc
Which of the following statements about global warming is incorrect? (1 mark)
a. Human activities, such as burning of fossil fuels, are releasing greenhouse gases that were previously stored into the atmosphere.
b. Melting glaciers are causing sea levels to rise
c. The increased greenhouse effect is causing a global rise in temperature
d. Increased energy due to rising temperatures will result in less severe weather events
In ecological terms which of the following best defines a community? (1 mark)
a. A kangaroo
b. A group of kangaroos, flying foxes and koalas that live in the same area, along with the plants in the area and the climate and geochemistry of the area.
c. A group of kangaroos, flying foxes and koalas that live in the same area, along with the plants in the area.
d. A group of flying foxes
Terrestrial biomes are mostly determines by vegetation which is a result of temperature and rainfall. In the image is a simplified graph of temperature and rainfall. Based on the location of the circles on the graph, label what type of biome you would expect them to be. (2 marks)
In the image is a numbered diagram. For your response in the provided answer space type out your answer for each section with the appropriate associated number from the diagram.
Example:
1. “Your answer for this label”
2. ”Your answer for this label”
Etc
Intensive use of fertiliser for agriculture has greatly increased ______________. This can cause __________________, this leads to algal bloom which can result in ________ or ________. (2 mark)
Discuss what factors can influence the distribution of species and how. (4 marks)
