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Biology Final #2 (Cells & Biochemistry) 2021

Total questions: 69

Worksheet time: 1hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
all matter is made of what 
a)
energy 
b)
atoms 
c)
electrons 
d)
compounds 
2.
The subatomic particle with a negative charge is the
a)
electron
b)
proton
c)
neutron
d)
nucleus 
3.
Ions are: 
a)
atoms with a positive or negative charge
b)
atoms with no charge
c)
atoms with ONLY a positive charge
d)
atoms with ONLY a negative charge
4.
An atoms overall charge is 
a)
positive 
b)
depends on its mood 
c)
neutral 
d)
negative 
5.
How many protons does this atom have?
a)
40
b)
20
c)
26
d)
60
6.
How many valence electrons does this atom have in its outer most shell (hint... 2-8-8...)?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
2
d)
10
7.
Which subatomic particle is responsible for bonding? 
a)
protons
b)
neutrons
c)
electrons
d)
gravity
8.
The positive particles of an atom are 
a)
electrons 
b)
positrons 
c)
neutrons 
d)
protons 
9.

Approximately 96% of organisms are made up of which 4 elements?

a)

Hydrogen, oxygen, water and phosphorus

b)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

c)

phosphorus, sulfur, calcium and potassium

d)

iron, zinc, iodine and carbon

10.

An ionic bond is

a)

attraction between opposite charged atoms or molecules

b)

attraction between same charged atoms or molecules

c)

When you share electrons between atoms or molecules

d)

none of the above

11.

A force that holds two atoms together and involves the two atoms sharing one or more electrons

a)

ionic bond

b)

covalent bond

c)

electronegativity

d)

polar bond

12.

What is the difference between a carbohydrate and a lipid?

a)

lipids are quick energy and carbs are long term energy

b)

lipids build muscle and carbs produce fats

c)

carbs are sugars and lipids are fats

13.

Which substance in the video is the solvent?

a)

salt

b)

water

c)

salt and water

d)

none of the above

14.

Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of

a)

cell membranes.

b)

hormones.

c)

lipids.

d)

fatty acids.

15.

Proteins are composed of which molecules?

a)

Amino acids.

b)

Fatty acids.

c)

Monosaccharides.

d)

Nucleic acids.

16.

DNA and RNA are two types of

a)

carbohydrates.

b)

lipids.

c)

proteins.

d)

nucleic acids.

17.

Glycogen, cellulose, and starch are examples of which macro molecule?

a)

Carbohydrates.

b)

Proteins.

c)

Lipids.

d)

Nucleic Acids.

18.

What is the term for the amount of energy that is needed in order to complete a chemical reaction?

a)

Chemical energy.

b)

Activation energy.

c)

Bond energy.

d)

Reactant energy.

19.

A catalyst _____ the energy needed to start a reaction.

a)

Increases.

b)

Decreases.

c)

Increases then decreases.

d)

Decreases then increases.

20.
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
a)
Adhesion
b)
Cohesion
c)
Polarity
d)
Van der Waals forces
21.

Describe ADHESION.

a)

Water molecules attracted to other substances.

b)

Water molecules climbing upwards against the force of gravity.

c)

Water molecules dissolving many substances because of its polarity.

d)

Water molecules attracted to other water molecules.

22.

Molecules (like water) that have an uneven distribution of charges are known as _____.

a)

polar

b)

ions

c)

solvents

d)

non-polar

23.

Monomers are:

a)

single units of larger molecules linked together

b)

single sugars

c)

large molecules

24.

What makes a chemical reaction?

a)

matter is conserved

b)

breaking and forming of chemical bonds

c)

when products form reactants

d)

when you do a lab

25.

Exothermic reactions

a)

absorb more energy than they release

b)

are cold

c)

do not use bond energy for activation

d)

release more energy/heat than they absorb

26.

What are the reactants in this chemical equation?

a)

CH4 and 2O2

b)

carbon and oxygen

c)

CO2 and 2 H2O

d)

water and methane

27.

What is happening in this picture?

a)

an enzyme is binding a substrate together to form a product

b)

an enzyme is breaking down a substrate to release new products

c)

the active site of the enzyme does not fit the substrate

d)

a change in pH has damaged the enzyme

28.

This process assembles/makes organic molecules by removing a water molecule:

a)

dehydration synthesis

b)

hydrolysis

c)

phosphodiester bonding

d)

hydrogen bonding

29.
When you add water to a polymer to break it into monomers, the process is
a)
dehydration synthesis
b)
hydrolysis
30.
Based on the graph, what temperature does this enzyme work best? 
a)
15 C
b)
40 C
c)
30 C
31.
Enzymes are _________ that __________ chemical reactions.
a)
proteins, slow down
b)
proteins, speed up
c)
lipids, slow down
d)
lipids, speed up
32.
Carbon dioxide is abbreviated as CO2 because it is made up of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is a/an...
a)
Colloid because it has carbon in it
b)
Compound because it is a molecule with more than one type of atom
c)
Atom because it is the smallest unit of carbon dioxide that exists
d)
Element because carbon and oxygen are both in the periodic table of elements
33.
Iron is a metal that is mined from the earth. Iron metal is used to make many different things, including buildings and soup cans. Iron is made of only 1 type of atom. Iron is a/an...
a)
Atomic number
b)
Compound
c)
Element
d)
Atomic weight
34.
Matter has :
a)
air and water
b)
mass and takes up space
c)
mass and energy that leak out
d)
compounds only
35.
The subatomic particle with a neutral charge is:
a)
protons
b)
electrons
c)
neutrons
d)
cloud
36.

What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus?

a)

proton and electron

b)

electron and neutron

c)

neutron and proton

d)

neutron and electron

37.
What are the 3 particles that make-up the atom?
a)
protons, neutrons, and isotopes
b)
neutrons, isotopes, and electrons
c)
positives, negatives, and electrons
d)
protons, neutrons, and electrons
38.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) contains how many atoms of oxygen?
a)
0
b)
1
c)
2
d)
3
39.
Organisms must be able to adapt to a changing external and internal environment.  An organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment is known as homeostasis.  How does a cell's membrane help an organism maintain homeostasis?
a)
Cell membranes directly control the temperature of the cell.
b)
Cell membranes control the substances that enter or leave cells.
c)
Cell membranes use a large portion of the cell's energy supply.
d)
Cell membranes protect the cell organelles from large doses of radiation.
40.
Which of the following types of passive transport involves water molecules moving from a high concentration to a low concentration?
a)
osmosis
b)
simple diffusion
c)
filtration
d)
facilitated diffusion
41.
What type of transport is this?
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
42.
What is this image?
a)
cell membrane
b)
mitochondria
c)
golgi apparatus
d)
endoplasmic reticulum
43.
In which direction will these molecules diffuse?
a)
from right to left
b)
from left to right
c)
they will not move at all
d)
they will move in both directions equally
44.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means...

a)

All materials can enter and leave the cell

b)

Certain things can enter and leave while others cannot

c)

The cell manually sorts through all materials

d)

Only certain cells can interact with the cell.

45.
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called 
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
concentration gradient
d)
passive transport
46.
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient
a)
simple diffusion
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
osmosis
47.
Most active transport proteins use energy from the breakdown of:
a)
nucleus
b)
cell membrane
c)
ATP
d)
mitochondria
48.
When both inside and outside of a cell have the same amount of water it is said that the cell has reached a state of
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Equilibrium
49.
Against the concentration gradient
low to high
uses energy/ATP
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
active transport
d)
simple diffusion
50.

What are the main components of the cell membrane?

a)

DNA, transport proteins, sugar

b)

Carbohydrates, phospholipids, water

c)

Phospholipids, transport proteins, cholesterol

d)

Proteins, water, DNA

51.

What type of solution will cause a cell to lose water and shrivel up?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Pure solution

d)

Hypertonic

52.

A process that changes one set of chemicals into a new set of chemicals.

a)

chemical reaction

b)

physical reaction

c)

synthetic reaction

d)

chemical production

53.

The energy needed to start a reaction is called the

a)

activation energy

b)

starting energy

c)

promoting energy

d)

reacting energy

54.

Some factors can change the shape of an enzyme and when an enzyme's shape has changed it no longer works. When this happens we say that the enzyme has been ___.

a)

denatured

b)

altered

c)

modified

d)

renatured

55.

Which of the following can cause a protein's shape to change?

a)

A) changes in pH

b)

B) high temperatures

c)

Both A and B

d)

Neither A nor B

56.

Compare the two pathways, which pathway shows the reaction that has taken place with the help of an enzyme?

a)

Pathway 1

b)

Pathway 2

c)

You cannot tell from these graphs.

d)

Both reactions involved an enzyme.

57.

Enzymes are a type of....

a)

Protein

b)

Nucleic Acid

c)

Lipid

d)

Carbohydrate

58.

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

a)

It loses it's shape

b)

It loses it's function

c)

It loses BOTH it's shape and it's function

d)

It becomes a co-enzyme

59.

Basic unit of all forms of life

a)

Cell

b)

Nucleus

c)

Prokaryote

d)

Eukaryote

60.

Cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis

a)

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

b)

Ribosome / Rough Endoplasmin reticulum

c)

Nucleus

d)

Nucleolus

61.

Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

c)

Cytoskeleton

d)

Organelle

62.

Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy (photosynthesis).

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Lipid Bilayer

63.

What is the major difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

a)

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus

b)

prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.

c)

prokaryotes do not have a cell membrane.

d)

prokaryotes do not contain DNA

64.
Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
ribosomes
d)
Mitochondria
65.
I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?
a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
golgi apparatus
66.
You might think of me as the trash collector, but recycler is maybe more accurate. What am I?
a)
mitochondria
b)
lysosome
c)
vacuole
d)
ribosome
67.
What are tiny organelles that convert glucose into ATP?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Vesicles
c)
Cytoskeleton
d)
Mitochondria
68.
A storage area for food, water and waste.
a)
vacuole
b)
chloroplasts
c)
cell wall
d)
cell membrane
69.
"Gatekeeper" It determines what can come in and out of the cell.
a)
cell wall
b)
cell membrane
c)
cytoplasm
d)
vacuole

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